ftUWB  RKTOBlCAl 

LIBRARY  OF  THE 
UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 
AT  URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 


IN  MEMORY  OF 

STEWART  S.  HOWE 

JOURNALISM  CLASS  OF  1928 


STEWART  S.  HOWE  FOUNDATION 


917.731 
C4327 


Hon.  Win.  B.  Ogden,  First  Mayor  of  Chicago. 

Mr.  Ogden  was  born  in  Walton,  N.  Y.,  June  15th,  1805.  At  six- 
teen he  took  charge  of  his  father's  business,  and  at  twenty-one 
was  a  mercantile  partner.  In  1834  he  was  a  member  of  the  New 
York  Legislature,  and  in  June,  1835,  came  to  Chicago,  where  at  the 
first  election  under  the  city  charter  (in  1837)  he  was  chosen  Mayor. 
From  that  time  until  his  death.— in  1877— Mr.  Ogden  was  a  very 
prominent  factor  in  developing  the  Garden  City.  In  business 
matters  he  was  remarkably  successful,  amassing  his  millions.  As 
a  practical  man,  friend,  and  benefactor,  he  had  few  equals. 
"Many  a  family  in  Chicago,"  says  a  biographer, "owe  their  success 
to  his- kind  assistance." 


CHICAGO: 


AN  INSTRUCTIVE  AND  ENTERTAINING  HISTORY 


WONDERFUL  CITY. 


WITH   A    USEFUL    STRANGER'S    GUIDE. 


CHICAGO  : 
[COPYRIGHTED,    1888.] 

RHODES  &    McCLURE    PUBLISHING   CO. 
1888. 


The  stories  and  sketches  found  in  this  volume  furnish 
an  interesting,  instructive,  and  exhaustive  history  of  the 
most  remarkable  city  in  the  world.  They  have  been  care- 
fully gathered  from  living  men,  many  of  whom  are  not  yet 
"old,"  whose  early  life  on  "Chicago  soil"  antedates  any 
single  building  now  standing  in  the  great  city! 

It  is  curiously  strange,  and  no  less  significant,  to  hear 
Ex-Lieut.  Gcv.  Bross  tell  of  building  his  first  house  "out  on 
the  wild  prairie,"  near  what  is  now  the  Exposition  grounds, 
and  of  "driving  home  his  cows"  from  a  region  now  solid 
with  blocks  for  nearly  seven  miles  beyond !  Equally  strange 
is  Judge  Caton's  story  of  "  treeing  a  great  bear" — and  kill- 
ing it— in  the  wild  woods,  now  within  the  business  center  of 
the  wonderful  city!  But  strangest  of  all  are  the  stories  of 
Gurdon  S.  Hubbard,  whose  early  Chicago  life  looked  out  "all 
round"  on  an  absolute  wilderness,  with  his  nearest  "settle- 
ment" down  at  Danville,  130  miles  away! 

Chicago  is  the  product  of  modern  civilization,  not  only 
as  represented  in  the  old  world,  but  also  the  new.  And  it 
is  the  newest  of  the  new!  Hence  her  river  "runs  up 
stream,"  etc.  And  this  feature  gives  a  peculiar  and  signifi- 
cant interest  to  the  stories  and  sketches  in  this  volume, 
which  have  been  gathered  from  the  "  old  settlers,"  various 
books  on  Chicago,  the  press,  and  friends.  In  a  very  enter- 
taining manner  they  outline  the  wonderful  history  and 
great  success  of  a  most  remarkable  city. 

A  complete  "Visitors'  Guide"  has  been  added,  for  the 
benefit  of  those  who  visit  Chicago. 


Chicago's  First  Owners. 


AMUSING, 

FIRST  THINGS, 

POEMS, 

STORIES  AND  SKETCHES,    • 

VISITOR'S  GUIDE, 

WISE  AND  OTHERWISE, 

WONDERS  AND  BEAUTIES, 

BUSINESS  GUIDE,  - 


PAGE. 
85 

17 
197 

26O 
215 
85 
133 
300 


. 

Abraham  Lincoln,  Hon.  Isaac  N.   Arnold's   Story    of 

(Black  Hawk  War) 105 

Amusing  Indignation  Meeting,  An 100 

Amusing  Story  of  a  Script-Ticket,  "Good  for  a  Drink" ...  88 
Army  from  Danville,  111.,  to  Kescue  Chicago  from  Indian 

Massacre,  An 53 

Arnold's  Personal  Experience  in   the  Great  Fire,  Hon. 

Isaac  N 123 

IB 

Bear  Story,  Judge  Caton's  Chicago 92 

Beaubien,  Mark,  Chicago's  Early  Fiddler 91 

Bits  of  History 130 

Bloody  Hand,  The ' 288 

Board  of  Trade 166 

Boulevards 133 

Bridge  Story,  A 169 

Bridges,  The  Turning  169 

Bross,  Cook  County  in  1831,  Sketched  by  Ex-Lieut.  Gov.  96 

o 

Campbell  Park 144 

Caton's  Bear  Story,  Judge 92 

Central  Park 141 

Chicago,  Ind 27 

Chicago  Lumber  Yards 164 

Chicago,  The  Name 17,  186,  187 

Chicago,  Va 26 

Chicago  Water  Works 146 

Chicago,  Yesterday  and  To-day,  by  Gen.  Strong 180 

(IX) 


X  •     CONTENTS. 

Chicago's  Early  Fiddler 91 

Chicago's  First  Church 70 

Chicago's  First  Irishman 93 

Chicago's  First  Minister 70 

Chicago's  First  Wedding 79 

Church,  The  First 70 

City  Hall 176 

Clock  Peddler  Flanked  an  Early  Law,  How  a  Yankee. ...  87 

Congress  Park , 144 

Cook  County  in  1831,  Sketched  by  Ex-Lieut.  Gov.  Bross.  96 

Court  House 176 

Crib,  The  Lake 150 

Custom  House 156 

ID 

Dearborn  Park 144 

Devil,  Parson  Hinton's  Sensational  Lectures  on  the 107 

Douglas  Monument 172 

Douglas  Park 144 

Drinks,  Eegulating  the  Price  of Ill 

IE 

Elevators 161 

Ellis  Park  144 

Escape,  A  Narrow 118 

.Explosion,  A  Eemarkable 293 

IF 

Ferry,  The  First 65 

Fiddler,  Chicago's  Early 91 

Fiftieth  Birthday  of  Chicago,  The 187 

Fire,  A  Dreadful  Scene  in  the  Washington  Street  Tunnel 

During  the  Great 120 

Fire,  A  Man  Saves  His  House  by  Hard  Cider  in  the  Great  122 

Fire,  A  Wedding  Reminiscence  of  the  Great 116 

Fire,  Graphic  Description  of  the  Great 123 

Fire,  How  a  Woman  Was  Saved  in  the  Great 118 


CONTENTS.  XI 

Fire,  How  the  Post-Office  Cat  Saved  Its  Life  in  the  Great.  Ill 
First  Chicago   Visitor,    The,    Sketched   by   Long    John 

Wentworth 19 

First  Church,  The 70 

First  Daily  Newspaper,  The 79 

First  Drawbridge  Across  the  Chicago  River,  The 67 

First  Ferry,  The 65 

First  Irishman,  Chicago's 93 

First  Minister,  The 70 

First  School-Teacher  in  Chicago,  The 66 

First  Settler  on  Chicago  Soil,  The 23 

First  Sunday-School  in  Chicago,  The 69 

First  Things,  Some 130 

First  Wedding,  Chicago's 79 

Fort  Dearborn 28 

Fort  Dearborn  Massacre 30 

Fourth  in  1836,  The 294 

0- 

Getting  on  in  the  World  Without  Money 88 

Ghost,  The  West  Indiana  Street 228 

Ghost  Who  Walked  the  Jail  Yard  at  Midnight,  The 958 

Graphic   Picture   of   Chicago   Yesterday  and  To-day,  A, 

Gen.  Strong 180 

Greeley,  Where  Horace  Got  His  "Go  West,  Young  Man !"  175 


Hand,  The  Bloody 288 

History,  Bits  jof 130 

Horse-Race  on  the  Ice,  A  Laughable  Story  of  a 168 

Hotel  Buildings  of  Chicago 175 

Hotel  Story,  A  Laughable 275 

How  a  New  Dress  Was  Exchanged  for  a  Fortune 104 

How  Chicago  Escaped  Being  the  Paris  of  America 24 

How  the  State  Senators  Were  Tortured 1 10 

How  the  Yankee  Clock  Peddler  Flanked  an  Early  Chicago 

Law..  87 


XII  CONTENTS. 

Hubbard,  Chicago  50  Years  Ago,  Sketched  by  Gurdon  S.  4§ 

Humboldt  Park  .....................................  87 

Hunting  Wolves  Around  Chicago  .....................  62 

I 

Illustrations,  Table  of  ...............................  23 

Indians,  Buying  Chicago  Lands  from  the  ..............  41 

Irishman,  Chicago's  First  ............................  93 

J 

Jefferson  Park  .....................................  142 

Judge  Caton's  Boarding-House,  and  the  Fate  of  the  Land- 

lady's Daughter  ...............................  64 

Judge  Caton's  Chicago  Bear  Story  ....................  92 

Judge  Caton's  First  Night  in  Chicago  .................  64 

L 

Lake  Park  .........................................  144 

Laughable  Court  Work  .................  ."  ............  Ill 

Laughable  Hotel  Story,  A  ...........................  175 

Laughable  Story,  A  .................................  85 

Lincoln  Park  .....  .  .................................  135 

"Long  John's"  Story  of  an  Early  Chicago  Wedding  .....  74 

Love-Letters  in  the  Early  Days  of  Chicago  .............  85 

Lumber  Yards  .....................................  164 

IM: 

Massacre,  A  Thrilling  Adventure   of  a  Survivor  of  the  40 

Massacre,  The  Chicago  ..............................  30 

May-Story,  Phil.  Hoyne's  ............................  291 

Minister,  The  First  ..........................  ".    .....  70 

Money,  Getting  on  in  the  World  Without  ..............  88 

Mule,  A  Phenomenal  ...................  '  .............  287 

Murderer's  Wraith,  The  ..............................  289 

Music  Hall,  A  Floating  ..............................  114 


Name  Chicago,  The  ..........................  17,  186,     187 

Newsboys'  Home,  The  ..............................     193 


CONTENTS.  XIII 

o 

Old  Jack,  The  Singing  Ferryman 114 

DP 

Parks 133 

Par     Central 141 

Park,  Douglas 144 

Park,  South , 140 

Park,  Union 149 

Parks,  Other 144 

Peattie,  Elia  W.,  Story  of  Early  Chicago 260 

Phil  Hoyne's  May-Story 291 

Picture  Gallery  of  Chicago 26 

Post  Office 156 

Post  Office,  The  Early 102 

IR, 

Real  Estate  Transaction,  A  Heavy 41 

Regulating  the  Prices  of  Boarding,  Horse-Feed,  and  the 

Drinks Ill 

Remarkable  Explosion,  A . 298 

River,  The 150 

s 

Scott,  Gen.  Winfield 101 

Script-Ticket  "Good  for  a  Drink,"  A 88 

Singing  Ferryman,  Old  Jack,  The 114 

Slamming  Doors  at  Midnight,  The  Ghost 285 

South  Park 140 

Specters  that  Played  Hob  with  Early  Citizens 283 

Spooks,  Rare  Tales  of 283 

State  Senators  Blown  to  Atoms 110 

St.  James'  Episcopal  Church 77 

Stock  Yards,  Union 158 

Story,  A  Laughable 85 

Story  of  a  Dance,  A  Laughable  Hotel 175 


XIV  CONTENTS. 

Story  of  Early  Chicago,  A,  Elia  W.  Peattie  .............  260 

Story  of  Love-Letters,  A  Laughable  ...................  85 

T 

Tales  of  Spooks,  Bare  ...............................  288 

Telescopic  View  of  the  Chicago  Horizon  50  Years  Ago, 

Sketched  by  a  Resident,  Col.  Gurdon  8.  Hubbard  .......  45 

Tunnels  ...........................................  150 

Tunnel,  Dreadful  Scene  in  the  Washington  Street  ......  120 

TJ 

Union  Park  _____  ...................................  139 

Union  Square.  .  .  ...................................  144 


Vernon  Park  .....................  .  .................     144 

Violets  ............................................       80 

Visitor's  Guide,  The  ................................     215 


Washington  Square  .................................  144 

Water  Works  .......................................  146 

Wedding,  Chicago's  First  ...................  ,  ........  79 

Wedding,  "Long  John's"  Story  of  an  Early  ...........  74 

Wentworth  Franked  Love-Letters,  How  Congressman  ...  85 

Wentworth  Not  Able  to  Pay  for  His  Church  Pew  ........  107 

Wentworth  Beads  to  Citizens  from  New  York  Papers  ____  102 

Wentworth's  Story  of  an  Early  Chicago  Wedding  .......  74 

West  Indiana  Street  Ghost,  The  ......................  285 

Wicker  Park  .......................................  144 

Winnebago  Scare,  The  ..............................  45 

Wraith,  The  Murderer's  .............................  289 

Wraith,  The  Prairie  ................................  284 


CONTENTS  OF  VISITOR'S  GUIDE, 

.A. 

Abbreviations  in  Visitor's  Guide 217 

Academies 241 

Adams  Express 245 

Adventist  Churches , 225 

Advice  for  Pleasure -Seekers 189 

African  Churches,  Methodist  Episcopal 232 

American  Express 245 

Amusement  Places 251 

Asylums 222 

IB 

Baptist  Churches 225 

Baggage  Companies 245 

Baltimore  and  Ohio  Express 245 

Banks 223 

Banks,  Savings 224 

Boundaries,  City 236 

Bridges,  City 237 

Burning  of  Chicago,  The,  Poem,  by  Will  Carleton 200 

Business  Directory 300 

Buying  of  Chicago  Lands  from  the  Indians 41 

o 

Cab  Co.,  Chicago 220 

Cab  Co.,  Gurney,  Phaeton,  and 222 

Cab  Lines 220 

Cab  Ordinance 218 

Cab  Patrons,  Hints  to 221 

Cab  Stands 220 

(XV) 


XVI  CONTENTS  OF  VISITORS'  GUIDE. 

Campbell  Park 250 

Carleton,  The  Burning  of  Chicago,  Poem,  Will 200 

Catholic  Churches,  Eoman 233 

Cautions  to  Travelers : 189,  217 

Cemeteries 224 

Central  Park 250 

Chicago  Est  Delenda,  Poem,  W.  C.  Eichards 212 

Chicago,  Poem,  Bret  Harte 210 

Chicago,  Poem,  John  G.  Whittier 209 

Christian  Churches 226 

Churches v 225 

City  Corporation 235 

City  Express  Companies 245 

City  Officiary 249 

Coach  Ordinances 218 

Colleges 237,  240 

Commercial  Colleges 240 

Companies,  Express 245 

Companies,  Eailroad 252 

Congregational  Churches   226 

Congress  Park 250 

Consuls 237 

Convents 238 

Courts 288 

County  of  Cook  Courts 239 

County  Officiary 249 

ID 

Danish  Baptist  Churches 226 

Danish  Evangelical  Lutheran  Churches 228 

Dearborn  Park 250 

Dental  Colleges 240 

Depositories,  Safe 224 

Depots,  Eailroad,  Freight 252 

Depots,  Eailroad,  Passenger 252 

Dexter  Park..  250 


CONTENTS  OF  VISITORS'  GUIDE.  XVII 

Dispensaries  ........................................  289 

Douglas  Park  ......................................  250 

Dutch  Beformed  Churches  ...........................  227 

IB 

Educational  .........................................  240 

Elevators  ..........................................  244 

Ellis  Park  ............  .............................  250 

Engine  Companies,  Fire  .............................  235 

English  Baptist  Churches  ............................  225 

English  Congregational  Churches  .....................  226 

English  Evangelical  Lutheran  Churches  ...............  229 

Episcopal  Churches,  Protestant  .......................  227 

Episcopal  Eeformed  Churches  ........................  228 

Erie  Express  .......................................  245 

Evangelical    Association  of   North    America,    German, 

Churches  ....................................  228 

Evangelical  Lutheran  Churches  .......................  228 

Evangelical  Eeformed  Churches  ......................  230 

Evangelical  United  Churches  .........................  230 

Exposition,  Inter-State  ..............................  174 

Express  Companies  .................................  245 


Fire  Alarm  and  Police  Telegraph  .....................  236 

Fire  Alarm  Signals  ..................................  236 

Fire  Alarm  Stations  .................................  236 

Fire  Department,  City  ...............................  235 

FortDearborn  ......................................  196 

Fort  Dearborn  Memorial,  The  ........................  196 

Free  Methodist  Churches  ............................  252 

Free  Will  Baptist  Churches  ..........................  226 

Freight  Depots,  Kailroad  ......................    .....  252 

Friendless,  Home  for  the  ............................  193 

Funds'  Meeting  Houses  .............................  230 


XVIII  CONTENTS  OF  VISITORS'  GUIDE. 

o- 

GagePark  .........................................  250 

Garfield  Park  ......................................  250 

General  Offices,  Eailroad  .............................  252 

German  Baptist  Churches  ...........................  226 

German  Congregational  Churches  .....................  227 

German  Evangelical  Lutheran  Churches  ...............  229 

German  Methodist  Episcopal  Churches  ................  232 

Government  Officers  ................................  246 

Government  Offices  .................................  246 

Grant  Monument  ...................................  256 

Groveland  Park  ....................................  250 

Guide,  Business  ....................................  300 

Guide,  Visitor's  .....................................  215 


Hack  Ordinance  ....................................  218 

Hall,  Eugene  J.,  Fort  Dearborn  Memorial,  Poem  ........  197 

Halls,  Music  .......................................  251 

Halls,  Public  .......................................  251 

Hansom  Cab  Co  ....................................  220 

Harte,  Bret,  Chicago,  Poem  ..........................  210 

Home  for  the  Friendless  .............................  193 

Home,  Newsboys'  ...................................  193 

Hospitals  ..........................................  246 

Hotels  .............................................  247 

Humboldt  Park  .....................................  250 

I 

Illustrations,  Table  of  ...............................  23 

Independent  Churches  ..............................  230 

Independent  Evangelical  Lutheran  Churches  .........  '.  229 

Indian  Monument  ..................................  25G 

Industrial  Exhibition  ................................  1  74 

Inter-State  Exposition  ................................  174 


CONTENTS  OF  VISITORS'  GUIDE.  XIX 


Jackson  Park  ......................................  250 

Jefferson  Park  ............  :  ........................  250 

Jewish  Synagogues  .................................  230 

Judiciary  ..........................................  248 

IK: 

Kindergartens  ......................................  241 


Lake  Park  ................................  ;  ........  250 

Legal  Colleges  .......................................  240 

Libraries  ..........................................  248 

Lincoln  Monument  .....  ............................  256 

Lincoln  Park  ......................................  250 

Literary  Colleges  ...................................  240 

IM: 

Medical  Colleges  ....................................  240 

Memorial  of  Fort  Dearborn  ..........................  196 

Memorial  of  Fort  Dearborn,  Poem,  Eugene  J.  Hall  ......  197 

Methodist  Episcopal  Churches  ........................  230 

Methodist  Episcopal  Missions  .........................  231 

Military  ...........................................  248 

Miscellaneous  Churches  ..............................  235 

Missions,  Baptist  ...................................  226 

Missions,  Congregationalist  ..........................  227 

Missions,  Methodist  Episcopal  ........................  231 

Missions,  Presbyterian  ..............................  233 

Monument,  Douglas  .................................  172 

Monument,  Grant  ...................................  256 

Monument,  Indian  .  .  !  ..............  ................  256 

Monument,  Lincoln  .................................  256 

Monument,  Schiller  .................................  256 

Monuments,  Public  .................................  256 

Museums  ..........................................  282 

Musical  Colleges  ....................................  240 


XX  CONTENTS  OF  VISITORS'  GUIDE. 

Music  Halls  ........................................     240 


New  England  Express  ...............................  245 

Newsboys'  Home  ....................................  193 

Norwegian  Evangelical  Lutheran  Churches  .............  229 

Norwegian  Churches,  Methodist  Episcopal  ..............  232 

o 

Officers,  Government  ................................  246 

Offices,  Government  .................................  246 

Offices,  Kailroad  .......................  .  ............  252 

Offices,  General  Eailroad  .............................  252 

Offices,  Railroad  Freight  .............................  252 

Offices,  Eailroad  Passenger  ..........................  252 

Offices,  Eailroad  Ticket  ..............................  252 

Officiary  ..........................................  249 

Officiary,  Chicago  City  ...............................  249 

Officiary,  Cook  County  ..............................  249 

Opera  Houses  ......................................  251 

Ordinance,  Cab  .....................................  218 

Ordinance,  Coach  ...................................  218 

Ordinance,  Expressmen  ..............................  220 

IP 

Pacific  Express  .....................................  245 

Panoramas  .........................................  250 

Parks  ......................................  .  ........  250 

Passenger  Depots,  Eailroad  ..........................  252 

Pharmaceutical  Colleges  .............................  241 

Poetry  ...........................................  197 

Police  Courts  .........................  .'  .............  239 

Police  Stations  .....................................  239 

Police  Telegraph  ...................................  236 

Porters,  Public  .....................................  219 

Post  Office  .........................................  251 

Post  Offices,  Branch  ................................  251 


CONTENTS  OF  VISITORS'  GUIDE.  XXI 

Presbyterian  Churches  ..............................  232 

Presbyterian  Churches,  Scotch  ........................  283 

Presbyterian  Churches,  United  .......................  233 

Professional  Colleges  ................................  240 

Public  Monuments  ........................  ..........  256 


Railroad  Depots  ....................................  252 

Eailroad  Expresses  .................................  245 

Railroad  Freight  Depots  ..................  ...........  252 

Railroad  General  Offices  .............................  252 

Railroad  Lines,  City  ................................  237 

Railroad  Passenger  Depots  .............  ..............  252 

Railroad  Ticket  Offices.  ...  ...........................  252 

Railroads  ..........................................  252 

Rates,  Cab  Distance  ................................  221 

Rates,  Cab  Hour  ...........  •  .......................  221 

Reading  Rooms  .....................................  248 

Richards,  Wm.  C.,  Chicago  Est  Delenda,  Poem  .........  212 

Roman  Catholic  Churches  ...........................  233 

s 

Safe  Depositories  ..................  .................  224 

Schiller  Monument  .................................  256 

Schools,  Grammar  ..................................  242 

Schools,  High  ....................  •  .................  241 

Schools,  Primary  ...................................  243 

Schools,  Public  .....................................  241 

Scotch  Presbyterian  Churches  ........................  233 

Seminaries  .........................................  241 

Signals  for  Fire  Alarm  .............................  236 

South  Park  ...............................  .........  251 

Spiritualists  .......................................  234 

State  of  Illinois  Court  ...............................  239 

Stations  of  Fire  Alarm  ..............................  236 

Stations,  Police  .....................................  289 

Stations,  Postal  ....................................  251 


XXII  CONTENTS  OF  VISITORS'  GUIDE. 

Swedenborgian  Temples  .............................  284 

Swedish  Baptist  Churches  ...........................  226 

Swedish  Evangelical  Lutheran  Churches  ...............  229 

Swedish  Methodist  Episcopal  Churches  ................  238 

T 

Telegraph,  Fire  Alarm  and  Police  .....................  236 

Theaters  ...........................................  251 

Ticket  Offices,  Railroad  ..............................  252 

Trotting  Park  ......................................  166 

Tunnels,  City  ......................................  237 

TJ 

Union  Park  ........................................  250 

Union  Stock  Yards  .................................  158 

Unitarian  Churches  .................................  235 

United  Presbyterian  Churches  .  .  .  .$  ...................  238 

United  States  Courts  ................................  239 

United  States  Express  ...............................  245 

United  States  Officiary  .............................  249 


Vernon  Park  ......  .  ................................     251 

Veterinary  Colleges  .................................     241 

Visitor's  Guide,  The  ................................     215 


Washington  Park  ...................................  251 

Washington  Square  Park  ............................  251 

Waterworks,  City  ..................................  237 

Welsh  Congregational  Churches  ......................  227 

Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.  Express  .........  .  ................  246 

Whittier,  John  G.,  Chicago,  Poem  ....................  209 

Wicker  Park  .......  i  ...............................  251 

Woodlawn  Park..  251 


ARCHING  THE  TUNNEL 153 

AT  PLAY  IN  THE  PARK 145 

AUDIPHONE 6 

BOARD  OF  TRADE  BUILDING 165 

BOARD  OF  TRADE  BUILDING,  OLD 854 

BOOTBLACK,  A 192 

BUSINESS  CENTER  OP  CHICAGO,  BURNED  IN  A  NIGHT 124 

CAB,  CHICAGO  HANSOM 220 

CAB,  GURNET 222 

CAT,  OLD  POST-OFFICE 121 

CHICAGO  A  YEAR  AFTER  THE  GREAT  FIRE 84 

CHICAGO,  BIRD'S-EYE  VIEW  OF  BUSINESS 181 

CHICAGO  IN  1852 4 

CHICAGO  IN  1820 47 

CHICAGO  ONE  DAY  AFTER  THE  FIRE 127 

CHICAGO  POST-OFFICE 103 

CHICAGO  Six  YEARS  AFTER  THE  MASSACRE 42 

CHICAGO  WATER  WORKS 147. 

CHICAGO  WATER  WORKS,  OLD 146 

CITY  HALL  AND  COURT  HOUSE,  WASHINGTON  STREET  FRONT..  173 

COURT  HOUSE  (BURNED,  1871),  THE  OLD 177 

COURT  HOUSE,  CLARK  STREET  FRONT 178 

CRIB  IN  THE  LAKE,  THE 151 

DEARBORN  STREET  BRIDGE,  OLD 68 

DOUGLAS  MONUMENT,  THE 173 

DREXEL  BOULEVARD  AND  SOUTH  PARK 133 

ELEVATOR  AND  LUMBER  YARDS 163 

ENGINES  AT  WATER  WORKS,  THE 149 

EXPOSITION  BUILDING,  THE 174 

FATHER  MARQUETTE  ON  His  JOURNEY  IN  1674 21 

FIRE  AS  SEEN  FROM  THE  LAKE,  THE  GREAT  117 

FIRST  CHICAGO  VISITORS,  THE 19 

FIRST  FAMILY  RESIDENCE  IN  CHICAGO 25 

FIRST  HOTEL  IN  CHICAGO,  THE 61 

FIRST  SETTLER  ON  CHICAGO  SOIL,  THE 23 

FLAG,  UNION 297 

FORT  DEARBORN  AS  REBUILT  IN  1816 29 

FORT  DEARBORN  FROM  THE  NORTHEAST 37 

FORT  DEARBORN,  SITE  OF 199 

(XXIII) 


XXIV  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

FORT  DEARBORN,  THE  ORIGINAL,  BUILT  IN  1804 28 

GEN.  CLARK,  AFTER  WHOM  CLARK  STREET,  WAS  NAMED 26 

''GONE,  BUT  NOT  FORGOTTEN" 258 

GRANT  MONUMENT,  THE 257 

HOME  FOR  THE  FRIENDLESS 8,  194 

INDIAN,  AN 25 

INDIAN  VILLAGE,  THE  19 

KINZIE'S  HOUSE,  JOHN 25,  195 

LAKE  SHORE  DRIVE  AT  LINCOLN  PARK 136 

LUMBERYARDS 163 

MAPS  OF  CHICAGO 255,  298 

MONUMENT,  DOUGLAS 173 

MONUMENT,  GRANT 257 

MONUMENT,  SCHILLER 259 

OGDEN,  WM.  B FRONTISPIECE. 

OLD  POST-OFFICE  CAT 121 

PARK,  AT  PLAY  IN  THE 191 

PARK  VIEW,  A 196 

PARK  VIEWS 143 

PATROL,  THE  POLICE 75 

PEACEFUL  HOME  OF  EARLIER  DAYS,  THE 44 

PHOSNIX,  THE  CHICAGO 211 

PIONEER,  THE 183 

PIONEER  HOME,  THE 50 

POLICE  PATROL,  THE 75 

POST-OFFICE 103 

POST-OFFICE  CAT,  THE  OLD 121 

PRESBYTERIAN  HOSPITAL 6 

RUSTIC  BRIDGE,  ETC.,  IN  UNION  PARK.  ; 142 

SCHILLER  MONUMENT 259 

SECTIONAL  VIEW  OF  CRIB,  TUNNEL,  WATER  WORKS,  ETC 154 

SECTIONAL  VIEW  OF  LA  SALLE  STREET  TUNNEL 157 

SECTIONAL  VIEW  OF  WEST  SIDE  WATER  WORKS,  TUNNEL,  ETC.  155 

SPOOK,  A 290 

STOCK  YARDS  AND  TRANSIT  HOUSE 158 

STORE  OF  W.  M.  HOYT 1&9 

SUPPOSED  ORIGIN  OF  THE  GREAT  FIRE 129 

TRANSIT  HOUSE 158 

TROTTING  PARK 167 

TUNNEL,  ARCHING  THE 153 

UNION  FLAG 297 

UNION  STOCK  YARDS 159 

VIEW  IN  JEFFERSON  PARK.  .                    142 


ILLUSTRATIONS. 


XXT 


VIEW  IN  UmoN  PARK 138 

VIEW  OP  FOUNTAIN  IN  LINCOLN  PAKK 134 

VIEW  ON  CHICAGO  RIVER,  WITH  TURNING  BRIDGE 170 

VIEW  ON  DEARBORN  AVENUE  BEFORE  THE  FIRE. 109 

WATER  TANKS  AT  STOCK  YARDS 160 

WATER  WORKS,  ASHLAND  AVENUE 152 

WATER  WORKS,  CHICAGO  AVENUE 147 

WOLF  HUNT  IN  EARLY  DAYS,  A 68 


• 


CHICAGO 


RAILROADS.  DEPOT 

•Baltimore  4  Ohio, 

Chicago  4  Alton,.  3 

Chicago*  Atlantic,  /I 

Chicago.  Burlington  4  Qulncy.  3 
Chicago  4  Eastern  Illinois, 

rand  Trunk,  6 

Chicago, 'Milwaukee  4  St.Eaul,  3 

Chicago  4  North  Western.  S 

Chicago,  Hock  Island  4  Tactfc,  4 

Chicago,  St. Louis  £  Plttiburgy  8 
Chicago,  4  Western. Indiana. 


Share-ft  MTchij»n  Southerny  < 
tf.e.  ISt  \Loul«Tille,  Tfew  ilbanj  4  Chicago,  « 
ichigan  Central,  1 

York,  Chfcjfgpi  6 

Wa/ne  4  Chicago,        3 
h,  St.Louis  4  Pacinc, 


DEPOT 

OF 

ICAGvQ 


FIRST  THINGS. 


The  Name. 

_^_ 

The  first  geo- 
graphical notice  of 
Chicago,  is  found 
i  n  a  map  dated 
Quebec,  Canada. 
1688,  on  which 
k'  Fort  Checagou  " 
occupies  the  exact 
location  of  the  pres- 
ent city,  and  the 
form  of  Lake  Mich- 
igan is  represented 
quite  correctly. 

In  an  atlas,  pub- 
lished in  1696,  by 
Le  Sieur  Sanson, 
"Geographer  to  the 
King,"  we  find  the 
whole  Mississippi 

River,  from  its  origin  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  is  named  "  Cha- 

caqua."    In  other  old  works  it  is  called  the  "  Chacaqua,  or 

Divine  River." 
A  manuscript,  purporting  to  have  been  written  in  ]  726 

by  M.  de  Ligny,  at  Green  Bay,  and  brought  from  France 

[17]  2 


18  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

by  General  Cass,  mentions  the  place  as  "  Chicagoux; "  and 
that  name  is  found  to  occur  several  times  in  the  official 
correspondence  of  the  earlier  years  of  the  present  century. 

The  name  of  "  Chicago "  has  been  interpreted  to  mean 
"'  Wild  Onion,"  after  the  herb  which  once  grew  profusely 
on  the  banks  of  the  river.  But  the  above  historical  facts 
tend  to  prove  that  the  word  had  a  much  nobler  meaning; 
added  to  which  we  know  that  the  word  Checaque  was  used 
HO  the  name  of  thunder,  or  the  voice  of  the  Great  Manitou. 
If  we  include  this  supernatural  factor,  Chicago  might  be 
called  the  "  Divine  City,"  or,  more  literally,  "  A  Thunder- 
ing City." 

It  has  been  suggested,  however,  that  all  of  the  above  in- 
tentions may  be  harmonized,  if  we  atttach  to  the  name  the 
meaning  of  "  strong,"  as  it  is  well  known  that  the  Indian 
speech  contained  many  more  of  these  incongruous  congru- 
ities  than  are  to  be  found  in  the  languages  of  the  present 
day. 


FIRST  THINGS. 


19 


The  First  Chicago   Visit- 
ors.  -Sketched  By  "  Long 


s    John  "  Wentworth. 

Thosebestac- 
quainted  with  In- 
dian antiquities  give 
Chicago  a  far-reach- 
past.     As  there 
Iwere  Indians  before 
jthe  discovery  of  the 
^continent,  there 
Imust  have  been  con- 
jspicuous    and    cen- 
jtral  points  for  coun- 
cils, and  Chicago  was  undoubtedly  one  of  them. 

The  name,  or  its  spelling,  or  its  pronunciation,  may  have 
been  different.  But  the  Indians  were  not  troubled  with 
dictionaries  or  spelling-books.  There  were  no  spelling- 
schools  among  them.  No  book  agent  ever  annoyed  their 
Boards  of  Education. 


20  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

John  Quincy  Adams  (says  Mr.  Wentworth)  whose  seat 
was  near  mine  in  Congress,  seeing  me  write  "  Chicago," 
said:  "That's  the  way  everybody  spells  it  now;  but,  under 
my  Administration  no  two  Government  officers,  writing 
from  there,  ever  spelled  it  the  same  way."  He  repeated 
over  a  long  list  of  the  various  ways  in  which  it  was  for- 
merly spelled. 

Then  he  said:  "I  see  you  have  not  settled  upon  your 
pronunciation  yet,  as  members  of  your  own  delegation  pro- 
nounce it  differently,"  as  we  then  did. 

The  first  written  account  of  the  Northwest  bears  the 
date  of  1654,  when  two  French  fur-traders  from  Canada 
visited  this  country,  and  two  years  after  returned  and  gave 
such  glowing  descriptions  of  the  region  as  excited  a  gen- 
eral disposition  to  explore  it. 

Yet  there  may  have  been  white  men  in  Chicago  even  be- 
fore that  time.  It  is  claimed  that  there  was  a  missionary 
station  at  Mackinaw  about  1607.  The  place  thereof  is 
still  known  as  Point  Ignace.  It  was  there  that  the  remains 
of  Father  James  Marquette  were  taken,  about  1720,  from 
the  banks  of  Marquette  River, 'over  in  Michigan,  where  he 
died  May  18,  1675. 

In  1700  there  were  thirty-Jive  of  these  missionary  sta- 
tions or  quasi-military  posts  located  all  the  way  from 
Frontenac  (now  Kingston),  on  Lake  Ontario,  via  Detroit, 
Mackinaw,  Green  Bay,  Chicago,  Peoria,  St.  Louis,  etc.,  to 
New  Orleans.  About  the  same  time  there  was  another 
route  by  land,  via  Fort  Wayne,  to  Chicago. 

Their  route  out  of  Chicago  was  down  the  north  fork  of 
the  South  Branch  through  Mud  Lake,  then  called  le  petit 
lac,  to  the  Desplaines  River,  and  generally  in  the  same  little 
boats  with  which  they  had  passed  over  the  lakes  of  the  east. 

Marquette  was  undoubtedly  the  first  white  man  who  tar- 
ried any  length  of  time  in  Chicago.  He  was  undoubtedly 


FIRST  THINGS.  21 

our  first  clergyman.  The  church,  however,  in  which  he 
preached  was  spared  the  necessity  of  extinguishment  in  the 
Chicago  fire. 

The  following  extracts  from  Father  Marquette's  journal 
are  interestingly  descriptive  of  the  early  surroundings  at 
Chicago  in  his  day: 

"  Dec.  4,  1674. — We  started  well  to  reach  Portage 
River  (Chicago  River),  which  was  frozen  half  a  foot 
thick.  There  was  more  snow  there  than  anywhere 


[The  first  Chicago  visitor,  Father  Marquette,  on  his  journey,  ial674.] 

else,  and  also  more  tracks  of  animals  and  turkeys.  The  land 
along  the  shore  is  good  for  nothing,  except  on  the  prairies. 
Deer-hunting  is  pretty  good  as  you  get  away  from  the  Pot- 
tawatamies. 

"  Dec.  12. — We  could  not  say  mass  on  the  Feast  of  the 
Conception  on  account  of  the  bad  weather  and  the  cold. 
During  our  stay  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  Pierre  and 
Jacques  killed  three  buffalo  and  four  deer,  one  of  which 
ran  quite  a  distance  with  his  heart  cut  in  two.  They  con- 
tented themselves  with  killing  three  or  four  turkeys  of  the 


22  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

many  which  were  around  our  cabin  (probably  an  Indian 
wigwam,  which  were  sometimes  called  cabins),  because  they 
were  almost  dying  of  hunger.  Jacques  brought  in  a  part- 
ridge (prairie  chicken)  that  he  had  killed,  every  way  re- 
sembling those  of  France,  except  that  it  had  like  two  little 
wings  of  three  or  four  feathers,  a  finger  long,  near  the  head, 
with  which  they  cover  the  two  sides  of  the  neck  where  there 
are  no  feathers. 

"  March  30. — The  north  wind  having  prevented  the  thaw 
till  the  25th  of  March,  it  began  with  a  southerly  wind. 
The  next  day  game  began  to  appear;  we  killed  thirty  wild 
pigeons.  On  the  28th  the  ice  broke  and  choked  above  us. 
On  the  29th  the  water  was  so  high  that  we  had  barely  time 
to  uncabin  in  haste,  put  our  things  on  trees,  and  try  to  find  a 
place  to  sleep  on  some  hillock,  the  water  gaining  all  night. 

"March  31. — Besides  this  outlet  the  river  has  an- 
other (meaning  the  Desplaines),  by  which  we  must  de- 
scend. Only  the  very  high  grounds  escape  inundation. 
That  where  we  are  has  increased  more  than  twelve  feet. 
Here  we  began  our  portage  more  than  eighteen  months 
ago.  Geese  and  ducks  pass  constantly.  We  contented  our- 
selves with  seven." 

In  May,  1675,  Marquette  returned  and  passeql  out  of  the 
Chicago  River  to  the  other  side  of  the  lake  and  to  the 
eternal  shores  beyond.  He  died  on  his  way  to  Mackinaw, 
May  18th,  1675,  in  his  38th  year,  and  was  buried  on  the 
banks  of  the  stream  which  now  bears  his  name. 

Father  Marquette  was  a  native  of  France,  who  after  re- 
ceiving a  suitable  education  devoted  himself  to  the  cause  of 
his  Master.  It  was  this  work  which  brought  him  to  the 
New  World,  in  which  he  labored  faithfully  until  death 
He  was  a  man  of  fine  intelligence  and  remarkable  industry 
and  well  deserves  the  monument  recently  erected  to  his 
name  on  the  shores  of  Lake  Michigan. 


FIRST  THINGS.  23 

The  First  Settler  on  Chicago  Soil-And  What  Became  of  His  "  Claim." 

It  is  a  little  sin- 
gular, "  in  the  natu- 
ral order  of  things," 
that  the  '  'first  set- 
tler "  of  Chicago 
should  have  been  a 
negro,  all  the  way 
from  San  Domingo. 
Nevertheless  this  is 
the  historical  fact. 
His  name  was  Jean 
Baptiste  Point  au 
Sable,  and  he 
"  drove  his  stakes  "  in  1796  in  the  neighborhood  of  Dearborn 
and  Water  streets,  where  he  built  a  rude  hut,  and  "  laid 
claim  "  to  the  surrounding  country. 

He  did  his  best  to  ingratiate  himself  into  the  affections 
of  the  Indians,  with  the  idea  of  becoming  a  chief.  When 
this  point  was  accomplished  he  intended  to  send  back  for 
more  of  his  fellow-countrymen,  and  plant  a  San  Domingo 
colony  on  the  banks  of  the  Chicago  River  and  the  adjacent 
prairies. 

After  residing  here  a  few  years,  and  meeting  with  poor 
success  in  becoming  a  chief,  he  removed  to  Feoria,  then 
known  as  Fort  Clark,  where  he  died.  A  Frenchman,  Le 
Mai,  a  trader,  succeeded  the  negro  settler  in  his  dwelling 
and  claim,  who,  after  several  years'  occupation,  sold  in  turn 
to  a  man  subsequently  of  note  in  the  settlement,  John  Kin- 
zie,  who  was  then  residing  with  his  family  at  the  mouth  of 
the  St.  Joseph  River,  on  the  eastern  shore  of  the  lake,  now  in 
Michigan.  Mr.  Kinzie,  at  this  time,  was  the  agent  of  Astor's 


24  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

celebrated  American  Fur  Company.  He  held  possession  of  the 
negro's  claim,  and  subsequently  enlarged  "the  original  hut" 
and  otherwise  changed  it  into  a  comfortable  dwelling  which,  in 
1804,  he  and  his  family  made  their  place  of  abode.  This  was 
the  first  "family  house  "  erected  in  Chicago. 


How  Chicago  Escaped  Being  a  French  City  and  the  Paris  of  America. 

Chicago  was  essentially  French  until  the  erection  of  Fort 
Dearborn,  in  1804,  which  brought  the  English  language  on 
the  shores  of  Lake  Michigan. 

When  the  last  war  between  Great  Britain  and  France 
broke  out  on  the  American  Continent,  the  French  had  ex- 
tended their  power  up  the  Ohio  River,  as  far  as  Fort  Du 
Quesne,  now  Pittsburg,  and  were  contemplating  a  line  of 
militia-posts  from  that  place  to  Lake  Ontario. 

Had  they  succeeded  in  this,  and  held  their  power  on  this 
continent,  Chicago  would  certainly  have  been  a  French  city, 
and,  in  all  probability,  the  Paris  of  America;  with  the 
General  Assembly  here,  composed  of  delegates  from  Hali- 
fax, Quebec,  Montreal,  St.  Louis,  New  Orleans,  and  the 
Pacific  cities. 

When  the  French  defeated  the  British  forces  at  Fort  Du 
Quesne,  and  left  their  Commander--in-Chief,  Gen.  Braddock, 
dead  upon  the  battle-field,  they  thought  they  had  inflicted 
a  fatal  blow  upon  British  power  in  America;  but  they  in- 
flicted a  greater  one  when  they  left  alive  upon  the  same 
battle-field  the  juvenile  George  Washington,  destined  so 
soon  to  lead  to  glory  the  colonists,  spurred  to  battle  by  the 
eloquence  of  John  Adams  in  Faneuil  Hall,  and  of  Patrick 
Henry  in  the  House  of  Burgesses  of  Yirginia. 

After  the  treaty   of  peace  between  Great  Britain  and 


26  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

France,  in  1763,  by  which  the  Canadas  were  ceded  to  Great 
Britain,  our  relations  to  the  two  countries  were  entirely 
reversed.  '  ""•* 

And  by  the  treaty  with  Gen.  Anthony  Wayne  with  the 
Indians  at  Greenville,  O.,  in  1795,  the  Indians  ceded  to  the 
United  States:  "  One  piece  of  land,  six  miles  square,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Chicajo  River,  emptying  into  the  southwest 
end  of  Lake  Michigan,  where  a  fort  formerly  stood."  This 
was  an  old  French  fort,  probably  built  over  100  years  be- 
fore, by  the  earliest  French  explorers.  This  was  the  first 
transaction,  on  record,  in  Chicago  real  estate.  Gen.  "Wayne 
(says  "  Long  John  ")  spelled  Chicago  with  a  "  j."  The  baby's 
name  in  1795  was  "jo."  He  had  not  got  the  "go"  then. 
It  was  Chica — jo. 


Chicago,  Va. 


[Gen  G.  R.  Clark,  after  whom  Clark  St.,  Chicago,  was  named,) 

Under  the  conquest  of  Gen.  George  Rogers  Clark,  whose 


FIRST  THItfGS.    ,  27 

expedition  Virginia  had  fitted  out,  and  the  expenses  of 
which  were  never  refunded,  that  State  claimed  the  whole 
Chicago  country.  In  1778  her  Legislature  created  the 
County  of  Illinois,  embracing  all  the  State  of  Illinois. 

The  address  was  then  " Chicago,  Va"  And  but  for  the 
ordinance  of  1787,  which  ceded  the  Northwestern  Territory 
to  the  United  States,  according  to  Mr.  Wentworth's  face- 
tious remark:  "Chicago  might  have  been  raising  slaves 
up  to  the  time  of  Lincoln's  Proclamation,  and  the  white 
laborers,  who  have  done  so  much  for  the  development  ot  the 
city,  been  entirely  excluded.  As  it  was,  we  were  only  com- 
pelled to  catch  the  slaves  that  others  raised,  whilst  follow- 
ing the  old  Indian  trail  to  Canada  and  freedom." 


Chicago,  Ind. 

In  1800  Illinois  was  organized  into  a  Territory  with 
Indiana,  under  the  name  of  Indiana  Territory,  with  Gen. 
William  Henry  Harrison  as  Governor.  The  seat  of  gov- 
ernment was  Yincennes,  Ind.,  and  then  all  were  Hoosiers. 

The  address  was  "  Chicago,  Ind."  This  state  of  things 
continued  for  about  nine  years,  when  the  name  of  "  Hoosier" 
was  changed  to  that  of  "  Sucker,"  by  the  organization  of 
what  was  called  the  "Illinois  Territory"  with  Kinian 
Edwards  as  Governor,  and  with  the  seat  of  government  at 
Kaskaskia.  This  took  place  in  1809. 

It  was,  however,  under  the  Hoosier  administration  that 
Fort  Dearborn  was  erected  in  1804,  and  named  after  Gen, 
Henry  Dearborn,  a  conspicuous  officer  in  the  American 
Revolution,  and  afterwards  Secretary  ot  War. 


28  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

Fort  Dearborn. 

Fort  Dearborn  was  built  by  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment in  1804,  and  garrisoned  with  about  fifty  men  and 
three  pieces  of  artillery.  Its  location  was  on  the  south 
bank  of  the  river,  just  east  of  Rush  Street  Bridge. 

It  had  two  block  houses,  one  on  the  south-east  corner,  the 
other  at  the  northwest.  On  the  north  side  was  a  sally-port, 
or  subterranean  passage,  leading  from  the  parade  ground 
to  the  river,  designed  as  a  place  of  escape  in  an  emergency, 


[The  original  Fort  Dearborn,  as  built  in  1804.] 

or  for  supplying  the  garrison  with  water  in  time  of  siege. 
The  whole  was  inclosed  by  a  strong  palisade  of  wooden 
pickets.  The  ground  adjoining  on  the  south  side  was  in- 
closed and  cultivated  as  a  garden.  Up  to  the  time  of  its 
erection  no  white  man  had  made  his  home  in  this  region. 

For  eight  years  the  garrison  was  quiet,  and  the  traders 
were  prosperous,  the  number  of  the  latter  having  been  con- 
siderably increased.  Then  the  United  States  became  in- 
volved in  trouble  with  Great  Britain,  which  finally  broke 
out  into  the  war-flame.  The  Indians  took  the  war-path 


FIRST  THINGS. 


29 


long  before  the  declaration  of  hostilities  between  the  two 
civilized  nations.  This  resulted  finally  in  the  awful  "Fort 
Dearborn  massacre,"  iri  which  the  fort  was  burned. 

For  four  years  after  this  terrible  event  the  place  was  de- 
serted by  all  save  the  Indians.  Even  the  fur-traders  did 
not  care  to  visit  the  scene  of  so  much  disaster,  and  Chicago 
seemed  to  have  been  remanded  into  aboriginal  darkness.- 


[Fort  Dearborn  ax  rebuilt  in  18! ;.; 

Iii  1816  the  fort  was  rebuilt,  under  the  direction  of  Capt 
Bradley,  and  was  thereafter  occupied  continuously  by 
United  States  troops  for  twenty-one  years,  except  for  a 
short  time  in  1831.  In  1837  it  was  abandoned,  as  the  In- 
dians had  been  removed  far  to  the  westward.  The  fort 
stood,  however,  till  1856,  when  it  was  demolished. 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 
Fort  Dearborn  Massacre— A  Thrilling  Story  by  an  Eye-Witness. 

It  was  on  the  morning 
of   the   15th  of   August, 
,/ 1812,  that  Fort  Dearborn, 
by  military  authority,  was 
evacuated. 

As  the  troops  left  the 
fort  the  band  struck  up  the 
Dead  March.  Captain 
Wells  took  the  lead,  at  the  head  of  his  little  band  of  Miarnis. 
He  had  blackened  his  face  before  leaving  the  garrison,  in  to- 
ken of  his  impending  fate.  They  took  their  route  along  the 
lake  shore.  When  they  reached  the  point  where  commenced 
a  range  of  sand-hills  intervening  between  the  prairie  and 
the  beach,  the  escort  of  Pottawatamies,  in  number  about 
five  hundred,  kept  the  level  of  the  prairie,  instead  of  contin- 
uing along  the  beach  with  the  Americans  and  Miamis. 

They  had  marched  perhaps  a  mile  and  a  half,  when  Cap- 
tain Wells,  who  had  kept  somewhat  in  advance  with  his 
Miamis,  came  riding  furiously  back.  "  They  are  about  to 
attack  us,"  shouted  he  ;  "  form  instantly,  and  charge  upon 
them." 

Scarcely  were  the  words  uttered  when  a  volley  was  show- 
ered from  among  the  sand-hills.  The  troops  were  hastily 
brought  into  line,  and  charged  up  the  bank.  One  man,  a 
veteran  of  seventy  summers,  fell  as  they  ascended.  The  re- 
mainder of  the  scene  is  best  described  in  the  words  of  an 
eye-witness,  Mrs.  Helm,  the  wife  of  Captain  Helm,  and  step- 
daughter of  Mr.  Kinzie  : 

"  After  we  had  left  the  bank,"  says  Mrs.  Helm,  "  the  firing 
became  general.  The  Miamis  fled  at  the  outset.  Their  chief 
rode  up  to  the  Pottawatamies  and  said  : 

" '  You  have  deceived  the  Americans  and  us.     You  have 


FIRST  THINGS.  31 

done  a  bad  action,  and  (brandishing  his  tomahawk)  I  will 
be  the  first  to  head  a  party  of  Americans  to  return  and  pun- 
ish your  treachery.'  So  saying,  he  galloped  after  his  com- 
panions, who  were  now  scouring  across  the  prairies. 

"  The  troops  behaved  most  gallantly.  They  were  but  a 
handful,  but  they  seemed  resolved  to  sell  their  lives  as  dearly 
as  possibly.  Our  horses  pranced  and  bounded,  and  could 
hardly  be  restrained  as  the  balls  whistled  among  them.  I 
drew  off  a  little,  and  gazed  upon  my  husband  and  father, 
who  were  yet  unharmed.  I  felt  that  my  hour  was  come, 
and  endeavored  to  forget  those  I  loved,  and  prepare  myself 
for  my  approaching  fate. 

"  While  I  was  thus  engaged,  the  Surgeon,  Dr.  Yan  Yoor- 
hees,  came  up.  He  was  badly  wounded.  His  horse  had 
been  shot  under  him,  and  he  had  received  a  ball  in  his  leg. 
Every  muscle  of  his  face  was  quivering  with  the  agony  of 
terror.  He  said  to  me  :  '  Do  you  think  they  will  take  our 
lives  ?  I  am  badly  wounded,  but  I  think  not  mortally. 
Perhaps  we  might  purchase  our  lives  by  promising  them  a 
large  reward.  Do  you  think  there  is  any  chance  ?' 

" '  Dr.  Van  Yoorhees,'  said  I,  '  do  not  let  us  waste  the  few 
moments  that  yet  remain  to  us  in  such  vain  hopes.  Our 
fate  is  inevitable.  In  a  few  moments  we  must  appear  before 
the  bar  of  God.  Let  us  make  what  preparation  is  yet  in  our 
power.' 

" '  Oh  !  I  cannot  die,'  exclaimed  he,  '  I  am  not  fit  to  die — 
if  I  had  but  a  short  time  to  prepare — death  is  awful ! ' 

"  I  pointed  to  Ensign  Ronan,  who,  though  mortally 
wounded  and  nearly  down,  was  still  fighting  with  despera- 
tion on  one  knee. 

" '  Look  at  that  man,'  said  I,  '  at  least  he  dies  like  a  sol- 
dier.' 

" '  Yes,'  replied  the  unfortunate  man,  with  a  convulsive 


32 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 


gasp,  '  but  he  has  no  terrors  of  the  future — he  is  an  unbe- 
liever !' 

"At  this  moment  a  young  Indian  raised  his  tomahawk  at 


[The  Massacre.] 

me.  By  springing  aside,  I  avoided  the  blow  which  was  in- 
tended for  my  skull,  but  which  alighted  on  my  shoulder.  1 
seized  him  around  the  neck,  and  while  exerting  my  utmost 


FIRST  THINGS.  33 

efforts  to  get  possession  of  liis  scalping-knife,  which  hung  in 
a  scabbard  over  his  breast,  I  was  dragged  from  his  grasp  by 
another  and  older  Indian. 

"  The  latter  bore  me  struggling  and  resisting  toward  the 
lake.  Notwithstanding  the  rapidity  with  which  I  was  hur- 
ried along,  I  recognized,  as  I  passed  them,  the  lifeless  re- 
mains of  the  unfortunate  surgeon.  Some  murderous  toma- 
hawk had  stretched  him  upon  the  very  spot  where  I  had  last 
seen  him. 

"I  was  immediately  pmnged  into  the  water  and  held 
there  with  a  forcible  hand,  notwithstanding  my  resistance. 
I  soon  perceived,  however,  that  the  object  of  my  captor  was 
not  to  drown  me,  for  he  held  me  firmly  in  such  a  position 
as  to  place  my  head  above  water.  This  reassured  me,  and 
regarding  him  attentively,  I  soon  recognized,  in  spite  of  the 
paint  with  which  he  was  disguised,  The  Black  Partridge. 

"  When  the  firing  had  nearly  subsided,  my  preserver 
bore  me  from  the  water  and  conducted  me  up  the  sand- 
banks. It  was  a  burning  August  morning,  and  walking 
through  the  sand  in  my  drenched  condition  was  inexpress- 
ibly painful  and  fatiguing.  I  stooped  and  took  off  my 
shoes  to  free  them  from  the  sand  with  which  they  were 
nearly  filled,  when  a  squaw  seized  and  carried  them  off,  and 
I  was  obliged  to  proceed  without  them. 

"When  we  had  gained  the  prairie,  I  was  met  by  my 
father,  who  told  me  that  my  husband  was  safe  and  but 
slightly  wrounded.  They  led  me  gently  back  toward  the 
Chicago  River,  along  the  southern  bank  of  which  was  the 
Pottawatamie  encampment.  At  one  time  I  was  placed 
upon  a  horse  without  a  saddle,  but,  finding  the  motion  in- 
supportable, I  sprang  off.  Supported  partly  by  my  kind 
conductor,  Black  Partridge,  and  partly  by  another  Indian, 
Pee-so-tum,  who  held  dangling  in  his  hand  a  scalp,  which 
by  the  black  ribbon  around  the  queue  I  recognized  as  that 

3 


04  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

of  Capt.  Wells,  I  dragged  my  fainting  steps  to  one  of  the 
wigwams. 

"  The  wife  of  Wau-bee-nee-mah,  a  chief  from  the  Illinois 
River,  was  standing  near,  and  seeing  my  exhausted  condi- 
tion she  seized  a  kettle,  dipped  up  some  water  from  a  stream 
that  flowed  near,  threw  into  it  some  maple  sugar,  and 
stirring  it  up  with  her  hand  gave  it  me  to  drink.  This  act 
of  kindness,  in  the  midst  of  so  many  horrors,  touched  me 
most  sensibly,  but  my  attention  was  soon  diverted  to  other 
objects. 

"  The  fort  had  become  a  scene  of  plunder  to  such  as  re- 
mained after  the  troops  marched  out.  The  cattle  had  been 
shot  down  as  they  ran  at  large,  and  lay  dead  or  dying 
around.  This  work  of  butchery  had  commenced  just  as  we 
were  leaving  the  fort.  I  well  remember  a  remark  of  En- 
sign Ronan,  as  the  firing  went  on.  '  Such,'  turning  to  me, 
'  is  to  be  our  fate — to  be  shot  down  like  brutes !" 

"'Well,  sir,'  said  the  Commanding  Officer,  who  over- 
heard him,  'are  you  afraid?' 

"  '  No,'  replied  the  high-spirited  young  man,  '  I  can 
march  up  to  the  enemy  where  you  dare  not  show  your  face;' 
and  his  subsequent  gallant  behavior  showed  this  to  be  no 
idle  boast. 

"  As  the  noise  of  the  firing  grew  gradually  less,  and  the 
stragglers  from  the  victorious  party  came  dropping 
in,  I  received  confirmation  of  what  my  father  had  hurriedly 
communicated  in  our  rencontre  on  the  lake  shore — namely, 
that  the  whites  had  surrendered  after  the  loss  of  about  two- 
thirds  of  their  number.  They  had  stipulated,  through  the 
interpreter,  Peresh  Leclerc,  for  the  preservation  of  their 
lives,  and  those  of  the  remaining  women  and  children,  and 
for  their  delivery  at  some  of  the  British  posts,  unless  ran- 
somed by  traders  in  the  Indian  country.  It  appears  that 
the  wounded  prisoners  were  not  considered  as  included  in 


FIRST  THINGS.  35 

the  stipulation,  and  a  horrible  scene  ensued  upon  their  being 
brought  into  camp. 

"  An  old  squaw,  infuriated  by  the  loss  of  friends,  or  ex- 
cited by  the  sanguinary  scenes  around  her,  seemed  pos- 
sessed by  a  demoniac  ferocity.  She  seized  a  stable-fork  and 
assaulted  one  miserable  victim,  who  lay  groaning  and  writh- 
ing in  the  agony  ot  his  wounds,  aggravated  by  the  scorching 
beams  of  the  sun.  "With  a  delicacy  of  feeling  scarcely  to 
have  been  expected  under  such  circumstances,  Wau-bee-nee- 
mah  stretched  a  mat  across  two  poles,  between  me  and  this 
dreadful  scene.  I  was  thus  spared  in  some  degree  a  view  of 
its  horrors,  although  I  could  not  entirely  close  my  ears  to 
the  cries  of  the  sufferer.  The  following  night  five  more  of 
the  M'ounded  prisoners  were*  tomahawked. 

"  The  Americans,  after  their  first  attack  by  the  Indians, 
charge-:  1  upon  those  who  had  concealed  themselves  in  a  sort 
of  ravine  intervening  between  the  sand-banks  and  the 
prairie.  The  latter  gathered  themselves  into  a  body,  and 
after  some  hard  fighting,  in  which  the  number  of  whites  had 
become  reduced  to  twenty-eight,  this  little  band  succeeded 
in  breaking  through  the  enemy,  and  gained  a  rising  ground 
not  far  from  the  Oak  Woods.  The  contest  now  seemed 
hopeless,  and  Lieut.  Helm  sent  Peresh  Leclerc,  a  half-breed 
boy  in  the  service  of  Mr.  Kinzie,  who  had  accompanied  the  de- 
tachment and  fought  manfully  on  their  side,  to  propose 
terms  of  capitulation.  It  was  stipulated  that  the  lives  ot 
all  the  survivors  should  be  spared,  and  a  ransom  permitted 
as  soon  as  practicable. 

"  But  in  the  meantime  a  horrible  scene  had  been  en- 
acted. One  young  savage,  climbing  into  the  baggage-wagon 
containing  the  children  of  the  white  families,  twelve  in 
number,  tomahawked  the  children  of  the  en  tire  group.  This 
was  during  the  engagement  near  the  sand-hills.  When 


36  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

Captain  Wells,  who  was  fighting  near,  beheld  it,  he  ex- 
claimed : 

" '  Is  that  their  game,  butchering  the  women  and  children? 
Then  I  will  kill  too  !' 

"  So  saying  he  turned  his  horse's  head  and  started  for  the 
Indian  camp  near  the  fort,  where  had  been  left  their  squaws 
and  children. 

"  Several  Indians  pursued  him  as  he  galloped  along.  He 
laid  himself  flat  on  the  neck  of  his  horse,  loading  and  tiring 
in  that  position,  as  he  would  occasionally  turn  on  his  pur- 
suers. At  length  their  balls  took  effect,  killing  his  horse 
and  severely  wounding  himself.  At  this  moment  he  was 
met  by  Wlnnemeg  and  Wau-ban-see,  who  endeavored  to 
save  him  from  the  savages  who  had  now  overtaken  him. 
As  they  supported  him  along,  after  having  disengaged  him 
from  his  horse,  he  received  his  death-blow  from  another 
Indian,  Pee-so-tum,  who  stabbed  him  in  the  back. 

"  The  heroic  resolution  of  one  of  the  soldiers'  wives  de- 
serves to  be  recorded.  She  was  a  Mrs.  Corbin,  and  had. 
from  the  first,  expressed  the  determination  never  to  fall 
fall  into  the  hands  of  the  savages,  believing  that  their  pris- 
oners were  always  subjected  to  tortures  worse  than  death. 

"  When,  therefore,  a  party  came  upon  her,  to  make  her  a 
prisoner,  she  fought  with  desperation,  refusing  to  surrender, 
although  assured,  by  signs,  of  safety  and  kind  treatment, 
and  literally  suffered  herself  to  be  cut  to  pieces,  rather  than 
become  their  captive. 

"  There  was  a  Sergeant  Holt,  who,  early  in  the  engage- 
ment, received  a  ball  in  the  neck.  Finding  himself  badly 
wounded,  he  gave  his  sword  to  his  wife,  who  was  on  horse- 
back near  him,  telling  her  to  defend  herself.  He  then  made 
for  the  lake,  to  keep  out  of  the  way  ot  the  balls.  Mrs. 
Holt  rode  a  very  fine  horse,  which'  the  Indians  were  desir- 


FIRST  THINGS. 


37 


ous  of  possessing,  and  they  therefore  attacked  her  in  hopes 
of  dismounting  her. 

"  They  fought  only  with  the  butt-ends  of  their  guns,  for 
their  object  was  not  to  kill  her.  She  hacked  and  hewed  at 
their  pieces  as  they  were  thrust  against  her,  now  on  this 
side,  now  on  that.  Finally  she  broke  loose  fram  them  and 
dashed  out  into  the  prairie.  The  Indians  pursued  her, 
shouting  and  laughing,  and  now  and  then  calling  out: 


[Fort  Dearborn  from  the  Northeast.] 

" ' The  brave  woman!  do  not  hurt  her!' 

"  At  length  they  overtook  her  again,  and  while  she  was 
engaged  with  two  or  three  in  front  one  succeeded  in  seizing 
her  by  the  neck  behind  and  dragging  her,  although  a  large 
and  powerful  woman,  from  her  horse.  Notwithstanding 
that  their  guns  had  been  so  hacked  and  injured,  and  even 
themselves  cut  severely,  they  seemed  to  regard  her  only 
with  admiration.  They  took  her  to  a  trader  on  the  Illinois 


38  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

River,  by  whom  she  was  restored  to  her  friends,  after  hav- 
ing received  every  kindness  during  her  captivity. 

"  Those  of  the  family  of  Mr.  Kinzie  who  had  remained 
in  the  boat,  near  the  mouth  of  the  river,  were  carefully 
guarded  by  Kee-po-tah  and  another  Indian.  They  had  seen 
the  smoke — then  the  blaze — and  immediately  after  the  re- 
port of  the  first  tremendous  discharge  sounded  in  their  ears. 
Then  all  was  confusion.  They  realized  nothing  until  they 
saw  an  Indian  come  towards  them  from  the  battle-ground 
leading  a  horse  on  which  sat  a  lady  apparently  wounded. 

" '  That  is  Mrs.  Heald,'  cried  Mrs.  Kinzie.  '  That  Indian 
will  kill  her.  Run,  Chandonnai '  (to  one  of  Mr.  Kinzie's 
clerks),  '  take  the  mule  that  is  tied  there  and  offer  it  to  him 
to  release  her.' 

"  Her  captor  by  this  time  was  in  the  act  of  disengaging 
her  bonnet  from  her  head  in  order  to  scalp  her.  Chandonnai 
ran  up,  offered  the  mule  as  a  ransom,  with  a  promise  of  ten 
bottles  of  whisky  as  soon  as  they  should  reach  his  village. 
The  latter  was  a  strong  temptation. 

" '  But,'  said  the  Indian,  '  she  is  badly  wounded — she  will 
die.  Will  you  give  me  the  whisky,  at  all  events?' 

"  Chandonnai  promised  that  he  would,  and  the  bargain 
was  concluded.  The  savage  placed  the  lady's  bonnet  on  his 
own  head,  and,  after  an  ineffectual  effort  on  the  part  of  some 
squaws  to  rob  her  of  her  shoes  and  stockings,  she  was  brought 
on  board  the  boat,  where  she  lay  moaning  with  pain  from 
the  many  bullet  wounds  she  had  received  in  both  arms. 

"The  horse  she  had  ridden  was  a  fine-spirited  animal, 
and,  being  desirous  of  possessing  themselves  of  it  uninjured, 
the  Indians  had  aimed  their  shots  so  as  to  disable  the  rider 
without  injuring  her  steed. 

"  She  had  not  lain  long  in  the  boat  when  a  young  Indian 
of  savage  aspect  was  seen  approaching.  A  buffalo  robe 
was  hastily  drawn  over  Mrs.  Heald,  and  she  was  admonished 


FIRST  THINGS.  3ft 

to  suppress  all  sound  of  .complaint  as  she  valued  her  life. 

"  The  heroic  woman  remained  perfectly  silent  while  %the 
savage  drew  near.  He  had  a  pistol  in  his  hand  which  he 
rested  on  the  side  of  the  boat,  while  with  a  fearful  scowl  he 
looked  pryingly  around.  Black  Jim,  one  of  the  servants 
who  stood  in  the  bow  of  the  boat,  seized  an  ax  that  lay  near 
and  signed  to  him  that  if  he  shot  he  would  cleave  his  skull ; 
telling  him  that  the  boat  contained  only  the  family  of  Shaw- 
nee-aw-kee  Upon  this  the  Indian  retired.  It  afterward 
appeared  that  the  object  of  his  search  was  Mr.  Burnett,  a 
trader  from  St.  Joseph's  with  whom  he  had  some  account  to 
settle. 

"  When  the  boat  was  at  length  permitted  to  return  to  the 
mansion  of  Mr.  Kinzie,  and  Mrs.  Heald  was  removed  to  the 
house,  it  became  necessary  to  dress  her  wounds. 

"  Mr.  K.  applied  to  an  old  chief  who  stood  by,  and  who  like 
most  of  his  tribe  possessed  some  skill  in  surgery,  to  extract 
a  ball  from  the  arm  of  the  sufferer. 

"  '  No,  father,'  replied  he, '  I  cannot  do  it — it  makes  me 
sick  here ' — (placing  his  hand  on  his  heart). 

"  Mr.  Kinzie  then  performed  the  operation  himself  with 
his  penknifa 

"  At  their  own  mansion  the  family  of  Mr.  Kinzie  were 
closely  guarded  by  their  Indian  friends,  whose  intention  it 
was  to  carry  them  to  Detroit  for  security.  The  rest  of  the 
prisoners  remained  at  the  wigwams  of  their  captors. 

"  The  following  morning,  the  work  of  plunder  being  com- 
pleted, the  Indians  set  tire  to  the  fort.  A  very  equitable 
distribution  of  the  finery  appeared  to  have  been  made,  and 
shawls,  ribbons,  and  feathers  fluttered  about  in  all  directions. 
The  ludicrous  appearance  of  one  young  fellow  who  had 
arrayed  himself  in  a  muslin  gown,  and  the  bonnet  of  one 
of  the  ladies,  would  under  other  circumstances  have 
afforded  matter  of  amusement. 


40  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

A  Thrilling  Adventure  of  One  of  the  Fort  Dearborn  Massacre  Prisoners,  as  told 

by  Himself. 

Walter  Jordan,  a  non-commissioned  officer  among  the 
regulars  in  Fort  Dearborn,  thus  describes  the  terrible  con- 
flict: On  August  15,  1812,  at  8  o'clock,  we  commenced 
our  march  with  our  small  force,  which  consisted  of  Capt. 
Wells,  myself,  and  one  hundred  Confute  Indians;  Capt. 
Heald's  one  hundred  men,  ten  women  and  twenty  children — 
in  all  two  hundred  and  thirty-two. 

We  had  marched  half  a  mile  when  we  were  attacked  by 
six  hundred  Kickapoo  and  Winnebago  Indians.  In  the 
moment  of  trial  our  Confute  escort  joined  the  savage  enemy. 
Our  contest  lasted  ten  minutes,  when  every  man,  woman 
and  child  was  killed,  except  fifteen.  Thanks  be  to  God,  I 
was  one  of  those  who  escaped. 

First  they  shot  the  feather  off  my  cap,  next  the  epaulet 
from  my  shoulder,  and  then  the  handle  from  my  sword.  I 
then  surrendered  to  four  savage  rascals.  The  Confute  chief, 
taking  me  by  the  hand  and  speaking  English,  said: 

"Jordan,  I  know  you.  You  gave  me  tobacco  at  Fort 
Wayne.  We  won't  kill  you ;  but  come  and  see  what  we  will 
do  with  your  Captain." 

So  leading  me  where  Wells  lay,  they  cut  off  his  head  and 
put  it  on  a  long  pole,  while  another  took  out  his  heart  and 
divided  it  among  the  chiefs,  and  ate  it  up  raw. 

Then  they  scalped  the  slain  and  stripped  the  prisoners, 
and  gathered  in  a  ring  with  us  fifteen  poor  wretches  in  the 
middle.  They  had  nearly  fallen  out  about  the  divide,  but  my 
old  chief,  the  White  Raccoon,  holding  me  fast,  they  made 
the  divide  and  departed  to  their  towns. 

They  tied  me  hard  and  fast  the  first  night,  and  placed  a 
guard  over  me.  I  laid  down  and  slept  soundly  until  morn- 
ing, for  I  was  tired.  In  the  morning  they  untied  me  and 
set  me  parching  corn,  at  which  I  worked  attentively  until 


FIRST  THINGS.  41 

night.  They  said  if  I  would  stay  and  not  run  away  they 
would  make  a  chief  of  me,  but  if  I  would  attempt  to  run 
away  they  would  catch  me  and  burn  me  alive. 

I  amused  them  with  a  fine  story,  in  order  to  gain  their 
confidence,  and  fortunately  made  my  escape  from  them  on 
the  19th  of  August,  and  took  one  of  their  best  horses  to 
carry  me,  being  seven  days  in  the  wilderness.  I  was  joyfully 
received  on  the  26th  at  Wayne.  On  the  28th  they  attacked 
Fort  Wayne  and  blockaded  it  until  the  16th  of  September, 
when  we  were  relieved  by  Gen.  Harrison. 


Buying  Up  Chicago  Lands  from  the  Indians— A  Heavy  Real  Estate  Transaction. 

Black  Partridge,  who  wras  the  leading  chief  of  the  Potta- 
watomies,  and,  in  behalf  of  his  tribe,  on  the  24th  of  August, 
1816,  sold  to  the  United  States  Commissioners — in  session 
in  St.  Louis — the  following  lands: 

"Beginning  on  the  left  branch  of  the  Fox  River;  thence 
running  so  as  to  cross  Sandy  (Au  Sable)  Creek,  ten  miles 
above  its  mouth;  thence  in  a  direct  line  to  a  point  ten  miles 
north  of  the  west  end  of  the  Portage,  between  Chicago 
Creek,  which  empties  into  Lake  Michigan,  and  the  river 
Des  Plaines,  a  fork  of  the  Illinois;  thence  in  a  direct  line 
to  a  point  on  Lake  Michigan  ten  miles  northward  of  the 
mouth  of  Chicago  Creek;  thence  along  the  lake  to  a  point 
ten  miles  southward  of  the  said  Chicago  Creek;  thence  in 
a  direct  line  to  a  point  on  the  Kankakee,  ten  miles  above 
its  mouth;  thence  with  the  said  Kankakee  and  the  Illinois 
River  to  the  mouth  of  the  Fox,  and  thence  to  the  begin- 
ning." Consideration,  a  "  considerable  quantity  of  mer- 
chandise "  and  one  thousand  dollars  worth  of  goods  at  cost 
price,  for  each  year,  for  twelve  succeeding  years,  to  be  de- 


FIRST   THINGS.  43 

livered  on  some  point  of  the  Illinois  River,  not  lower  down 
than  Peoria." 

The  object  of  this  important  and  early  treaty  with  the 
Indians,  it  is  said,  was  in  the  interest  of  the  "  Illinois  and 
Michigan  Canal,"  which  as  early  as  1814  was  mentioned  in 
the  "  Niles  Register "  as  a  "  stupendous  idea,"  by  which 
Buffalo  and  New  Orleans  were  ultimately  to  enjoy  uninter- 
rupted water  communication. 

A  later  treaty,  made  Oct.  20,  1832,  secured  from  the 
Pottawatomies  the  balance  of  their  territory  south  of  the 
above  tract,  for  which  they  were  to  receive  an  annuity  of 
fifteen  thousand  dollars  for  twenty  years,  forty -five  thousand 
dollars  delivered  at  the  signing  of  the  treaty,  and  twenty 
thousand  the  year  following.  Billy  Caldwell  was  to  re- 
ceive six  hundred  dollars  a  year,  and  Alexander  Robinson 
two  hundred. 

It  will  be  seen  that  this  tract  of  land  averaged  twenty 
miles  in  width,  and  extended  from  Chicago  to  Ottawa. 

In  conjunction  with  other  tribes,  the  Pottawatomies  soon 
after  ceded  what  interest  they  had  in  the  country  at  large 
for  other  considerations  and  annuities,  and  were  removed 
beyond  the  Mississippi  in  the  year  1836.  Thus  ended  all 
Indian  claims  to  Chicago  soil. 


FIRST  THINGS.  45 

The  Winnebago  Scare— A  Telescopic  View  of  the  Chicago  Horizon  Fifty  Years 

Ago  -Sketched  by  a  Living  Resident  of  Chicago, 

Col.  G.  S.  Hubbard. 

At  the  breaking  out  of  the  Winnebago  war,  early  in  July, 
1827,  Fort  Dearborn  was  without  military  occupation. 

Doctor  Alexander  "Wolcott,  Indian  Agent,  had  charge  of 
Fort  Dearborn,  living  in  the  brick  building,  just  within 
the  north  stockade  previously  occupied  by  the  commanding 
officers. 

The  old  officers'  quarters,  built  of  logs,  on  the  west,  and  with- 
in the  pickets,  were  occupied  by  Russell  E  Heacock,  and  one 
other  American  family,  while  a  number  of  voyageurs,  with 
their  families,  were  living  in  the  soldiers'  quarters,  on  the 
east  side  of  the  inclosure.  The  store-house  and  guard-house 
were  on  either  side  of  the  southern  gate  ;  the  suttler's  store 
was  east  of  the  north  gate,  and  north  of  the  soldiers'  bar- 
racks ;  the  block-house  was  located  at  the  southwest  and  the 
bastion  at  the  northwest  corners  of  the  fort,  and  the  maga- 
zine, of  brick,  was  situated  about  half-way  between  the  west 
end  of  the  guard  and  block  houses. 

The  annual  payment  of  the  Pottawatamie  Indians  occurred 
in  September  of  the  year  1828.  A  large  body  of  them  had 
assembled,  according  to  custom,  to  receive  their  annuity. 
These  left  after  the  payment  for  their  respective  villages, 
except  a  portion  of  Big  Foot's  band. 

The  night  following  the  payment  there  was  a  dance  in 
the  soldiers'  barracks,  during  the  progress  of  which  a  vio- 
lent storm  of  wind  and  rain  arose  ;  and  about  midnight 
these  quarters  were  struck  by  lightning  and  totally  con- 
sumed, together  with  the  store-house  and  a  portion  of  the 
guard-house. 

The  sleeping  inmates  of  Mr.  Kinzie's  house,  on  the  oppo- 
site bank  of  the  river,  were  aroused  by  the  cry  of  "firef" 
from  Mrs.  Helm,  one  of  their  number,  who,  from  her  win- 


46  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

dow,  had  seen  the  flames.  On  hearing  the  alarm  I,  says 
Col.  H.,  with  Kobert  Kinzie,  late  Paymaster  U.  S.  Army, 
hastily  arose,  and,  only  partially  dressed,  ran  to  the  river. 
To  our  dismay,  we  found  the  canoe  which  we  used  for  cross- 
ing the  river  tilled  with  water  ;  it  had  been  partially  drawn 
up  on  the  beach,  and  became  filled  by  the  dashing  of  the 
waves.  Not  being  able  to  turn  it  over,  and  having  nothing 
with  which  to  bail  it  out,  we  lost  no  time,  but  swam  the 
stream.  Entering  by  the  north  gate  we  saw  at  a  glance  the 
situation. 

The  barracks  and  store-house  being  wrapped  in  flames,  we 
directed  our  energies  to  the  saving  of  the  guard-house,  the 
east  end  of  which  was  on  fire.  Mr.  Kinzie,  rolling  himself 
in  a  wet  blanket,  got  upon  the  roof.  The  men  and  women, 
about  forty  in  number,  formed  in  line  to  the  river,  and  with 
buckets,  tubs,  and  every  available  utensil,  passed  the  water 
to  him.  This  was  kept  up  till  daylight  before  the  flames 
were  subdued,  Mr.  Kinzie  maintaining  his  position  with 
great  fortitude,  though  his  hands,  face,  and  portions  of  his 
body  were  severely  burned.  His  father,  mother,  and  sister, 
Mrs.  Helm,  had  meanwhile  freed  the  canoe  from  water,  and, 
crossing  in  it,  fell  into  line  with  those  carrying  water. 

Some  of  the  Big  Foot  band  of  Indians  were  present  at  the 
fire,  but  merely  as  spectators,  and  could  not  be  prevailed 
upon  to  assist.  They  all  left  the  next  day  for  their  homes. 
The  strangeness  of  their  behavior  was  the  subject  of  discus- 
sion among  us. 

Six  or  eight  days  after  this  event,  while  at  breakfast  in 
Mr.  Kinzie's  house,  we  heard  singing,  faintly  at  first,  but 
gradually  growing  louder  as  the  singers  approached.  Mr. 
Kinzie  recognized  the  leading  voice  as  that  of  Bob  Forsyth, 
and  left  the  table  for  the  piazza  of  the  house,  where  we  all 
followed. 

About  where  Wells  street  now  crosses  the  river,  in  plain 


48  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

sight  from  where  we  stood,  was  a  light  birch-bark  canoe, 
manned  with  thirteen  men,  rapidly  approaching,  the  men 
keeping  time  with  their  paddles  to  one  of  the  Canadian 
boat  songs.  It  proved  to  be  Governor  Cass  and  his  Secre- 
tary, Robert  Forsyth,  and  they  landed  and  soon  joined  us. 
From  them  we  first  learned  of  the  breaking  out  of  the  Win- 
nebago  war,  and  the  massacre  on  the  Upper  Mississippi. 

Governor  Cass  was  at  Green  Bay  by  appointment,  to  hold 
a  treaty  with  the  Winnebagoes  and  Menominee  tribes,  who, 
however,  did  not  appear  to  meet  him  in  council.  News  of 
hostilities  reaching  the  Governor  there,  he  immediately  pro- 
cured a  light  birch-bark  canoe,  purposely  made  for  speed, 
manned  it  with  twelve  men  at  the  paddles  and  a  steersman, 
and  started  up  the  river,  making  a  portage  into  the  Wis- 
consin, then  down  it  and  the  Mississippi  to  Jefferson  Bar- 
racks below  St.  Louis. 

Here  he  persuaded  the  commanding  officer  to  charter  a 
steamer,  and  embarking  troops  on  it,  ascended  the  Missis- 
sippi in  search  of  the  hostile  Indians,  and  to  give  aid  to  the 
troops  at  Fort  Sue! ling.  On  reaching  the  mouth  of  the 
Illinois  River,  the  Governor  (with  his  men  and  canoe,  hav- 
ing been  brought  so  far  on  the  steamer)  here  left  it,  and 
ascending  that  stream  and  the  Desplaines  and  passing  through 
Mud  Lake  into  the  south  branch  of  the  Chicago  River, 
reached  Chicago. 

This  trip  from  Green  Bay  round,  was  performed  in  about 
thirteen  days,  the  Governor's  party  sleeping  only  five  to 
seven  hours,  and,  averaging  sixty  to  seventy  miles  travel 
each  day.  On  the  Wisconsin  River  they  passed  Winnebago 
encampments  without  molestation.  They  did  not  stop  to 
parley,  passing  rapidly  by,  singing  their  boat  songs  ;  the  In- 
dians were  so  taken  by  surprise  that,  before  they  recovered 
from  their  astonishment,  the  canoe  was  out  of  danger.  Gov 


FIRST  THINGS.  49 

ernor  Cass  remained  at  Chicago  but  a  few  hours,  coasting 
Lake  Michigan  back  to  Green  Bay. 

As  soon  as  he  left  the  citizens  of  Chicago  assembled  for 
consultation.  Big  Foot  was  suspected  of  acting  in  concert 
with  the  Winnebagoes,  as  he  was  known  to  be  friendly  to 
them,  and  many  of  his  band  had  intermarried  with  that  tribe. 

Shab-o-nee  was  not  here  at  the  payment,  his  money  hav- 
ing been  drawn  for  him  by  his  friend,  Billy  Caldwell.  The 
evening  before  Governor  Cass'  visit,  however,  he  was  in  Chi- 
cago, and  then  the  guest  of  Caldwell.  At  my  suggestion 
he  and  Caldwell  were  engaged  to  visit  Big  Foot's  village 
(Geneva  Lake),  and  get  what  information  they  could  of  the 
plans  ot  the  "Winnebagoes;  and  also  learn  what  action  Big 
Foot's  band  intended  taking.  They  left  immediately,  and 
on  nearing  Geneva  Lake  arranged  that  Shab  o-nee  should 
enter  the  village  alone,  Caldwell  remaining  hidden. 

Upon  entering  the  village  Shab-o-nee  was  made  a  pris- 
oner, and  accused  of  being  a  friend  of  the  Americans  and 
a  spy.  He  affected  great  indignation  at  these  charges,  and 
said  to  Big  Foot: 

"I  was  not  at  the  payment,  but  was  told  by  my  braves 
that  you  desired  us  to  join  the  Winnebagoes  and  make  war 
on  the  Americans.  I  think  the  Winnebagoes  have  been 
foolish;  alone  they  cannot  succeed.  So  I  come  to  council 
with  you,  hear  what  you  have  to  say,  when  I  will  return  to 
my  people  and  report  all  you  tell  me;  if  they  shall  then 
say  we  will  join  you  I  will  consent. " 

After  talking  nearly  all  night  they  agreed  to  let  him  go, 
provided  he  was  accompanied  by  one  of  their  own  number. 
To  this  proposal  Shab-o-nee  readily  consented,  though  it 
placed  him  in  a  dangerous  position. 

His  friend  Caldwell  was  waiting  for  him  in  the  outskirts 
of  the  village,  and  his  presence  must  not  be  known,  as  it 
would  endanger  both  of  their  lives. 


FIRST  THINGS.  9* 

The  brave  Shab-o-nee  was  equal  to  the  emergency. 

After  leaving,  in  company  with  one  of  Big  Foot's  braves, 
as  the  place  of  Caldwell's  concealment  was  neared  he  com- 
menced complaining  in  a  loud  voice  of  being  suspected  and 
made  a  prisoner,  and  when  quite  near  said: 

u  We  must  have  no  one  with  us  in  going  to  Chicago. 
Should  we  meet  any  one  of  your  band  or  any  one  else,  we 
must  tell  them  to  go  away ;  we  must  go  by  ourselves,  and 
get  to  Chicago  by  noon  to-morrow.  Kinzie  will  give  us 
something  to  eat,  and  we  can  go  on  next  day." 

Caldwell  heard  and  understood  the  meaning  of  this,  and 
started  alone  by  another  route.  Strategy  was  still  to  be 
used,  as  Shab-o-nee  desired  to  report;  soon  nearing  Chicago 
he  said  to  his  companion,  "  If  Kinzie  sees  you  he  will  ask 
why  your  band  did  not  assist  in  putting  out  the  fire?  Maybe 
he  has  heard  news  of  the  war  and  is  angry  with  Big  Foot; 
let  us  camp  here,  for  our  horses  are  very  tired." 

This  they  did,  and  after  a  little  the  Big  Foot  brave  sug- 
gested that  Shab-o-nee  should  go  to  the  fort  for  food  and 
information.  This  was  what  he  wanted  to  do,  and  he  lost 
no  time  in  reporting  the  result  of  his  expedition,  and,  pro- 
curing food,  returned  to  his  camp.  Starting  the  next  morn- 
ing with  his  companion  for  his  own  village,  on  reaching  it 
he  called  a  council  of  his  Indians,  who  were  addressed  by 
Big  Foot's  emissary;  but  they  declined  to  take  part  with 
the  Winnebagoes,  advising  Big  Foot  to  remain  neutral. 

On  receiving  Shab-o-nee's  report,  the  inhabitants  of  Chi- 
cago were  greatly  excited.  Fearing  an  attack,  we  assembled 
for  consultation,  when  I  suggested  sending  to  the  Wabash 
for  assistance,  and  tendered  my  services  as  a  messenger. 

This  was  at  first  objected  to,  on  the  ground  that  a 
majority  of  the  men  at  the  fort  were  in  my  employ,  and  in 
case  of  an  attack  no  one  could  manage  them  or  enforce  their 


52  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

aid  but  myself.  It  was,  however,  decided  that  I  should  go, 
as  I  knew  the  route  and  all  the  settlers. 

An  attack  would  probably  not  be  made  until  Big  Foot's 
ambassador  had  returned  with  his  report;  this  would  give 
at  least  two  week's  security,  and  in  that  time  I  could,  if 
successful,  make  the  trip  and  return. 

I  started  between  4  and  5  p.  m.,  reaching  my  trading 
house  on  the  Iroquis  River  by  midnight,  where  I  changed 
my  horse  and  went  on ;  it  was  a  dark,  rainy  night. 

On  reaching  Sugar  Creek  I  found  the  stream  swollen  out 
of  its  banks,  and  my  horse  refusing  to  cross  I  was  obliged 
to  wait  till  daylight,  when  I  discovered  that  a  large  tree  had 
fallen  across  the  trail,  making  the  ford  impassable.  I  swam 
the  stream  and  went  on,  reaching  my  friend  Mr.  Spencer's 
house  at  noon,  tired  out. 

Mr.  Spencer  started  immediately  to  give  the  alarm,  ask- 
ing for  volunteers  to  meet  at  Danville  the  next  evening  with 
five  days'  rations.  By  the  day  following,  at  the  hour  ap- 
pointed, 100  men  were  organized  into  a  company,  and 
appointing  a  Mr.  Morgan,  an  old  frontier  fighter,  as  their 
Captain,  we  immediately  started  for  Chicago,  camping  that 
night  on  the  north  fork  of  the  Vermillion  River. 

It  rained  continually,  the  trail  was  very  muddy,  and  we 
were  obliged  to  swim  most  of  the  streams  and  many  of  the 
large  sloughs ;  but  we  still  pushed  on,  reaching  Fort  Dear- 
born the  seventh  day  after  my  departure,  to  the  great  joy 
of  the  waiting  people. 

We  reorganized,  and  had  a  force  of  about  150  men, 
Morgan  commanding.  At  the  end  of  30  days  news  came 
of  the  defeat  of  the  Winnebagoes  and  of  their  treaty  with 
the  commanding  officer  who  went  from  Jefferson  Barracks, 
as  before  stated.  Upon  hearing  this  Morgan  disbanded  his 
company,  who  returned  to  their  homes,  leaving  Fort  Dear- 
born in  charge  of  the  Indian  Agent  as  before 


FIRST  THINGS.  53 

An  Army  from  Danville,  111.,  Rushing  to  the  Rescue  of  Chicago  from  an  Indian 
Massacre— Incidents  by  the  Way. 

The  response  to  Col.  Hub  bard's  visit  to  Danville  for  Chi- 
cago's safety  from  the  Indians  is  shown  by  H.  W.  Beck- 
with,  Esq.,  which  he  condensed  from  notes  taken  at  several 
lengthy  interviews  with  Mr.  Hezekiah  Cunningham : 

In  the  night  time,  about  the  15th  or  20th  of  July,  1827, 
I  was  awakened  by  my  brother-in-law,  Alexander  McDon- 
ald, telling  me  that  Mr.  Ilubbard  had  just  come  in  from 
Chicago  with  the  word  that  the  Indians  were  about  to  mas- 
sacre the  people  there,  and  that  men  were  wanted  for  their 
protection  at  once.  The  inhabitants  of  the  county  capable 
of  bearing  arms  had  been  enrolled  under  the  militia  laws  of 
the  State,  and  organized  as  "  The  Vermilion  County  Bat- 
talion," in  which  I  held  a  commission  as  Captain. 

I  dressed  myself  and  started  forthwith  to  notify  all  the 
men  belonging  to  my  company  to  meet  at  Butler's  Point, 
(six  miles  southwest  of  Danville),  the  place  where  the 
county  business  was  then  conducted  and  wrhere  the  militia 
met  to  muster.  The  captains  of  the  other  companies  were 
notified  the  same  as  myself,  and  they  warned  out  their 
respective  companies  the  same  as  I  did  mine.  I  rode  the 
remainder  of  the  night  at  this  work,  up  and  down  the  Lit- 
tle Vermilion. 

At  noon  the  next  day,  the  Battalion  were  at  Butler's 
Point;  most  of  the  men  lived  on  the  Little  Vermilion 
River,  and  had  to  ride  or  walk  from  six  to  twelve  miles  to 
the  place  of  rendezvous.  Volunteers,  were  called  for,  and 
in  a  little  while  fifty  men,  the  required  number,  were  raised. 
Those  who  agreed  to  go,  then  held  an  election  of  their 
officers  for  the  campaign,  choosing  Achilles  Morgan,  Cap- 
tain; Major  Bayles,  First  Lieutenant;  and  Col.  Isaac  R. 
Moores,  as  second.  The  names  of  the  private  men,  as  far 
as  I  now  remember  them  are  as  follows:  George  M.  Beck- 


54  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

with,  John  Beaslej,  myself  (Hezekiah  Cunningham),  Ju- 
lian Ellis,  Seaman  Cox,  James  Dixan,  Asa  Elliot,  Francis 
Foley,  William  Foley,  a  Mr.  Hammers,  Jacob  Heater,  a  Mr. 
Davis,  Evin  Morgan,  Isaac  Goen,  Jonathan  Phelps,  Joshua 
Parish,  William  Reed,  John  Myers  ("  Little  Yermilion 
John"),  John  Saulsbury,  a  Mr.  Kirkman,  Anthony  Swisher, 
George  Swisher,  Joseph  Price,  George  Weir,  John  Vaughn, 
Newton  Wright,  and  Abel  Williams. 

Many  of  the  men  were  without  horses,  and  the  neighbors 
who  had  horses  and  did  not  go,  loaned  their  animals  to 
those  who  did;  still  there  were  five  men  who  started  afoot, 
as  there  were  no  horses  to  be  had  for  them.  We  disband- 
ed, after  we  were  mustered  in,  and  went  home  to  cook  five 
days'  rations,  and  were  ordered  to  be  at  Danville  the  next 
day. 

The  men  all  had  a  pint  of  whisky,  believing  it  essential  to 
mix  a  little  of  it  with  the  slough  water  we  were  to  drink  on 
our  route. 

We  arrived  at  the  Vermilion  River  about  noon  on  Sun- 
day, the  day  after  assembling  at  Butler's  Point.  The  river 
was  up,  running  bank  full,  about  a  hundred  yards  wide, 
with  a  strong  current.  Our  men  and  saddles  were  taken 
over  in  a  canoe.  We  undertook  to  swim  our  horses,  and  as 
they  were  driven  into  the  water  the  current  would  strike 
them  and  they  would  swim  in  a  circle  and  return  to  the 
shore  a  few  rods  below.  Mr.  Hubbard,  provoked  at  this 
delay,  threw  off  his  coat  and  said,  "Give  me  old  Charley," 
meaning  a  large,  steady-going  horse,  owned  by  James  But- 
ler and  loaned  to  Jacob  Heater.  Mr.  Hubbard,  mounting 
this  horse,  boldly  dashed  into  the  stream,  and  the  other 
horses  quickly  crowded  after  him. 

The  water  was  so  swift  that  "  old  Charley  "  became  un- 
manageable, when  Mr.  Hubbard  dismounted  on  the  upper 
side  and  seized  the  horse  by  the  mane,  near  the  animal's 


FIRST  THINGS.  tt 

head,  and,  swimming  with  his  left  arm,  guided  the  horse  in 
the  direction  of  the  opposite  shore.  We  were  afraid  he 
would  be  washed  under  the  horse  or  struck  by  his  feet  and 
be  drowned;  but  he  got  over  without  damage,  except  the 
wetting  of  his  broadcloth  pants  and  moccasins.  These  he 
had  to  dry  on  his  person,  as  we  pursued  our  journey. 

I  will  here  say  that  a  better  man  than  Mr.  Hubbard 
could  not  have  been  sent  to  our  people.  He  was  wel; 
known  to  all  the  settlers.  His  generosity,  his  quiet  and 
determined  courage,  and  his  integrity,  were  so  well  known 
and  appreciated  that  he  had  the  confidence  and  good-will  of 
everybody,  and  was  a  well-recognized  leader  among  us 
pioneers. 

At  this  time  there  were  no  persons  living  on  the  north 
bank  of  the  Vermilion  River  near  Danville,  except  Robert 
Trickle  and  George  Weir,  up  near  the  present  woolen 
factory,  and  William  Reed  and  Dan  Beckwith;  the  latter 
had  a  little  log  cabin  on  the  bluff'  of  the  Vermilion  near 
the  present  highway  bridge,  or  rather  on  the  edge  of  the 
hill  east  of  the  highway  some  rods.  Here  he  kept  store, 
in  addition  to  his  official  duties  as  Constable  and  County 
Surveyor.  The  store  contained  a  small  assortment  of  such 
articles  as  were  suitable  for  barter  with  the  Indians,  who 
were  the  principal  customers.  We  called  it  "  The  Saddle- 
Bags  Store,"  because  the  supplies  were  brought  from  Terre 
Haute  in  saddle-bags,  that  indispensable  accompaniment  of 
every  rider  in  those  days  before  highways  were  provided  for 
the  use  of  vehicles. 

Mr.  Reed  had  been  elected  Sheriff  the  previous  March, 
receiving  fifty-seven  out  of  the  eighty  votes  that  were  cast 
at  the  election,  and  which  represented  about  the  entire 
voting  population  of  the  county  at  that  time.  Both  Reed 
and  Dan  wanted  to  go  with  us,  and  after  a  warm  contro- 
versy between  them,  as  it  was  impossible  for  them  both  to 


56  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

leave,  it  was  agreed  that  Reed  should  go  and  that  Beck  with 
would  look  after  the  affairs  of  both  until  Reed's  return. 
Amos  "Williams  was  building  his  house  at  Danville  at  this 
time;  the  sale  of  lots  having  taken  place  the  previous  April. 

Crossing  the  North  Fork  at  Denmark,  three  miles  north 
of  Danville,  we  passed  the  cabin  of  Seymour  Treat.  He 
was  building  a  mill  at  that  place;  and  his  house  was  the 
last  one  in  which  a  family  was  living  until  we  reached 
Hubbard's  Trading  Post,  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Iroquois 
River,  near  what  has  since  been  known  as  the  town  of  Bun- 
combe; and  from  this  trading  house  there  was  no  other 
habitation,  Indian  wigwams  excepted,  on  the  line  of  our 
march  until  we  reached  Fort  Dearborn! 

It  was  a  wilderness  of  prairie  all  the  way,  except  a  little 
timber  we  passed  through  near  Sugar  Creek,  and  at  the 
Iroquois. 

Late  in  the  afternoon  we  halted  at  the  last  crossing  of 
the  North  Fork,  at  Bicknell's  Point,  a  little  north  of  the 
present  town  of  Rossville.  Here  three  of  the  footmen 
turned  back,  as  the  condition  of  the  streams  rendered  it 
impossible  for  them  to  continue  longer  with  us.  Two  men 
who  had  horses  also  left  us.  After  a  hasty  lunch  we  struck 
across  the  eighteen-mile  prairie,  the  men  stringing  out  on 
the  trail  Indian  file,  reaching  Sugar  Creek  late  in  the  night, 
where  we  went  into  camp  on  the  south  bank,  near  the  pres- 
ent town  of  Milford. 

The  next  day,  before  noon,  we  arrived  at  Hubbard's 
Trading  House,  which  was  on  the  north  bank  of  the  Iro- 
quois, about  a  quarter  of  a  mile  from  the  river.  A  lot  of 
Indians,  some  of  them  half  naked,  were  lying  and  lounging 
about  the  river  bank  and  Trading  House;  and  when  it  was 
proposed  to  swim  our  horses  over,  in  advance  of  passing  the 
men  in  boats,  the  men  objected,  fearing  the  Indians  would 
take  their  horses,  or  stampede  them,  or  do  us  some  other 


FIRST  THINGS.  57 

mischief.  Mr.  Hubbard  assured  us  that  those  Indians  were 
friendly,  and  we  afterward  learned  that  they  were  Pottawa- 
tomies,  known  as  "  Hubbard's  Band,"  from  the  fact  that  he 
had  long  traded  with  and  had  a  very  great  influence  over 
them. 

It  is  proper  to  state  that  we  were  deficient  in  arms.  "We 
gathered  up  squirrel  rifles,  flint-locks,  old  muskets,  or  any- 
thing like  a  gun  that  we  may  have  had  about  our  houses. 
Some  of  us  had  no  fire-arms  at  all.  I,  myself,  was  among 
this  number.  Mr.  Hubbard  supplied  those  of  us  who  had 
inefficient  weapons,  or  those  of  us  who  were  without  them. 
He  also  gave  us  flour  and  salt  pork.  He  had  lately  brought 
up  the  Iroquois  River  a  supply  of  these  articles.  We  re- 
mained at  Hubbard's  Trading  House  the  remainder  of  the 
day,  cooking  rations  and  supplying  our  necessities. 

The  next  morning  we  again  moved  forward,  swimming 
Beaver  Creek  and  crossing  the  Kankakee  River  at  the 
Rapids,  just  at  the  head  of  the  island  near  Momence ;  push- 
ing along  we  passed  Yellowhead's  Tillage.  The  old  chief, 
with  a  few  old  men  and  the  squaws  and  pappooses,  were  at 
home.  The  young  men  were  off  on  a  hunt. 

Remaining  here  a  little  time,  we  again  set  out,  and  going 
about  five  miles  encamped  at  the  point  of  the  timber  on 
Yellowhead's  Creek.  The  next  morning  we  again  set  out, 
crossing  a  branch  of  the  Calumet  to  the  west  of  the  Blue 
Island.  All  the  way  from  Danville  we  had  followed  an 
Indian  trail,  since  known  as  "  Hubbard's  trace;"  there  was 
no  sign  of  roads;  the  prairies  and  whole  country  was  crossed 
and  recrossed  by  Indian  trails,  and  we  never  could  have  got 
through  but  for  the  knowledge  which  Mr.  Hubbard  had  of 
the  country.  It  had  been  raining  for  some  days  before  we 
left  home,  and  it  rained  almost  every  day  on  the  route.  The 
streams  and  sloughs  were  full  of  water.  We  swam  the 


58  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

former  and  traveled  through  the  latter,  sometimes  almost 
by  the  hour. 

Many  of  the  ponds  were  so  deep  that  our  men  dipped  up 
the  water  to  drink  as  they  sat  in  their  saddles.  Col.  Hub- 
bard  fared  better  than  the  rest  of  us ;  that  is,  he  did  not  get 
his  legs  wet  so  often,  for  he  rode  a  very  tall,  iron-gray 
stallion  that  Peleg  Spencer,  Sr.,  living  two  miles  south  of 
Danville,  loaned  him.  The  little  Indian  pony  which  Hub- 
bard  rode  in  from  Iroquois  to  Spencer's  was  so  used  up  as 
to  be  unfit  for  the  return  journey. 

We  reached  Chicago  about  four  o'clock  on  the  evening 
of  the  fourth  day,  in  the  midst  of  one  of  the  most  severe 
rain-storms  I  ever  experienced,  accompanied  by  thunder  and 
vicious  lightning.  The  rain  we  did  not  mind — we  were 
without  tents  and  were  used  to  wetting.  The  water  we  took 
within  us  hurt  us  more  than  that  which  fell  upon  us,  as 
drinking  it  made  many  of  us  sick. 

The  people  of  Chicago  were  very  glad  to  see  us.  They 
were  expecting  an  attack  every  hour  since  Col.  Hubbard 
had  left  them;  and  as  we  approached  they  did  not  know 
whether  we  were  enemies  or  friends,  and  when  they  learned 
that  we  were  friends  they  gave  us  a  shout  of  welcome. 

They  had  organized  a  company  of  thirty  or  fifty  men, 
composed  mostly  of  Canadian  half-breeds,  interspersed  with 
a  few  Americans,  all  under  command  of  Capt.  Beaubien. 
The  Americans,  seeing  that  we  were  a  better-looking  crowd, 
wanted  to  leave  their  associates  and  join  our  company.  This 
feeling  caused  quite  a  row,  and  the  officers  finally  restored 
harmony,  and  the  discontented  men  went  back  to  their  old 
command. 

The  town  of  Chicago  was  composed  at  this  time  of  six  or 
seven  American  families,  a  number  of  half-breeds  and  a  lot 
of  idle,  vagabond  Indians  loitering  about.  I  made  the  ac- 


FIRST  THINGS.  59 

quaintance  of  Robert  and  James  Kinzie,  and  their  father, 
John  Kinzie. 

We  kept  guard  day  and  night  for  some  eight  or  ten  days, 
when  a  runner  came  in — I  think  from  Green  Bay — bringing 
word  that  Gen.  Cass  had  concluded  a  treaty  with  the  Win- 
nebagoes,  and  that  we  might  now  disband  and  go  home. 

The  citizens  were  overjoyed  at  the  news,  and  in  their 
gladness  they  turned  out  one  barrel  of  gin,  one  barrel  of 
brandy,  one  barrel  of  whisky,  knocking  the  heads  of  the 
barrels  in.  Everybody  was  invited  to  take  a  free  drink,  and, 
to  tell  the  plain  truth,  everybody  did  drink. 

The  ladies  at  Fort  Dearborn  treated  us  especially  well.  I 
say  this  without  disparaging  the  good  and  cordial  conduct  of 
the  men  toward  us.  The  ladies  gave  us  all  manner  of  good 
things  to  eat.  They  loaded  us  with  provisions,  and  gave  us 
all  those  delicate  attentions  that  the  kindness  of  woman's 
heart,  would  suggest.  Some  of  them — three  ladies  whom  I 
understood  were  recently  from  New  York — distributed 
tracts  and  other  reading  matter  among  our  company,  and 
interested  themselves  zealously  in  .our  spiritual  as  well  as 
temporal  welfare. 

We  started  on  our  return,  camping  out  of  nights,  and 
reached  home  on  the  evening  of  the  third  day. 


60  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  First  Hotel  in  Chicago. 

Chicago,  now  so  justly  prond  of  her  many  magnificent 
hotels,  some  of  which  are  the  finest  in  the  world,  opened 
her  "first  tavern"  in  1829,  under  the  following  official 
cast-iron  stipulations:  County  Commissioners'  Court, 
Peoria  County,  December  8,  1829.  Present:  Francis 
Thomas,  George  Sharp,  and  Isaac  Egman. 

Ordered:  That  a  license  be  granted  to  Archibald  Cald- 
we'll  to  keep  a  tavern  at  Chicago,  and  that  he  pay  a  tax  of 
eight  dollars,  and  be  allowed  the  following  rates,  and  give 
a  bond  with  security  for  one  hundred  dollars: 

Each  half  pint  of  wine,  rum,  or  brandy 25  cts. 

"      pint  "       "         "  "       37^  " 

"      half-pint  gin 18f  " 

«      pint  '•• 

u     gill  of  whisky 
«      half-pint  " 

"      pint  «       18| 

41      breakfast,  dinner,  or  supper 25 

"      night's  lodging 12£ 

Keeping  horse  over  night  on  grain  and  hay. . .   25 
The  same  as  above,  24  hours 

Horse  feed 

This  paternal  Chicago  tavern  was  located  on  the  wrest 
side  of  the  North  Branch,  a  few  rods  from  the  junction  of 
the  rivers.  There  were  but  two  houses  in  that  bi  region  of 
country"  at  that  time,  one  the  residence  of  Che-che-pin- 
gua  (Alexander  Robinson),  and  the  other  the  store  of 
James  Kinzie. 


62  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OP  CHICAGO. 

HuntingWolves  Around  Chicago— An  Exciting  Instance  in  Which  a  Herd  Take 
to  the  Ice  in  the  Harbor. 

One  of  our  early  amusements  (says  an  old  settler)  was 
that  of  wolf-hunting.  Experienced  Indian  ponies  were 
plenty  in  our  city. 

The  last  hunt  I  remember  had  for  its  object  the  driving 
of  as  large  a  number  of  wolves  as  possible  up  to  the  ice 
upon  the  lake  shore,  and  as  near  the  mouth  of  the  harbor 
as  could  be  done.  There  was  to  be  no  shooting  until  the 
wolves  had  got  upon  the  ice.  No  person  was  to  fire  unless 
his  aim  was  entirely  over  ice,  and  then  to  the  eastward. 

Two  parties  started  early  in  the  morning,  one  following 
the  lake  shore  south,  and  the  other  the  river,  to  meet  at  a 
common  center  not  far  from  Blue  Island.  Then  they  were 
to  spread  themselves  out,  cover  as  much  territory  as  possi- 
ble, and  drive  the  wolves  before  them. 

About  4  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  a  wolf  made  his  ap- 
pearance in  the  outskirts  of  the  city.  The  news  was  spread, 
and  our  people  turned  out  on  foot,  keeping  along  the  mar- 
gin of  the  river,  so  as  to  drive  the  wolves  upon  the  ice  of 
the  lake  shore.  One  wolf  after  another  made  his  appear- 
ance, and  soon  we  saw  the  horsemen.  The  number  of 
wolves  was  about  the  same  as  that  of  Samson's  foxes. 

The  men  were  so  eager  to  get  the  first  fire  at  a  wolf  that 
the  tramp  of  their  horses  broke  the  ice;  and,  as  the  wind 
was  rather  brisk,  it  broke  away  from  the  shore,  with  the 
wolves  upon  it,  and  drifted  northeasterly,  very  much  in  the 
same  direction  as  that  taken  by  the  recent  unfortunate  bal- 
loon. But  the  wolves,  unlike  the  man  in  the  balloon,  took 
no  reporter  on  board. 

Men,  women,  and  children  lined  the  bank  of  the  lake, 
expecting  to  see  the  ice  break  in  pieces  and  the  wolves 
swim  ashore.  But  it  did  not  do  so.  Our  people  watched 
the  ice,  and  could  see  the  wolves  running  from  side  to  side, 


64  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

until  they  faded  away  from  view.  When  I  took  my  last 
look  they  appeared  about  the  size  of  mice. 

About  two  weeks  afterward  a  letter  appeared  in  a  Detroit 
paper  containing  an  account  of  some  farm  settlements  on 
the  eastern  shore  of  Lake  Michigan  being  attacked  by  a 
large  body  of  hungry  wolves.  They  destroyed  fowls  and 
cattle,  and  for  several  days  spread  terror  through  the  neigh- 
borhood. 

"We  always  supposed  that  these  were  our  wolves,  but  our 
hunters  never  laid  any  claim  to  them,  as  the  news  of  their 
arrival  was  so  long  in  reaching  here. 


Judge  Caton's  First  Night  in  Chicago    His  "  Boarding-House,"  And  What  Be- 
came of  the  Landlady's  Daughter! 

The  first  night  I  slept  in  Chicago  (says  the  Judge)  was  in 
a  "  log-tavern"  (the  name  they  went  by  then),  west  of  the 
junction  of  the  rivers,  kept  by  "W.  W.  Wattles. 

The  next  day  I  learned  that  the  best  entertainment  was 
to  be  had  at  the  crack  boarding-house  of  the  place,  kept  by 
Dexter  Graves,  at  five  dollars  per  week.  It  was  a  log-house 
near  the  middle  of  the  square  just  north  of  the  present  Tre- 
inont  House.  If  it  was  a  log-house,  I  assure  you  we  had 
good  fare  and  a  right  merry  time,  too. 

There  were  seven  beds  in  the  attic  in  which  fourteen  of  us 
slept  that  summer,  and  I  fear  we  sometimes  disturbed  the 
family  with  our  carryings  on  o'  nights. 

I  know  of  but  one  of  those  fourteen  boarders  besides  my- 
self now  living.  Edward  H.  Haddock  knows  who  slept  with 
me  in  that  attic. 

Haddock  was  a  sly  fellow  then ;  lor  before  one  of  us  sus- 
pected what  he  was  at  he  made  sure  of  the  flower  of  the 
family — and  a  real  gem  of  priceless  value  she  was — who  still 


FIRST  THINGS.  65 

survives  to   promote  the  happiness  of  those  around  her. 
Young  ladies  were  in  demand  here  in  those  days. 


The  First  Ferry. 

The  official  record  of  the  first  Chicago  ferry,  dated  June 
2,  1829,  is  as  follows: 

Ordered:  That  Archibald  Cly bourn  and  Samuel  Miller 
be  authorized  to  keep  a  ferry  across  the  Chicago  River,  at 
the  lower  forks,  near  Wolf's  Point,  crossing  the  river  below 
the  Northeast  Branch,  and  to  land  on  either  side  of  both 
branches,  to  suit  the  convenience  of  persons  .wishing  to 
cross.  And  that  said  Clybourn  and  Miller  pay  a  tax  of 
two  dollars,  and  execute  a  bond  with  security  for  one  hun- 
dred dollars.  The  rates  for  ferriage  to  be  one-half  the  sum 
that  John  L.  Bogardus  gets  at  his  ferry  at  Peoria. 

Ordered:  That  the  following  rates  be,  and  they  are 
hereby,  allowed  to  be  charged  and  received  by  the  different 
ferries,  by  their  respective  owners,  in  this  county,  to  wit: 

For  each  foot  passenger 6 Jets. 

"      man  and  horse   12£  " 

"      Dearborn  sulkey  chair  with  springs.   50     " 

"      one-horse  wagon 25     " 

"      four-wheeled  carriage,  drawn  by  two 

oxen  or  horses 
"      cart  with  two  oxen 

"      head  of  neat  cattle  or  mules 10 

"      hog,  sheep,  or  goat 3 

"      hundred-weight  of  goods,  wares,  and 
merchandise,  each  bushel  of  grain 
or  other  article  sold  by  the  bushel     6^- 
And  all  other  articles  in  equal  and  just  proportion. 

5 


66  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

First  School-Teacher  in  Chicago— He  Opens  in  a  Little  Barn  Twelve  Feet  Square 
—His  Own  Sketch  of  His  Early  Labors. 

Mr.  John  Watkins  was  Chicago's  first  school-teacher. 
In  describing  his  early  labors  he  says:  I  arrived  in  Chi- 
cago in  May,  1832,  and  always  had  the  reputation  of  being 
its  first  school-teacher.  I  never  heard  my  claim  disputed. 

I  commenced  teaching  in  the  fall,  after  the  Black  Hawk 
war,  1832.  My  first  school-house  was  situated  on  the 
North  Side,  about  half-way  between  the  lake  and  the  forks 
of  the  river,  then  known  as  Wolf  Point.  The  building  was 
owned  by  Col.  Richard  J.  Hamilton,  was  erected  for  a  horse 
stable,  and  had  been  used  as  such.  It  was  twelve  feet 
square. 

My  benches  and  desks  were  made  of  oldstore  boxes.  The 
school  was  started  by  private  subscription.  Thirty  scholars 
were  subscribed  for.  But  many  subscribed  who  had  no 
children.  So  it  was  a  sort  of  free-school,  there  not  being- 
thirty  children  in  town. 

During  my  first  quarter  I  had  but  twelve  scholars,  and 
only  four  of  them  were  white.  The  others  were  quarter, 
half,  and  three-quarter  Indians.  After  the  first  quarter  I 
moved  my  school  into  a  double  log-house  on  the  West  Side. 
It  was  owned  by  Rev.  Jesse  Walker,  a  Methodist  minister. 
and  was  located  near  the  bank  of  the  river  where  the  north 
and  south  branches  meet.  He  resided  in  one  end  of  the 
building,  and  I  taught  in  the  other.  On  Sundays  Father 
Walker  preached  in  the  room  where  I  taught. 

In  the  winter  of  1832-3.  Billy  Caldwell,  a  half-breed 
chief  of  the  Pottawatomie  Indians,  better  known  as  Sau- 
ganash,  offered  to  pay  the  tuition  and  buy  books  for  all  In- 
dian children  who  would  attend  school,  if  they  would  dress 
like  the  Americans,  and  he  would  also  pay  for  their  clothes. 
But  not  a  single  one  would  accept  the  proposition  condi- 
tioned upon  the  change  of  apparel. 


FIRST  THINGS.  67 

When  I  first  went  to  Chicago  there  was  but  one  frame 
building  there,  and  it  was  a  store  owned  by  Robert  A.  Kin- 
zie.  The  rest  of  the  houses  were  made  of  logs.  There 
were  no  bridges.  The  river  was  crossed  by  'canoes! 

I  was  born  in  Scipio,  Cayuga  County,  N.  Y.,  in  1802.  I 
left  Chicago  in  1836,  and 'have  resided  in  Joliet  and  vicinity 
ever  since.  I  had  the  acquaintance,  when  in  Chicago,  of 
Col.  Richard  J.  Hamilton,  Thomas  Owen  (Indian  Agent), 
Geo.  W.  Dole,  John  Wright,  P.  F.  W.  Peck,  Philo  Carpen- 
ter, John  S.  C.  Hogan,  Col.  John  B.  Beaubien,  Mark  Beau- 
bien,  John  H.,  Robert  A.,  and  James  Kinzie. 

I  will  now  give  you  the  names  of  some  of  my  scholars : 
Thomas,  William,  and  George  Owen;  Richard  Hamilton; 
Alexander,  Philip,  and  Henry  Beaubien;  and  Isaac  N.  Har- 
mon, now  a  merchant  in  Chicago. 

I  remember  Stephen  R.  Beggs,  who  sometimes  preached 
in  Father  Walker's  building  where  I  taught  school. 

Mr.  Watkins  is  still  residing  at  Joliet. 


The  First  Drawbridge  Across  the  Chicago  River— Sketched  by  the  Builder. 

Nelson  R.  Norton  came  to  Chicago  November  16,  1833. 
He  says:  Soon  after  I  arrived  I  commenced  cutting  the 
lumber  for  a  drawbridge  on  the  land  adjoining  Michigan 
avenue,  afterward  owned  by  Hiram  Pearsons.  In  March, 
1834,  I  commenced  building  it,  and  I  think  it  was  com- 
pleted by  the  first  of  June. 

The  first  steamboat  that  passed  through  it  was  the  old 
Michigan,  with  a  double  engine,  commanded  by  Capt.  C. 
Blake,  and  owned  by  Oliver  Newberry,  of  Detroit. 

The  bridge  had  an  opening  of  60  feet,  with  a  double 
draw.  I  think  the  length  was  300  feet.  This  is  the  best 
of  my  recollection.  The  width  was  16  feet.  It  was  located 
at  Dearborn  street. 


FIRST  THINGS.  «9 

Credit  me  with  building  the  first  vessel  at  Chicago.  I 
built  the  sloop  Clarissa  in  the  spring  of  1835.  This  was 
the  first  sail  vessel  launched  on  the  west  side  of  Lake 
Michigan,  if  not  the  first  on  the  lake. 

The  first  freight  taken  down  the  lakes  was  in  1834,  being 
a  lot  of  hides,  from  cattle  that  had  been  slaughtered  for  the 
Government  troops. 

I  was  born  at  Hampton,  Washington  Co.,  N.  Y.,  on 
November  8, 1807. 


The  First  Sunday-School  in  Chicago— Sketched  by  the  Rev.  Arthur 
Mitchell.  D.D. 

Dr.  Mitchell,  now  pastor  of  the  first  church  organized  in 
Chicago  (First  Presbyterian),  in  a  recent  historical  dis- 
course thus  describes  the  first  Sunday-school: 

Several  months  before  the  schooner's  arrival  from  Fort 
Brady  (which  brought  the  Rev.  Jeremiah  Porter  to  Chi- 
cago), before  there  was  either  school-house,  or  church,  or 
minister  in  the  settlement,  four  earnest  workers  had  started 
a  Sunday-school.  Its  first  session  was  held  (so  I  learn  from 
Mr.  Porter)  in  a  log  house  at  the  Point,  on  the  west  side  of 
the  south  branch  ot  the  river.  There  were  fifteen  scholars, 
mostly  children  of  tiie  French  and  half-breed  residents. 
They  were  untutored  little  urchins,  and  had  to  be  collected 
each  Sabbath  by  the  teachers. 

Mr.  Philo  Carpenter,  a  druggist,  a  member  of  Dr.  Be- 
man's  Presbyterian  Church,  in  Troy,  N.  Y.,  was  the  Su- 
perintendent. This  was  the  first  Sunday-school  established 
in  Northern  Illinois,  except  one  opened  by  that  heroic  Home 
Missionary,  Rev.  Aratus  Kent,  (known  as  Father  Kent),  in 
a  dram-shop  in  Galena.  The  Sunday-school  (in  Chicago) 
was  opened  August  19,  1832, 


<0  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

In  April,  1833,  Father  Walker,  an  aged  Methodist 
minister,  came  to  Chicago  to  reside.  He  lived  in  a  log 
cabin  on  the  west  side  of  the  river,  near  the  North  Branch, 
and  preached  there  on  the  Sabbath.  The  Methodists  are 
the  pioneers.  The  first  minister  to  preach  the  gospel  in 
Chicago  was  a  Methodist.  He  had  about  thirty  days'  start 
of  Mr.  Porter. 

The  Sunday-school  in  its  first  two  years  of  labor  had  been 
moved  from  the  log  hou§e  on  the  Point,  first  to  Father 
"Walker's  house,  then  to  the  Fort,  then  to  the  second  story  ol 
one  of  the  three  frame  buildings  used  as  stores.  This  stood 
at  the  corner  of  La  Salle  and  South  "Water  streets,  then  the 
business  part  of  the  village.  Mr.  Carpenter  was  still  Su- 
perintendent, and  John  "Wright  Secretary  and  Librarian, 
"the  library  being  comfortably  carried" — so  writes  Dr. 
Humphrey — "  in  a  silk  handkerchief.  It  soon  became  nec- 
essary, however,  to  substitute  a  basket  for  the  silk  hand- 
kerchief," Mr.  Joseph  Meeker  having  arrived  in  July,  '34, 
with  great  spoil — a  quantity  of  second-hand  books,  which 
had  been  used  in  a  Sunday-school  in  the  city  of  New  York. 


Chicago's  First  Minister  and  First  Church-Sketched  by  the  Pastor. 

Chicago's  first  minister,  the  Rev.  Jeremiah  Porter,  still 
lives,  and  all  the  way  from  his  home  on  the  Pacific  Coast 
comes  the  following  description  of  his  first  arrival  and  early 
labors  in  the  city  by  the  sea.  Mr.  Porter  says :  "  On  the 
arrival  of  Major  Fowle  at  Fort  Dearborn,  on  the  4th  of 
May,  1833,  in  a  schooner  direct  from  Fort  Brady,  with  his 
missionary  pastor  (Mr.  Porter)  on  board,  they  found,  in- 
cluding troops  of  the  United  States  Army,  some  four 
hundred  people  at  Chicago;  but  no  minister  or  priest  had 


FIRST  THINGS.  Tl 

ever  visited  them  so  far  as  they  could  learn,  except  Father 
Jesse  Walker,  who  as  an  itinerant  Methodist  minister  had 
come  once  a  month  from  his  Indian  mission  on  the  Fox 
River,  and  gathered  a  few  Christians  in  a  log  school  house 
on  the  west  side  of  the  river. 

But  Philo  Carpenter  had  preceded  the  army  chaplain  by 
a  year,  and  had  established  a  sabbath-school  and  a  prayer- 
meeting.  John  Wright  and  his  son,  John  S.  Wright,  were 
associated  with  Mr.  Carpenter  in  these  incipient  Christian 
efforts,  laying  foundations  for  many  generations.  The  elder 
Mr.  Wright,  by  writing,  had  tried  for  months  to  secure  a 
minister  for  Chicago,  and  when  to  his  surprise  on  that 
Monday  morning  he  met  the  minister  (as  he  went  to  din- 
ner in  his  log  boarding-house),  whom  he  had  known  eight 
years  before  a  student  in  Williams  College,  and  learned 
from  him  that  he  had  come  with  a  part  of  a  scattered  church, 
he  exclaimed  with  admiration : 

"  This  is  like  the  bursting  out  of  the  sun  from  the  darkest 
clouds !  Yesterday  was  the  darkest  day  we  ever  saw.  We 
were  to  lose  one  of  our  praying  officers,  and  were  expecting 
only  godless  men  with  the  new  troops,  and  Mr.  Carpenter 
has  gone  back  to  New  York  for  his  spring  goods." 

With  the  aid  of  Major  Fowle  and  his  men,  the  carpenter 
shop  at  Fort  Dearborn  was  changed  into  a  house  of  wor- 
ship. 

The  first  sermon,  however,  was  preached  in  Father 
Walker's  school-house,  west  of  the  South  Branch,  just  over 
the  bridge. 

The  first  text  of  the  new  minister  (Mr.  Porter)  was: 
"Herein  is  My  Father  glorified  that  ye  bear  fruit;  so  shall 
ye  be  My  disciples. — (John  xv.,  8.) 

No  minister  of  any  church,  or  priest,  except  Father 
Walker,  was  found  north,  south,  east  or  west,  within  one 
hundred  miles!  Niles,  Mich.,  east;  Danville,  111.,  south; 


72  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

Galena,  111.,  west;  Princeton,  southwest,  and  the  Stock- 
bridge  Indians,  north,  on  the  Fox  River,  Wis.,  were  the 
only  near  churches ! 

During  the  month  of  June  (the  26th),  1833,  a  Presby- 
terian Church  was  gathered,  consisting  of  two  officers  of 
the  army  and  their  wives,  three  wives  of  soldiers  and  eleven 
soldiers,  all  from  the  church  at  Fort  Brady.  The  cit- 
izens of  Chicago  who  united  at  the  organization  were  only 
four  gentlemen  and  four  ladies,  all  by  letter  from  churches 
in  New  England,  except  Philo  Carpenter,  who  was  a  native 
of  New  England,  coming  from  Dr.  S.  S.  Beman's  church, 
Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  Mrs.  Charles  Taylor,  sister  of  the  present 
General  Orlando  "Wilcox,  U.  S.  A. 

From  this  acorn  of  a  church,  planted  forty-seven  years 
ago,  have  grown  the  oaks  that  now  fill  the  fifth,  if  not  the 
fourth,  city  of  the  American  United  States. 

John  Wright,  Philo  Carpenter,  and  Major  De  L.  Wilcox, 
were^chosen  elders  of  the  church  and  set  apart  by  the 
pastor. 

On  the  first  Sabbath  of  July,  1833,  the  blessed  Sacrament 
of  the  Lord's  Supper  was  administered  in  the  town  that 
now  has  500,000  inhabitants.  And  of  those  first  communi- 
cants four  continue  to  this  day  to  testify  of  those  days  of 
small  things:  Mr.  Carpenter,  identified  from  that  day 
with  all  the  moral  and  spiritual  interests  of  Chicago;  Miss 
Taylor;  Eliza  Chappel,  who  two  years  afterwards  became 
the  pastor's  ivife,  and  is  still;  and  himself." 

The  Rev.  Arthur  Mitchell,  D.  D.,  the  present  pastor  of 
the  church  organized  by  the  Rev.  Jeremiah  Porter,  adds : 

"  In  the  first  year  of  Mr.  Porter's  labors  the  church  in- 
creased from  twenty-six  to  sixty-seven  members.  Letters 
were  presented  twenty  years  old  by  persons  who  had  passed 
all  those  years  at  frontier  posts.  The  little  church  could 
not  give  a  support  to  their  pastor.  He  was  sustained  by 


FIRST  THINGS.  73 

the  Home  Missionary  Society;  but  steps  were  taken  imme- 
diately by  them  and  money  raised  to  build  a  house  of  wor- 
ship. 

On  the  4th  of  January,  1834,  that  house  was  dedicated 
to  God.  It  was  a  frame  building,  about  forty  feet  in  length 
by  twenty-five  in  width,  and  cost  $600.  It  would  seat 
about  two  hundred;  and  the  settlers,  with  the  attendants 
from  the  garrison,  filled  it  comfortably  every  Sunday. 

The  walls  were  simply  plastered,  the  floor  bare,  the  seats 
home-made  benches,  made  of  ordinary  boards.  It  stood  on 
what  is  now  the  alley  of  the  lot  at  the  southwest  corner  of 
Lake  and  Clark  streets.  "People  wondered,"  so  I  have 
been  told  by  an  aged  lady  who  worshipped  in  that  primi- 
tive place,  "  what  on  earth  Mr.  Porter  had  put  the  church 
away  off  there  for,  out  on  the  prairie!" 

The  young  pastor  evidently  had  faith  in  the  future  of 
Chicago.  The  building  stood  out  in  the  open  fields,  with- 
out any  fence  around  it.  Several  of  the  members  lived  on 
the  West  Side,  where  there  were  then  three  houses — but 
one  of  those  houses,  though  only  twenty  feet  by  fourteen, 
accommodated  that  winter  seventeen  persons!  For  them 
it  was  quite  a  circumstance  to  reach  the  church. 

The  river  had  to  be  crossed  by  a  sort  of  floating  bridge, 
near  whatsis  now  Randolph  street,  and  they  must  then  go 
skipping  from  one  log  to  another  across  the  swamps  and 
bogs  of  the  muddy  prairie.  Sometimes  they  were  sadly 
bemired  on  the  way,  and  more  than  once  ladies  had  to  be 
picked  up  by  strong  arms  and  lifted  across  the  black  and 
treacherous  holes." 


74  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

"Long  John's  "Story  of  an  Early  Chicago  Wedding— The  Whole  City  Invited 
—Stylish  Outfits,  and  What  Became  of  a  Lock  of  the  Bride's  Raven  Hair. 

I  remember  attending  the  wedding  of  one  of  Lafram- 
boise's  daughters.  She  was  married  to  a  clerk  in  the  Post- 
office.  The  clerk  was  the  one  who  delivered  letters,  and  of 
course  was  well  known  to  all  our  citizens,  and  was  remark- 
ably popular. 

He  went  to  the  printing  office  and  had  fifty  cards  of 
invitation  struck  oft'.  But  when  people  went  for  their  letters 
they  politely  hinted  that  they  expected  a  card  of  invita- 
tion to  the  wedding.  So  he  was  compelled  to  go  to  the 
printing  office  and  have  fifty  more  struck  oft'.  These  did 
not  last  long,  and  he  had  one  hundred  more. 

Then  he  said  that  tickets  were  of  no  use,  and  everybody 
might  come ;  and  about  everyone  did  come.  The  ceremony 
was  performed  by  Rev.  Isaac  ~W.  Hallam,  pastor  of  the  St. 
James'  Episcopal  Church. 

The  house  was  of  no  particular  use,  as  it  was  full  and 
surrounded  with  people. 

This  wedding  made  a  strong  impression  on  my  mind,  as 
it  was  the  first  time  I  ever  saw  the  Indian  war-dance.  Some 
of  the  guests  not  only  had  their  tomahawks  and  scalping- 
knives,  bows  and  arrows,  but  a  few  of  them  had  real  scalps 
which  they  pretended  they  had  taken  in  the  various  Indian 
wars.  Their  faces  were  decorated  with  all  the  favorite  pic- 
tures of  the  Indians.  And  some  of  our  young  white  men 
and  ladies  played  the  part  of  the  Indian  so  well  that  it  was 
difficult  to  distinguish  them  from  the  real  ones. 

It  has  been  a  wonder  to  me  that,  while  our  professors  of 
music  have  been  inventing  so  many  different  kinds  of 
dances,  none  of  them  have  reproduced  the  Indian  war-dance, 
which  to  me  is  much  more  sensible  than  nine-tenths  of 
those  which  are  now  practiced  at  so  many  of  our  fashion- 
able parties.  I  presume  that  the  trouble  is  that  our  ladies 


THE  POLICE  PATROL. 


76  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

consider  that  the  Indian  war-paint  extemporized  for  the 
occasion  would  interfere  with  the  original  paint  put  on  be- 
fore they  left  their  homes,  and  which  they  wished  to  remain 
through  the  evening. 

One  of  our  young  men  claimed  that  at  this  wedding, 
amid  the  crowd,  unperceived,  he  had  clipped  a  lock  from 
the  bride's  long,  flowing,  raven  hair.  Some  of  this  hair  he 
had  put  into  a  breast-pin,  and  very  soon  thereafter  these 
Indian  bridal  breast-pins  were  about  as  thick  as  were  the 
manufactures  from  our  old  court-house  bell  after  the  fire. 

One  man  who  had  \vorn  one  for  some  years  was  suddenly 
taken  sick,  and  expected  to  die.  He  called  his  wife 
to  his  bedside  and  told  her  he  deemed  it  his  duty  to 
state  to  her  that  he  had  been  deceiving  her  for  years,  and 
he  could  not  die  in  peace  until  he  had  made  a  confession. 

"  I  must  tell  you  before  I  die  that  the  hair  in  that  pin  I 
have  been  wearing  so  deceitfully  is  not  the  hair  of  that 
Indian  chief's  daughter,  but  your  own." 

With  pitiful  eyes  he  looked  to  his  wife  for  forgiveness. 

"And  is  that  all  that  troubles  you?"  said  she;  "  what  you 
have  just  revealed  in  your  dying  hour  only  confirms  my 
opinion  of  you.  I  always  supposed  you  thought  more  of 
me  than  you  did  of  a  squaw!" 

And  now  I  suppose  you  think  that  that  man  died  in  peace. 
But  he  did  not.  He  is  alive  now.  There  is  occasionally 
an  instance  where  a  man  has  survived  a  confession  to  his 
wife.  But  wThere,  oh  where,  is  there  an  instance  of  a  woman 
who  has  survived  a  confession  to  her  husband? 

After  the  marriage  of  this  Indian  chiefs  daughter,  several 
of  our  wealthy  citizens  (wealthy  for  those  days)  gave  return 
parties.  I  remember  attending  a  very  elegant  one  given  at 
the  house  of  Medard  B.  Beaubien.  I  think  the  fashionable 
society  of  Chicago  subsisted  for  about  two  months  upon 
that  wedding.  Mr.  Beaubien  has  given  me  several  invita- 


FIRST  THINGS.  77 

tions,  as  he  has  others  of  our  old  settlers,  to  visit  him  at 
his  residence  among  the  Pottawatomies.  He  told  me  that 
I  would  be  a  big  Pottawatomie!  He  gave  as  a  reason  for 
abandoning  Chicago,  where  he  was  a  merchant,  that  he 
would  rather  be  a  big  Indian  than  a  little  white  man.  He 
has  the  reputation  of  being  the  handsomest  man  that  was 
ever  in  this  city.  I  met  him  at  Washington,  a  few  years 
ago,  and  he  attracted  great  attention  for  his  remarkable 
personal  beauty. 


St.  James'  Episcopal  Church. 

Concerning  Chicago's  first  Episcopal  Church  and  its  early 
labors,  the  Hon.  Isaac  JS".  Arnold  says : 

John  H.  Kinzie  and  Mrs.  Juliette  A.  Kinzie.  with  Gur- 
don  S.  Hubbard,  may  be  considered,  more  than  any  others, 
the  founders  of  St.  James'  Church.  Others  aided  and  con- 
tributed, but  the  Kinzie  family  took  the  lead.  The  parish 
was  organized  in  1834,  and  on  the  12th  of  October,  1834, 
Rev.  Isaac  W.  Hallam  arrived  in  Chicago,  and  took  charge 
of  the  parish. 

The  first  regular  services  were  held  in  a  room  in  a 
wooden  building  standing  on  the  corner  of  Wolcott  (now 
N".  State)  and  Kinzie  streets,  fitted  up  by  Mr.  Kinzie  and 
others  as  a  place  of  worship,  and  which  afterward,  being 
used  in  the  Presidential  campaign  of  1840  as  a  place  for 
political  meetings,  was  named  "  Tippecanoe  Hall." 

In  1835  or  1836  John  H.  Kinzie  donated  two  lots  on  the 
southeast  corner  of  Cass  and  Illinois  streets  as  a  site  for 
the  church  edifice,  and  in  1836-1837  a  brick  church  was 
erected  thereon.  On  the  26th  of  March,  1837,  the  body  of 
the  church  was  first  occupied  for  public  service.  The 
entire  cost  of  the  church,  exclusive  of  the  organ,  was 


78  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

$14,000.  On  the  Monday  following  the  first  service  most  of 
the  pews  were  sold  at  auction,  and  brought  the  sum  of 
$13,862,  which,  with  subscriptions  and  the  proceeds  of  a 
fair,  paid  the  cost  of  the  church  and  left  a  balance  of  $4,000, 
which  was  used  toward  the  erection  of  a  rectory. 

At  the  home  of  John  H.  Kinzie  (standing  on  the  north- 
east corner  of  Cass  and  Michigan  streets)  the  Bishops  and 
clergy  of  the  Diocese  of  Illinois  were  always  welcome. 
The  Venerable  Bishop  Chase  always  found  there  a  home 
and  a  genial  welcome.  Indeed,  the  hospitality  of  the  Kin- 
zie family  was  proverbial  all  over  the  Northwest.  In  the 
reminiscences  of  Bishop  Chase,  published  in  two  volumes, 
by  James  B.  Dow,  Boston,  1848,  this  family  is  spoken  of. 

In  a  letter  on  p.  389,  dated  Monday,  July  26,  1837,  the 
good  old  Bishop  says:  "The  consecration  of  St.  James1 
Church,  Chicago,  took  place  yesterday  at  half-past  ten. 
The  church  was  filled  to  overflowing,  even  before  the  Bishop 
met  the  wardens  and  vestry  at  the  door.  The  Rev.  Mr. 
Hallam  read  the  morning  prayers,  and  myself  the  ante- 
communion  and  sermon.  Text:  'The  Lord  is  in  this 
place.  This  is  none  other  than  the  House  of  God,  and  this 
the  gate  of  heaven.'  The  whole  number  of  communicants 
is  now  about  thirty.  I  went  to  the  Kinzies.  Mrs.  Magill, 
and  all  the  young,  and  Mrs.  K.  were  most  attentive  to  my 
every  want,  etc." 

Indeed,  such  was  the  prominence  and  activity  of  Mrs. 
John  H.  Kinzie  in  the  early  days  of  the  Protestant  Epis- 
copal Church  of  Illinois,  that  she  was  sometimes  called 
u  The  Female  Bishop  of  Illinois" 


FIRST  THINGS.  79 

The  First  Daily  Newspaper. 

The  first  daily  newspaper  printed  in  Chicago  was  the 
Chicago  Daily  American,  edited  by  Wm.  Stuart,  the  first 
number  of  which  bears  date  April  9th,  1839.  The  closing 
words  of  the  editor's  "  salutatory"  are  as  follows :  ""We  now 
launch  our  humble  bark  on  the  great  ocean  of  the  world, 
with  plenty  of  sheet,  but  still  with  no  certainty  of  sale,  and 
with  what  pilotage  we  may  command,  we  must  trust  the 
destiny  of  its  voyage  to  the  winds  and  waves,  the  sunshine 
and  the  storm." 


The  First " Loafer"  in  Chicago. 

The  first  "  loafer"  on  record  was  Richard  Harper.  The 
city  census  of  July  1st,  1837,  gave  the  occupation  of  every 
citizen.  In  this  instance  the  record  reads,  "  Richard  Har- 
per, loafer."  This  man,  it  is  said,  was  "  respectably  con- 
nected" in  the  city  of  Baltimore,  and,  be  it  known,  afterward 
reformed.  He  left  the  young  city  no  doubt  in  disgust,  and 
made  his  way  back  to  his  native  place,  and  afterward  became 
one  of  the  six  Washingtonian  Reformers  who  started  the 
great  temperance  reformation  which  spread  over  the  country 
in  1840.  So  it  is  said. 


Chicago's  First  Wedding. 

The  first  wedding  in  Chicago — of  which  there  is  any 
record — occurred  July  20th,  1823.  Curiously  enough,  the 
contracting  parties  were  a  physician,  Alexander  Wolcott, 
M.  D.,  and  Ellen  M.  Kinzie,  who  was  the  first  child  born 
in  Chicago.  John  Hamlin,  J.  P.,  who  was  returning  from 
a  business  trip  to  Green  Bay,  Wis.,  to  his  home  in  Fulton 


80  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

County,  officiated  on  the  occasion,  and  made  them  "  husband 
and  wife"  by  a  very  plain  but  solid-binding  ceremony. 
All  the  prominent  chiefs  and  braves  of  the  Pottawatomies, 
and  other  tribes,  were  present  at  this  first  of  the  long  and 
rapidly  extending  list  of  Chicago  marriages.  Miss  Kinzie 
was  the  daughter  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  John  Kinzie.  She  was 
born  in  the  autumn  of  1807,  and  was  just  " sweet  sixteen" 
the  year  of  her  marriage. 


Violets. 

The  first  divorce  suit  in  Chicago  was  brought  in  1835. 

The  first  "  one-horse  shay  "  to  make  its  appearance  was 
in  1834;  Philo  Carpenter,  proprietor. 

"  Horse  cars  "  made  their  appearance  in  the  city,  "  as  far 
up  as  Twelfth  street,"  April  25,  1859. 

The  first  Coroner  was  John  R.  Clark,  and  his  first  inquest 
was  "  over  the  body  ot  a  dead  Indian." 

Mr.  Robert  Fergus  issued  the  first  Directory  of  Chicago. 
It  appeared  in  1839,  and  contained  1.660  names. 

The  first  church  fair  held  in  Chicago  was  given  by  the 
ladies  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church,  June  18,  1835. 

David  McKee  was  Chicago's  first  blacksmith.  He  also 
in  early  days  carried  a  monthly  mail  from  Fort  Wayne  to 
Chicago. 

The  first  white  woman  to  make  her  home  in  Chicago 
from  New  England  was  Mrs.  Hadassah  Trask,  who  arrived 
May  26,  1826. 

The  first  Justice  of  the  Peace  in  Chicago  was  John  Kin- 
zie, commissioned  July  28,  1825,  as  shown  by  the  records 
of  Peoria  County. 

The  first  bank  established  in  Chicago  was  a  branch  of 


FIRST  THINGS.  81 

the  State  Bank  of  Illinois,  in  December,  1835,  of  which  W. 
H.  Brown  was  cashier. 

The  first  lawyer  who  appeared  on  the  Chicago  horizon 
was  Russell  E.  Heacock.  He  arrived  July  4,  1827,  and 
"  still  lives  "  in  the  city. 

Chicago  boasted  of  its  first  brick  house  in  1831,  built  by 
Caleb  Blodgett  on  the  North  side  of  Adams  street,  between 
Dearborn  and  State  streets. 

The  first  railroad  to  run  out  of  Chicago,  was  the  "  Galena 
and  Chicago  Union,"  which  penetrated  the  distant  village 
of  Elgin  (forty  miles),  in  1850. 

Chicago's  first  City  Clerk  was  Isaac  N.  Arnold,  since  a 
member  of  Congress,  and  now  the  Honorable  President  of 
the  Chicago  Historical  Society. 

The  first  census  of  Chicago  was  taken  July  1st,  1839.  It 
showed  a  grand  total  population  of  4,170  persons,  of  whom 
3,989  were  white,  77  black,  and  104  sailors. 

The  first  large  vessel  that  ever  entered  the  Chicago  River 
was  the  schooner  "  Illinois,"  which  "  sailed  up  "  July  11, 
1834,  amid  the  acclamations  of  the  citizens. 

The  first  livery  stable  in  Chicago  was  kept  by  Lathrop 
Johnson,  now  a  resident  of  Ontonagon,  Mich.  He  also  "  run  " 
the  first  stage  line  between  Chicago  and  Milwaukee. 

The  first  arrival  of  passengers  from  the  East  by  railroad 
was  via  the  Michigan  Southern  line,  Feb.  20,  1852,  and 
the  first  train  by  the  Michigan  Central  was  May  21,  1852. 

The  first  lady  "  schoolmarm  "  in  Chicago  is  said  to  have 
been  Mrs.  Stephen  Forbes,  who  opened  a  school  in  1830 
near  what  is  now  the  corner  of  Randolph  street  and  Mich- 
igan avenue. 

The  first  Sunday  Liquor  Law  was  adopted  Sept.  1,  1834, 
prohibiting  the  opening  of  any  "  tippling  shop  or  grocery  " 
on  Sunday,  under  a  penalty  of  $5,  one  half  to  go  to  the 
complainant. 

6 


82  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  first  jail  was  built  in  the  autumn  of  1833,  "  of  logs 
well  bolted  together,"  on  the  northwest  corner  of  the  public 
square.  It  was  standing  as  late  as  1853,  when  it  gave  way 
for  the  "  New  Court  House." 

The  first  Postmaster  of  Chicago  was  J.  S.  C.  Hogan,  who 
kept  a  "  variety  store "  on  South  Water  street.  He  was 
appointed  in  1833,  and  once  a  week  received  a  mail  from 
Niles,  Mich.,  brought  on  horseback. 

The  first  side-wheel  steamer,  the  "  Geo.  W.  Dole,"  was 
built  by  that  gentleman  in  1840,  at  the  junction  of  the  two 
branches  of  the  Chicago  River,  from  timber  that  grew  on 
the  North  Branch  of  the  Chicago  River. 

The  first  male  child  born  in  Chicago  was  Merriweather 
L.  Whistler,  son  of  Lieut.  Whistler.  He  was  born  in  Fort 
Dearborn  during  the  autumn  of  1805,  and  at  the  age  of 
about  seven  years  was  drowned  at  Newport,  Ky. 

The  first  white  man  hung  in  Chicago  was  John  Stone — 
evidently  a  hard  case — who  was  executed  July  10th,  1840, 
on  a  gallows  erected  "  back  of  Myrick's  tavern,"  near  the 
lake  shore,  in  expiation  of  the  murder  of  Mrs.  Thompson. 

The  first  sail-vessel  that  ever  arrived  in  the  Chicago  port 
is  believed  to  have  been  the  United  States  schooner  "Tracy," 
with  Dorr  for  Master.  It  came  around  the  lakes  from 
Detroit  some  time  in  1803,  bringing  Capt.  John  Whistler, 
who  came  to  build  a  fort. 

The  first  tax-list  on  record  is  for  the  year  1825,  which 
shows  the  entire  personal  property — not  including  the 
American  Fur  Company — to  have  been  valued  at  $4,047,  on 
which  the  whole  tax  paid  was  $40.47,  with  only  thirteen 
persons,  all  told,  as  the  tax-payers. 

The  first  "  celebration  "  of  any  character  took  place  July 
4th,  1836,  in  honor  of  the  removal  of  the  first  shovelful  of 
dirt  in  the  construction  of  the  canal.  It  is  said  every  man, 
woman,  and  child  in  good  health  in  the  village  was  present 


FIRST  THINGS.  83 

on  the  eventful  occasion.  The  temperance  people  had  lem- 
onade, and  others  whisky;  but  finally,  it  is  said,  the  two 
liquids  got  seriously  mixed. 

The  first  steam  fire-engine  was  introduced  by  Mayor 
Wentworth,  during  his  first  term  in  1857.  It  was  appro- 
priately called  "  Long  John."  During  his  second  term,  in 
1861,  he  introduced  two  more,  and  called  them  "  Liberty" 
and  "  Economy,"  in  honor  of  a  favorite  watchword  of  his. 

The  first  steamers  that  stirred  the  waters  of  Lake  Mich- 
igan in  front  of  Chicago,  were  the  "  Sheldon  Thompson' 
and  "  William  Penn."  They  arrived  July  8th,  1832,  and 
had  on  board  Gen.  Winfield  Scott  and  a  lot  of  soldiers  for 
the  Black  Hawk  war.  At  that  date  there  were  only  five 
dwelling  houses  in  Chicago,  three  of  which  were  made  of 
logs. 

The  first  public  building  in  Chicago  of  which  any  men- 
tion is  made  was  an  "  Estray  Pen,"  erected  on  the  southwest 
corner  of  the  public  square.  The  lowest  bid  for  the  con- 
tract was  $20,  put  in  by  Samuel  Miller;  but  failing  to  com- 
plete the  structure  according  to  specifications,  he  was  paid 
only  $12  by  the  Treasurer.  This  is  supposed  to  be  the  first 
instance  where  a  contractor  failed  to  fulfill  his  contract. 

The  first  street  leading  to  Lake  Michigan  was  laid  out 
April  25,  1832.  It  commenced  at  what  was  then  called 
"  the  east  end  of  Water  street,"  and  is  described  by  Jede- 
diah  Wooley,  the  surveyor,  as  follows :  "  From  the  east  end 
of  Water  street,  in  the  town  of  Chicago,  to  Lake  Michigan. 
Direction  of  said  road  is  south  88£  degrees  east  from  the 
street  to  the  lake,  18  chains  50  links."  Said  street  was  laid 
out  fifty  feet  wide.  The  viewers  on  this  occasion  "  also 
believe  that  said  road  is  of  public  utility,  and  a  convenient 
passage  from  the  town  to  the  lake." 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE. 


Love  Letters  in  the  Early  Days  of  Chicago.— How  Some  of  Them  were 
"Franked"  by  the  Aid  of  Mr.  Wentworth.— A  Laughable  Story. 

Soon  after  my 
election  to  Con- 
gress— says  Mr. 
Wentworth,  who 
tells  this  story — 
a  young  man  who 
had  rendered  me 
material  service 
made  me  a  call, 
and  observed  that 
postage  was  very 
high;  in  which 
sentiment  I  con- 
curred, and  prom- 
ised to  labor  to 
reduce  it.  He  then 
remarked  that  I 
would  have  the 
franking  privil- 
ege; to  which  I 
assented,  and 
promised  to  labor 
to  abolish  it. 

But  all  this  did  not  seem  to  interest  the  young  mans  and 

85] 


86  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

I  was  perplexed  to  know  the  drift  of  his  conversation. 
Finally,  with  great  embarrassment,  he  observed  that  he  was 
engaged  to  a  young  lady  at  the  East,  and  wanted  to  know 
if  I  could  not  frank  his  letters. 

I  explained  that  there  was  but  one  way  to  avoid  the  re- 
sponsibilities of  the  law,  and  that  was  for  him  to  write  his 
letters  to  me,  and  then  I  could  write  a  letter  to  Tier,  calling 
her  attention  to  his;  and  she  could  have  the  same  privilege. 
The  correspondence  took  this  form  until  the  Congressman 
from  her  district  asked  me  if,  at  the  close  of  the  session,  I 
was  going  home  by  the  way  of  his  district. 

I  did  not  comprehend  him  until  he  stated  that  he  was 
well  acquainted  in  the  family  of  the  lady  with  whom  I  had 
been  corresponding,  and  suggested  that  if  I  was  going  to 
be  married  before  the  next  session,  it  would  be  pleasant  for 
us  to  board  at  the  same  house! 

This  put  a  new  phase  upon  my  way  of  dodging  an  abuse 
of  the  franking  privilege,  and  I  wrote  to  my  constituent 
that  he  must  bring  his  courtship  to  a  close,  and  he  did  so. 

Four  letters  from  him  and  three  from  her  covered  the 
transaction,  and  I  stand  indebted  to  this  day  to  the  "  con- 
science fund"  of  the  Post-office  Department  for  $1.75. 
But  this  was  a  very  insignificant  sum  to  pay  for  the  se- 
curing of  a  good  Yankee  girl  to  the  West  in  those  days. 

But  every  time  anyone  speaks  to  me  about  the  corrup- 
tions and  defalcations  among  public  men  of  the  present 
day,  I  see  "  Mene,  mene,  tekel,  upharsin  "  written  on  the 
wall!  I  think  of  that  $1.75,  and  say  nothing. 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE.  87 

How  the  Yankee  Clock- Peddlers  Flanked  an  Early  Chicago  Law  which  Re- 
quired only  One  Man  to  Break,  but  Two  to  Keep. 

Ex-Lieut.  Gov.  Bross  is  responsible  for  the  following 
amusing  incident  in  connection  with  "  the  law  "  and  "  clock- 
peddlers:" 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  first  settlements  were 
made  in  the  southern  parts  of  the  State,  by  immigrants  prin- 
cipally from  Virginia,  Kentucky,  and  some  of  the  other 
Southern  States.  Many  of  them  had  a  sort  of  "  holy  hor- 
ror" for  that  ubiquitous,  ever-trading  sharper,  "the  live 
Yankee." 

To  guard  against  his  depredations,  a  law  was  passed 
February  14th,  1823,  duly  enacting  that  "  No  person  shall 
bring  in  and  peddle  or  sell  wooden  clocks  in  this  State, 
unless  they  first  take  out  an  extra  license;"  for  which  the 
price  was  $50. 

The  penalty  for  violating  the  law  was  fixed  at  the  same 
sum.  This  "  said  sum  "  would  make  a  sad  inroad  upon 
Jonathan's  profits,  and  hence,  under  the  impulses  of  his 
"  higher  law  "  notions  of  the  value  of  money,  he  pursued 
his  "  chosen  calling,"  without  any  regard  to  the  majesty  of 
the  law  in  "  such  case  made  and  provided." 

He  was  of  course  arrested,  and  in  due  form  arraigned  be- 
fore the  court  of  Fayette  County. 

The  fact  of  "  selling  "  was  not  denied,  but  it  appeared  in 
evidence  that  one  Yankee  brought  them  "in"  across  the 
river  at  St.  Louis — and  another  "sold"  them. 

The  counsel  for  the  prisoner — Wm.  H.  Brown,  Esq. — 
contended  that  it  must  be  shown  that  the  prisoner  did  both 
tk  bring  in  and  peddle  or  sell" 

Jonathan,  as  usual,  escaped  and  went  on  his  way  "  ped- 
dling" and  "selling"  his  wooden  wares.  We  believe  his 
"  Yankee-ship  "  has  always,  since  the  failure  of  that  law  to 
"  head  him  off,"  been  permitted  to  exercise  his  peculiar 
habits  without  "  let  or  hindrance." 


88  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

Getting  on  in  the  World  Without  Money. — An  Amusing  Story  of  a  Scrip-ticket, 
"  Good  for  a  Drink  "  that  Got  Into  a  Contribution-box. 

Mr.  Wentworth  is  responsible  for  the  following:  In 
early  days  nearly  every  man  in  Chicago  doing  business  was 
issuing  his  individual  scrip,  and  the  city  abounded  with 
little  tickets,  such  as,  "  Good  at  our  store  for  ten  cents," 
"  Good  for  a  loaf  of  bread,"  "  Good  for  a  shave,"  "  Good  for 
a  drink,"  etc.,  etc.  When  you  went  to  trade,  the  trader 
would  look  over  your  tickets  and  select  such  as  he  could  use 
to  the  best  advantage. 

The  times  for  a  while  seemed  very  prosperous.  We  had 
a  currency  that  was  interchangeable,  and  for  a  time  we  suf- 
fered no  inconvenience  from  it,  except  when  we  wanted  some 
specie  to  pay  for  our  postage.  In  those  days  it  took  twenty- 
five  cents  to  send  a  letter  east. 

But  after  a  while  it  was  found  out  that  men  were  over- 
issuing. The  barber  had  outstanding  too  many  shaves ;  the 
baker  too  many  loaves  of  bread ;  the  saloon-keeper  too  many 
drinks,  etc. 

Want  of  confidence  became  general.  Each  man  became 
afraid  to  take  the  tickets  of  another.  Some  declined  to 
redeem  their  tickets  in  any  way,  and  some  absconded.  And 
people  found  out,  as  is  always  the  case  where  there  is  a  re- 
dundancy of  paper  money,  that  they  had  been  extravagant, 
had  bought  things  they  did  not  need,  and  had  run  in  debt 
for  a  larger  amount  than  they  were  able  to  pay.  Of  course 
nearly  every  one  failed  and  charged  his  failure  upon  Presi- 
dent Jackson's  specie  circular. 

In  after  times  I  asked  an  old  settler,  who  was  a  great 
growler  in  those  days,  what  effect  time  had  had  upon  his 
views  of  Gen.  Jackson's  circular.  His  reply  was  that  Gen. 
Jackson  had  spoiled  his  being  a  great  man.  Said  he,  "  I 
came  to  Chicago  with  nothing,  failed  for  $100,000,  and 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE.  89 

could  have  failed  for  a  million  if  he  had  let  the  bubble 
burst  in  the  natural  way." 

A  single  instance  will  illustrate  to  what  various  purposes 
those  little  tickets  of  indebtedness  could  be  put.  A  boy  had 
a  ticket  "  Good  for  a  drink."  He  dropped  it  into  the  church 
contribution  box,  and  heard  no  more  of  it. 

He  told  another  boy,  who  did  the  same  thing,  with  the 
same  result.  That  boy  told  his  sister,  who  told  her  mother, 
who  told  her  husband,  who  deemed  it  his  duty  to  tell  the 
deacon! 

Meanwhile  the  boys  were  putting  in  the  tickets  "  Good 
for  a  drink,"  and  telling  the  other  boys  to  do  the  same. 

The  deacon,  alive  to  all  the  responsibilities  of  his  posi- 
tion, for  the  first  time  in  his  life  entered  a  saloon;  called  the 
barkeeper  one  side  and  asked  him  to  change  a  $1  scrip,  well 
knowing  he  could  not  do  so  unless  it  were  in  liquor  tickets. 

The  saloon-keeper  was  afraid  to  offer  such  tickets,  and  de- 
clined to  make  the  change,  until  the  deacon  gave  him  a  hint 
that  although  he  did  not  stimulate  himself  he  thought  he 
could  use  the  tickets. 

"  Then,"  said  the  deacon,  "  I  have  a  curiosity  to  know 
the  extent  of  the  circulation  of  these  tickets,  and  really 
wish  you  would  put  a  private  mark  upon  them  and  notify 
me  when  one  returns." 

Think  of  a  deacon  putting  such  currency  into  a  contri- 
bution box !  But  he  did  it.  and  the  boys  put  in  some  more. 

On  Monday  afternoon  the  deacon  was  notified  that  one  of 
his  tickets  had  been  redeemed.  Oh,  what  a  chance  for  a 
scandal  case!  Imagine  that  such  a  thing  had  happened  in 
our  day !  Think  of  our  enterprising  news-gatherers  calling 
upon  a  deacon  and  asking  him  what  was  the  average  time 
of  a  liquor-ticket's  going  from  his  church  contribution  box 
to  a  saloon! 

With  solemn  tread  the  deacon  made  his  way  to  his  pastor's 


90  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

residence,  and  asked  him  wJmt  disposition  he  made  of  the 
various  tickets  taken  from  the  contribution  box. 

The  reply  was  that  his  wife  assorted  them,  strung  them 
upon  the  different  strings,  entered  them  upon  a  book,  and 
gave  the  church  credit  as  she  used  any  of  them. 

"  And  do  you  say,  my  dear  brother,"  asked  the  deacon, 
"  that  you  have  no  knowledge  of  the  particular  uses  to 
which  these  tickets  have  been  put?" 

"  I  do  say  so,"  said  the  pastor. 

The  deacon  breathed  freer.  He  had  cleared  his  pastor, 
but  I  have  no  doubt  he  prayed,  "  May  the  Lord  have  mercy 
on  his  poor  wife!" 

The  wife  was  called  and  her  husband  said,  "  The  deacon 
wishes  us  to  give  an  account  of  the  proceeds  of  the  contri- 
bution box." 

"  Not  exactly  so,  my  dear  sister,"  said  the  deacon,  "  but  I 
wish  to  know  for  what  purposes  the  liquor-tickets  have  been 
used." 

She  comprehended  the  matter  at  once  and  promptly  re- 
plied, "  Why,  Deacon,  did  you  want  them  ?  I  never  thought 
you  were  a  drinking  man!  Now,  as  you  didn't  have  the 
tickets,  will  you  share  with  us  the  proceeds  ?  Let  us  all  take 
a  drink!" 

She  rushed  to  her  pantry,  brought  out  a  pitcher,  with 
tumblers,  and  it  was  filled  with — milk! 

In  making  the  change  with  the  milkman  his  eyes  had 
fallen  upon  these  tickets,  and  he  said  he  could  use  them. 
Thus  throwing  the  liquor-tickets  into  the  contribution  box 
was  but  a  repetition  of  the  old  adage,  "  Evil  be  thou  my 
good."  They  had  discharged  all  the  functions  of  the  modern 
greenback,  even  to  furnishing  a  poorly-paid  clergyman's 
children  with  milk. 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE.  91 

Chicago's  Early  Fiddler,  Mark  Beaubien. 

One  oi  the  noted  men  who  formed  an  essential  factor  in 
the  extemporized  enjoyments  of  early  Chicago  was  Mr. 
Mark  Beaubien.  He  was  born  in  Detroit,  Mich.,  in  1800, 
and  was  an  eye-witness  of  Gen.  Hull's  surrender  of  the 
American  army  in  1812.  He  came  to  Chicago  in  1826. 

Judge  Caton  says  of  him :  "  He  used  to  play  the  fiddle 
at  our  dances,  and  he  played  it  in  such  a  way  as  to  set  every 
heel  and  toe  in  the  room  in  active  motion.  He  would  lift 
the  sluggard  from  his  seat  and  set  him  whirling  over  the 
floor  like  mad!  If  his  playing  was  less  artistic  than  that 
of  Ole  Bull,  it  was  a  thousand  times  more  inspiring  to 
those  who  are  not  educated  up  to  a  full  appreciation  oi 
what  would  now  create  a  furor  in  Chicago ;  but  I  will  ven- 
ture the  assertion  that  Mark's  old  fiddle  would  bring  ten 
young  men  and  women  to  their  feet  and  send  them  through 
the  mazes  of  the  dance,  while  they  would  sit  quietly  through 
Ole  Bull's  best  performance — pleased,  no  doubt,  but  not 
enthused  so  that  they  could  not  retain  their  seats." 

Ex-Lieut.  Gov.  Bross,  in  alluding  to  old  times,  gets  off 
the  following  on  "  Mark  ":  "Not  satisfied  with  being  al- 
ready chief  ferryman,  as  well  as  a  merchant,  or  with  having 
experienced  the  clemency  of  the  court,  in  the  shape  of  a 
remittance  of  a  fine  of  ten  dollars,  "assessed  to  him  for  a 
fracas  "  with  John  G.  Hall,  he  also  applied  for  and  received 
a  license  to  "  keep  a  tavern,"  being  charged  therefor  the 
moderate  sum  ol  six  dollars.  As  an  offset  to  these  various 
evidences  of  favor,  he  well-nigh  met  with  a  worse  fate  than 
old  Charon,  for  he  was  "  ordered  "  to  ferry  the  citizens  of 
Cook  County  "  from  daylight  in  the  morning  until  dark, 
without  stopping"  The  reason  for  this  stringent  order,  as 
given  by  Dr.  Kimberly,  was  that  Mark  3,t  the  time  kept 
two  race  horses,  and  he  had  such  a  passior*  £><•  the  sports  of 


92  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

the  turf  that  he  would  every  day,  if  possible,  get  up  a  race 
with  some  of  the  Indian  "  bloods,"  and  sadly  neglect  his 
duty  to  ferry  the  good  .citizens  of  Cook  County  free,  accord- 
ing to  the  law  in  such  case  made  and  provided. 

Mark  Beaubien  still  lives,  and  at  the  recent  "  Old  Set- 
tlers' Reception,"  it  is  said,  fiddled  the  times  of  earler  days 
while  many  of  the  "  boys  "  of  ye  olden  times  danced  as  ol 
yore. 


Judge  Caton's  Chicago  Bear  Story. 

Late  in  1833  (says  Judge  Caton)  a  bear  was  reported  in 
the  skirt  of  timber  along  the  South  Branch,  when  George 
White's  loud  voice  and  bell — he  was  as  black  as  night  in  a 
cavern,  and  his  voice  had  the  volume  of  a  fog-horn,  and  he 
was  recognized  as  the  town-crier — summoned  all  to  the 
chase.  All  the  curs  and  hounds  of  high  and  low  degree 
were  mustered,  with  abundance  of  fire-arms  of  the  best 
quality  in  the  hands  of  those  who  knew  well  how  to  use 
them.  Soon  bruin  was  treed  and  despatched  very  near  to 
where  the  Rock  Island  Depot  now  stands. 

Then  was  the  time  when  we  chased  the  wolf  over  the 
prairies  now  within  the  city  limits,  and  I  know  some  that 
were  of  the  party  who  pursued  one  right  through  the  little 
hamlet  and  onto  the  floating  ice  near  old  Fort  Dearborn.  O, 
those  were  glorious  times,  when  warm  blood  flowed  rapidly 
no  matter  how  low  stood  the  mercury.  Then  in  winter  the 
Chicago  River  was  our  skating-rink  and  our  race-course. 

In  those  days  young  Caton  and  John  Bates  would  oc- 
casionally skate  up  the  south  branch  to  "  Hardscrabble," 
where  Bridgeport  is  now  located. 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE.  93 

The  First  Irishman  in  Chicago— His  Picture  as  Fainted  by  "  Long  John." 

The  names  of  the  voters  in  1830,  says  Mr.  Wentworth, 
indicate  a  large  influx  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  race;  but  among 
them  was  one  Irishman,  probably  the  first  who  ever  trod 
Chicago  soil. 

The  first  thought  that  occurred  to  me  was,  What  could 
bring  an  Irishman  out  here  all  alone  ?  Who  was  to  help 
him  celebrate  St.  Patrick's  Day?  Who  was  to  attend  his 
wake?  His  name  was  Michael  Welch.  What  have  our 
Irish  Aldermen  been  thinking  of,  that  they  have  never 
given  us,  in  honor  of  their  first  settler,  a  Welch  avenue,  a 
Welch  street,  a  Welch  school-house,  or  a  Welch  fire-engine? 

The  next  thought  that  occurred  to  me  me  was,  What 
could  he  be  doing  out  here  all  by  himself?  Now,  what 
would  an  Irishman  naturally  do  when  he  found  himself 
here  all  all  alone,  hundreds  of  miles  distant  from  any  other 
Irishman? 

He  was  a  bugler.  He  blew  his  horn.  He  was  a  dis- 
charged soldier,  and,  having  faithfully  served  out  his  time, 
he  stopped  long  enough  to  vote  the  straight  Jackson  ticket, 
and  then  joined  Captain  Jesse  Brown's  Rangers,  and 
marched  on  to  clear  the  Indians  out  of  the  way  of  his 
coming  countrymen,  who  were  already  aroused  by  his 
bugle's  blast,  as  his  patron  St.  Patrick,  centuries  before,  had 
cleared  the  snakes  out  of  his  way  in  the  land  of  his  na- 
tivity. 

Captain  Jesse  Brown  was  a  brother  of  the  late  Judge 
Thomas  C.  Brown,  of  our  Supreme  Court,  and  was  author- 
ized by  President  Jackson  to  raise  a  company  of  men,  who 
were  called  "  Brown's  Rangers,"  and  was  ordered  to  report 
to  Gen.  Stephen  W.  Kearney,  on  the  Western  frontier. 

There  is  a  prevailing  impression  that  Irishmen  never  go 
anywhere  except  in  squads.  But  the  history  of  the  Ameri- 
can Continent  will  prove  that  Irishmen  have  ventured  as 


94  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO, 

far  alone  upon  hazardous  explorations  as  any  other  men. 
But  he  dislikes  to  stay  alone.  Like  the  honey-bee,  when  he 
finds  a  good  thing,  he  wants  some  others  to  come  and  help 
him  enjoy  it. 

My  original  Congressional  district  extended  north  to  the 
Wisconsin  line,  west  to  the  Rock  River  Valley,  south  so  as 
to  embrace  Princeton,  LaSalle,  Bloomington,  Urbana,  and 
Danville.  I  had  to  travel  all  over  this  district  with  a  horse 
and  buggy,  and  visit  the  sparse  settlements.  I  often  found 
an  Irishman  cultivating  the  soil  alone.  But  when  I  made 
a  second  visit  I  found  some  more  Irishmen  there,  or  else 
the  original  one  had  gone. 

Gov.  Winthrop,  of  Boston,  in  his  journal  under  date  of 
1642,  tells  us  of  one  Darby  Field,  an  Irishman,  who  could 
not  rest  contented  after  his  landing  in  America  until  he  had 
climbed  to  the  top  of  the  White  Mountains.  He  was  the 
first  man  to  ascend  Mount  Washington,  and  when  asked 
why  he  went,  replied,  "  Merely  to  take  a  look  at  the  coun- 
try!" 

The  official  dispatches  of  one  of  the  battles  of  the  Mexi- 
can War  commended  the  conduct  of  Private  Sullivan,  of 
one  of  our  Chicago  regiments.  In  the  battle  he  had  ad- 
vanced before  his  company,  engaged  in  single  combat  with 
a  Mexican  officer,  and  killed  him.  I  called  President  Folk's 
attention  to  the  report,  and  asked  for  Sullivan's  promotion. 
He  referred  the  matter  to  the  Adjutant  General.  Time 
passed  along,  and  no  appointment  was  sent  to  the  Senate. 

I  called  upon  the  Adjutant  General,  and  he  read  me  a 
letter  from  Sullivan's  superior  officer,  commending  his 
courage  and  general  good  conduct,  but  strongly  protesting 
against  his  appointment  as  Lieutenant  in  the  regular  army, 
on  account  of  his  deficiency  in  West  Point  education. 

I  appealed  to  the  President,  and  it  did  not  take  long  to 
satisfy  him  that  good  fighting  in  war-time  would  counter- 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE.  95 

balance  all  deficiencies  in  education,  and  Sullivan  was  pro- 
moted. 

Some  time  after  the  close  of  the  war,  his  father  called 
upon  me,  said  he  had  not  heard  from  his  son  for  a  long 
time,  and  wanted  me  to  find  him. 

I  wrote  to  Washington,  and  received  for  answer  that  Sul- 
livan resigned -his  Lieutenancy  at  the  close  of  the  war.  In- 
side the  official  letter  was  a  note  marked  "  private  and  un- 
official." "  Tell  Sullivan's  father  to  read  the  news  from 
Mexico.  I  inclose  some  scraps  from  a  New  Orleans  news- 
paper, and  the  Col.  Sullivan  therein  mentioned  is  reported 
to  be  the  late  Lieut.  Sullivan  of  the  regular  army." 

Some  time  afterward  an  officer  of  the  army  gave  me  the 
following  account : 

After  the  close  of  the  war  with  Mexico,  some  of  the  officers 
were  tarrying  late  at  dinner,  when  Lieut.  Sullivan  entered  and 
was  saluted  with  "  Will  you  join  us,  Lieut.  Sullivan  ?  " 

"  Col  Sullivan,  if  you  please,  gentlemen,"  was  the  reply. 

Whereupon  one  of  the  officers  said :  "  It  will  not  surprise  us  at 
all  if  you  are  Col.  Sullivan.  If  your  killing  that  Mexican  was  of 
so  much  account  as  to  put  you  on  an  equality  with  us  who  have 
studied  four  years  at  West  Point,  and  have  seen  considerable 
active  service,  a  little  personal  favoritism  might  carry  you  still 
higher,  and  make  you  a  Colonel.  Why,  Lieut.  Sullivan,  if  you 
should  kill  another  Mexican,  those  politicians  at  Washington 
would  make  you  Commander-in-Chief !  " 

"  Gentlemen,"  said  Sullivan,  "  It  is  business  that  brings  me  here. 
Here  is  my  commission  as  Colonel  in  the  Mexican  revolutionary 
army,  and  now  you  know  my  authority.  And  now,  here's  my 
business  in  this  paper,  which  I  will  read."  He  then  read  a  paper 
authorizing  and  requesting  him  to  employ  a  competent  engineer 
upon  his  staff. 

The  officers  reminded  him  that  they  knew  nothing  of  the  face 
of  the  Mexican  country,  had  no  maps,  knew  not  his  route,  and  in- 
sisted that  they  could  be  of  no  service  to  him. 

"  You  do  not  understand  me,  gentlemen,"  replied  Sullivan;  "it 
is  not  for  what  I  am  going  to  do  that  I  want  any  of  your  assist- 
ance. I  only  want  you  to  map  it  out  after  I  have  done  it.  You 


96  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

are  always  talking  about  your  military  school,  and  what  you  have 
studied,  and  the  like  of  you  will  be  at  school  hereafter,  and  they 
will  want  to  study  Sullivan's  Route  to  the  Capital  of  Mexico ;  and 
if  ever  I  should  be  Emperor,  whom  should  I  want  for  Secretary  of 
War  but  my  own  Engineer  ?" 

Sullivan  set  out  upon  his  march  with  no  one  to  map  his 
route.  He  penetrated  forests  where  no  man  had  ever  been 
before.  He  came  out  of  forests  where  men  least  expected 
him.  He  appeared  to  be  everywhere,  and  the  inhabitants 
could  make  no  calculation  where  he  was  not.  They  either 
all  joined  him,  or  fled  before  him.  He  had  everything  his 
own  way,  until,  in  his  efforts  to  join  the  main  army,  he 
found  himself  in  the  fortified  country.  Here  he  missed 
his  engineer  and  his  military  education.  He  was  wounded, 
taken  prisoner,  marched  into  the  Plaza,  a  bullet  pierced  his 
heart,  and  that  was  the  last  of  Sullivan.  But  it  just  took 
a  Chicago  Irish  boy  to  teach  the  Emperor  Maximilian  how 
to  die  the  death  of  a  soldier  some  twenty  years  afterward ; 
and  Sullivan  had  as  much  right  in  Mexico  as  Maximilian. 


Cook  County  and  Chicago  in  1831— Sketched  by  Ex-Lieut.  Gov.  Bross. 

The  county  of  Cook,  in  1831  (says  Gov.  Bro&s),  embraced 
all  the  territory  now  included  in  the  counties  of  Lake,  Mc- 
Henry,  Dupage,  "Will,  and  Iroquois. 

At  that  time  Fort  Dearborn  was  occupied  by  two  com- 
panies of  United  States  infantry,  under  the  command  of 
Major  Fowle. 

The  resident  citizens  were  Mr.  Elijah  "Wentworth  and 
family,  occupying  a  house  partly  log  and  partly  frame, 
owned  by  Mr.  James  Kinzie. 

Mr.  "W.  kept  a  tavern,  the  best  in  Chicago. 

In  the  vicinity  of  this  tavern  resided  Mr.  James  Kinzie 
and  family,  Mr.  William  See  and  family,  Mr.  Alexander 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE.  97 

Robinson  and  family  (afterward  living  on  the  Desplaines, 
two  miles  north  of  River  Park,  where  he  died  only  a  few 
years  ago),  and  Mr.  Robert  A.  Kinzie,  who  had  a  store  com- 
posed of  dry  goods — a  large  portion  of  them  Indian  goods — 
groceries,  etc. 

Across  the  North  Branch  of  the  Chicago  River,  and 
nearly  opposite  Mr.  Wentworth's  tavern,  resided  Mr.  Sam- 
uel Miller  and  family,  and  with  them  Mr.  John  Miller,  a 
brother.  Mr.  Miller  also  kept  tavern.  On  the  east  side  ot 
the  South  Branch,  and  immediately  above  the  junction  with 
the  North  Branch,  resided  Mr.  Mark  Beaubien  and  family, 
who  also  kept  tavern ;  and  a  short  distance  above  him,  on 
the  South  Branch,  resided  a  Mr.  Bourisso,  an  Indian 
trader. 

Between  Mark  Beaubien's  tavern  and  Fort  Dearborn 
there  were  no  houses,  except  a  small  log  cabin,  near  the 
foot  of  Dearborn  street,  and  used  as  an  Indian  trading 
house. 

Near  the  garrison,  and  immediately  south,  on  the  prop- 
erty sold  by  James  H.  Collins,  Esq.,  to  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad  Company,  Was  the  residence  of  J.  B.  Beaubien  and 
family,  who  was  connected  with  the  American  Fur  Com- 
pany in  the  Indian  trade.  He  had  near  his  residence  a 
store,  containing  such  goods  as  were  suitable  to  the  busi- 
ness. A  short  distance  south  of  him  on  the  lake  was  a 
house,  then  unoccupied. 

On  the  north  side  of  the  river,  and  immediately  opposite 
the  garrison,  stood  the  old  "  Kinzie  House,"  as  it  was  com- 
monly called,  which  was  also  then  unoccupied,  and  in  a 
very  dilapidated  state. 

A  short  distance  above,  on  the  main  branch  of  the  river, 
and  on  the  ground  since  occupied  by  the  Chicago  and  Ga- 
lena Railroad  Company,  stood  what  had  been  the  Govern- 
ment Agency  house,  and  known  to  the  "  oldest  inhabitant" 

7 


98  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

as  "  Cobweb  Castle."  That  was  then  unoccupied,  Dr.  Wol- 
cott,  the  Government  Agent,  having  died  the  fall  before. 

In  its  vicinity  were  several  small  log  buildings  for  the 
accommodation  of  the  blacksmith,  interpreter,  and  others 
connected  with  the  Agency.  The  blacksmith  then  occupy- 
ing one  of  the  buildings  was  a  Mr.  Magee,  who  afterward 
lived  in  Dupage  County. 

Billy  Caldwell,  the  principal  chief  of  the  Ottawa,  Potta- 
watomie,  and  Chippewa  Indians,  occupied  another.  He 
was  then  interpreter  for  the  Agency. 

Col.  Thomas  J.  Y.  Owen,  who  had  been,  the  winter  be- 
fore, appointed  to  succeed  the  late  Dr.  Wolcott,  had  not 
then  taken  up  his  residence  in  Chicago;  G.  Kercheval,  who 
was  then  Sub- Agent,  was  a  resident. 

Dr.  E.  Harmon  and  James  Harrington  had  taken  up 
their  residence,  and  were  making  claims  on  the  lake  shore. 

Here  we  have  some  dozen  families  in  the  spring  of  1831, 
constituting,  with  the  officers  and  soldiers  in  the  fort,  the 
entire  population  of  Chicago. 

In  June  following,  the  garrison,  by  order  of  the  Secretary 
of  War,  was  abandoned  by  the  troops,  and  left  in  charge  of 
Col.  T.  J.  V.  Owen,  the  Government  Agent  of  the  Ottawa, 
Pottawatomie,  and  Chippewa  Indians;  and  by  September 
the  fort,  together  with  the  old  Kinzie  House  and  the  one 
on  the  lake  shore  (formerly  vacant),  were  filled  with  immi- 
grant families. 

In  the  latter  part  of  September  the  payment  of  the  In- 
dian annuities  was  made  by  Col.  Owen.  There  were  pres- 
ent on  that  occasion  about  four  thousand  Indians,  and 
among  them  was  a  deputation  of  eight  Sauk  and  Fox  In- 
dians, belonging  to  the  band  of  the  celebrated  Black  Hawk. 

Their  object  was  to  induce  the  Ottawas,  Pottawatomies, 
and  Chippewas  to  join  them  in  their  contemplated  invasion 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE.  99 

of  the  Rock  River  country,  and  wrest  it  from  the  whites, 
who,  they  alleged,  had  obtained  it  fraudulently. 

Had  it  not  been  for  the  influence  of  Billy  Caldwell,  little 
doubt  was  entertained  of  the  success  of  their  mission.  Cald- 
well was  well  advised  of  the  weakness  of  the  Indians  and 
the  strength  of  the  Government,  and  by  his  influence  and 
representations  prevented  the  alliance. 

After  the  payment,  a  scene  of  drunkenness,  debauchery, 
and  violence  occurred,  such  as  is  never  witnessed  except  at 
an  Indian  payment. 

During  the  fall,  in  the  month  of  November,  the  schooner 
Marengo,  belonging  to  Oliver  Newberry,  of  Detroit,  arrived. 
She  encountered  a  heavy  gale  on  Lake  Michigan,  which 
was  just  subsiding  on  her  arrival. 

There  being  no  harbor,  she  anchored  out  in  the  lake, 
more  than  half  a  mile  from  the  shore,  nearly  in  front  of 
the  fort,  where  she  remained  until  the  lake  became  suffi- 
ciently calm  to  unload.  This  could  only  be  done  by  the 
aid  of  small  boats,  crossing  "the  bar  at  the  mouth  of  the 
river,  which  then  emptied  into  the  lake  near  the  foot  of 
Randolph  street. 

The  Marengo  was  commanded  by  Captain  Stewart,  a 
veteran  sailor  who  had  long  been  in  the  employment  of  Mr. 
Newberry.  The  Telegraph,  which  arrived  in  July,  and  the 
Marengo  were  the  only  arrivals  during  the  season,  except 
the  one  that  transported  the  troops  to  Green  Bay. 

The  principal  part  of  the  population  of  Chicago  during 
the  winter  of  1831-2  occupied  the  quarters  in  the  garrison, 
and  were  ministered  to,  in  the  way  of  creature  comforts,  by 
that  estimable  citizen,  Geo.  "W.  Dole,  who  was  the  only 
merchant  then  in  Chicago,  except  Mr.  R.  A.  Kenzie  at 
"  Wolf  Point"  which  was  the  name  given  to  the  " settle- 
ment" at  the  junction  of  the  North  and  South  Branches. 

The  winter  was  long  and  intensely  cold,  and  the  popula- 


100  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

tion  of  the  surrounding  country  so  sparse  that  no  traveler 
could  be  found  sufficiently  reckless  to  traverse  it. 

There  were  then  no  mail  routes,post  routes  nor  post  offices 
at  Chicago,  and  the  only  means  its  inhabitants  had  of 
knowing  anything  of  the  world  was  by  sending  a  half- 
breed  Indian  once  in  two  weeks  to  Niles,  in  Michigan,  to 
procure  all  the  papers,  both  old  and  new,  that  could  be  had. 
"  Great  caution,"  says  Colonel  Hamilton,  "  was  exercised  in 
reading  the  old  first,  that  we  might  be  properly  advised  of 
events  in  the  world  as  they  occurred. 

"  The  trip  was  made  on  foot,  and  usually  occupied  a  week. 
The  arrival  of  '  the  mail '  was  an  event  of  quite  as  much 
interest  then  as  it  is  now;  but  notwithstanding  our  exclu- 
sion from  the  world,  we  were  not  unhappy,  and  doubtless 
enjoyed  ourselves  as  well  as  its  inhabitants  now  do." 

"A  debating  society  was  formed,  composed  of  most  of  the 
male  inhabitants  of  the  fort,  over  which  presided  J.  B. 
Beaubien  with  much  efficiency  and  dignity.  Although  not 
very  conversant  with  '  Jefferson's  Manual,'  he  had  no  oc- 
casion to  use  it,  as  every  member  was  disposed  to  be  orderly 
and  behave  himself;  and  each  and  all  felt  bound  to  contrib 
ute  as  much  as  possible  to  the  general  sum  of  knowledge 
and  usefulness. 

"To  vary  the  amusement,  a  dance  was  occasionally  got  up 
at  the  house  of  Mark  Beaubien,  Esq.,  and  for  those  who  had 
no  taste  for  such  amusements  a  religious  meeting  was  gen- 
erally held  once  a  week  in  the  fort  by  Mark  Noble,  Jr.,  and 
his  wife  and  two  daughters,  and  Mrs.  R.  J.  Hamilton,  who 
were  all  members  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church." 

Col.  Hamilton  has  paid  a  just  tribute  to  the  zeal  and  piety 
of  Mr.  Noble.  He  was  the  principal  speaker  at  all  these 
religious  meetings,  and  his  exertions  in  the  cause  of  truth 
were  greatly  blessed.  He  was  a  young  man  of  practical 
common  sense  and  great  ability,  and  well  fitted  for  a  stan- 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE.  101 

dard-bearer  on  the  borders  of  civilization.  It  will  be  seen 
that  the  Methodists  were  zealous  workers  in  the  great  cause 
in  Cook  County  and  Chicago  as  early  as  1831. 


Gen.  Winfield  Scott  in  Chicago— His  Official  Report  to  Gov.  Beynolds— An 
Interesting  Bit  of  History. 

The  following  is  taken  from  the  Louisville  (Ky.)  Adv&r- 
tiseroi'  July  27,  1832: 

HEADQUARTERS  !N".  W.  ARMY,  ) 
CHICAGO,  July  15,  1832.        j" 

SIR — To  prevent  or  correct  the  exaggerations  of  rumor 
in  respect  to  the  existence  of  cholera  at  this  place,  I  address 
myself  to  your  Excellency.  Four  steamers  were  engaged 
at  Buffalo  to  transport  United  States  troops  and  supplies  to 
Chicago.  In  the  headmost  of  these  boats,  the  Sheldon 
Thompson,  I,  with  my  staff  and  four  companies,  a  part  of 
Col.  Eustis'  command,  arrived  here  on  the  night  of  the  10th 
inst.  On  the  8th  all  on  board  were  in  high  health  and 

O 

spirits,  but  the  next  morning  six  cases  of  undoubted  chol- 
era presented  themselves.  The  disease  rapidly  spread  itself 
for  the  next  three  days.  About  one  hundred  and  twenty 
persons  have  been  affected.  Under  a  late  act  of  Congress, 
six  companies  of  rangers  are  to  be  raised  and  marched  to 
this  place.  Gen.  [Henry]  Dodge,  of  Michigan,  [Senator,] 
[then  embracing  Dodge ville,  Wis.]  is  appointed  Major  of 
the  battalion,  and  I  have  seen  the  names  of  the  Captains, 
but  I  do  not  know  where  to  address  them.  I  am  afraid  that 
the  report  from  this  place,  in  respect  to  cholera,  may  seri- 
ously retard  the  raising  of  this  force.  I  wish,  therefore, 
that  your  Excellency  would  give  publicity  to  the  measures 
I  have  adopted  to  prevent  the  spread  of  this  disease,  and 


102  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

of  my  determination  not  to  allow  any  junction  or  com- 
munication between  uninfected  and  infected  troops.  The 
war  is  not  at  an  end,  and  may  not  be  brought  to  a  close  for 
some  time.  The  rangers  may  reach  the  theater  of  opera- 
tions in  time  to  give  the  final  blow.  As  they  approach 
this  place,  I  shall  take  care  of  their  health  and  general 
wants. 

I  write  in  great  haste,  and  may  not  have  time  to  cause 
my  letter  to  be  copied.  It  will  be  put  in  some  postoffice  to 
be  forwarded  forthwith. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  your  Excellency's  most  obedient 
servant,  WINFIELD  SCOTT. 

His  EXCELLENCY  Gov.  JOHN  REYNOLDS. 


Early  P.  0.  Days—  "  Long  John"  Perched  on  a  Dry-Goods  Box,  Beads  to  the  Cit- 
izens the  New  York  Papers. 

"  Long  John  "  facetiously  describes  the  early  post-office 
days  as  follows:  One  of  our  most  reliable  places  of  enter- 
tainment was  the  Post-office,  while  the  mail  was  being 
opened.  The  Post-office  was  on  the  West  side  of  Franklin 
street,  cornering  on  South  Water  street.  The  mail  coach 
was  irregular  in  the  time  of  its  arrival,  but  the  horn  of  the 
driver  announced  its  approach. 

Then  the  people  would  largely  assemble  at  the  Post-office 
and  wait  for  the  opening  of  the  mails  which  at  times  were 
very  heavy.  The  Postmaster  would  throw  out  a  New  York 
paper,  and  some  gentleman  with  a  good  pair  of  lungs  and  a 
jocose  temperament  would  mount  a  dry-goods  box  and  com- 
mence reading. 

Occasionally  I  occupied  that  position  myself.  During  ex- 
citing times  our  leading  men  would  invariably  go  to  the 
Post-office  themselves,  instead  of  sending  their  employes. 


[103J 


104  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  news  would  be  discussed  by  the  assemblage,  and 
oftentimes  heavy  bets  would  be  made,  and  angry  words 
passed.  If  it  was  election  times,  there  would  be  two 
papers  thrown  out,  ol  opposite  politics,  two  reading  stands 
established,  two  readers  engaged,  and  the  men  of  each  party 
would  assemble  around  their  own  reader. 

This  condition  of  things  would  last  until  the  mails  were 
opened,  when  the  gathering  would  adjourn  until  the  next 
blowing  of  the  driver's  horn.  This  gathering  afforded  the 
best  opportunity  for  citizens  to  become  acquainted  one  with 
another. 


.  How  a  New  Silk  Dress  was  Exchanged  for  a  Fortune ! 

I  was  introduced,  says  an  old  settler  (in  the  early  days 
of  Chicago),  to  a  Lieutenant  in  the  army,  who  had  just 
come  to  take  charge  of  the  Government  works  in  this  city. 
He  had  great  confidence  in  our  future,  and  expressed  his 
intention  to  invest  all  his  means  here.  He  was  eventually 
ordered  away  to  some  other  station,  but  kept  up  his  interest 
in  Chicago. 

His  taxes  became  high,  too  high  in  proportion  to  his  pay 
as  an  army  officer  and  the  support  of  his  family.  His  wife 
had  once  placed  the  price  of  a  new  dress  in  a  letter  which 
was  to  leave  by  the  return  of  a  mail  which  brought  her 
husband  an  exorbitant  tax-bill. 

He  expressed  his  intention  of  ordering,  by  the  same  mail, 
the  sale  of  his  Chicago  property,  as  his  means  could  endure 
his  taxes  no  longer. 

His  wife  ordered  her  letter  from  the  mail,  took  out  the 
money,  and,  saying  that  she  preferred  the  Chicago  property 
to  a  new  dress,  insisted  that  he  should  use  it  to  pay  his 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE.  105 

Chicago  taxes.  The  next  summer  he  visited  our  city,  and 
rented  his  property  for  enough  to  pay  the  taxes. 

That  lady  lost  her  dress  for  that  year,  but  she  gained 
thereby  one  of  the  largest  and  most  celebrated  (Kingsbury) 
estates  in  our  city. 

The  narrator  wisely  adds:  I  mention  this  fact  to  warn 
our  ladies  that  they  should  never  ask  for  a  new  dress  until 
they  find  their  husband's  tax-receipt  in  his  wallet;  and  at 
the  same  time,  I  would  also  caution  husbands  not  to  try  to 
carry  so  much  real  estate  as  to  make  their  poorly-clad 
wives  and  children  objects  of  charity  when  they  make  their 
appearance  in  the  streets. 


Hon.  Isaac  N.  Arnold's  Story  of  Abraham  Lincoln. 

The  Hon.  Isaac  .N".  Arnold,  a  long,  and  honored  resident 
of  Chicago,  tells  the  following  interesting  incident  con- 
cerning the  early  surroundings  of  the  Garden  City  in  con- 
nection with  young  Lincoln,  Gurdon  S.  Hubbard,  and 
others : 

In  1832  John  Dixon  kept  the  ferry  across'  Rock  River, 
and  the  latch-string  of  his  hospitable  home  was  never  drawn 
in  against  the  stranger.  The  Black  Hawk  war  was  pend- 
ing, and  settlers  and  whole  families  had  been  killed  and 
scalped  upon  the  prairie. 

The  National  Government  sent  Gen.  Scott  with  some 
regular  troops  to  Chicago,  and  to  these  were  added  some 
companies  of  Illinois  mounted  volunteers,  called  out  by 
Governor  Reynolds,  to  aid  in  protecting  the  settlers  and 
chastising  the  Indians. 

Among  the  regulars  who  met  on  the  banks  of  Rock  River, 
at  the  crossing  then  called  "  Dixon's  Ferry,"  under  the  im- 


106  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

mediate  command  of  General  Atkinson,  were  Lieutenant 
Colonel  Zachary  Taylor,  subsequently  President  of  the 
United  States;  Lieutenant  Robert  Anderson,  the  hero  of 
Fort  Sumter;  Lieutenant  Jefferson  Davis,  and  Private 
Abraham  Lincoln,  of  Capt.  lies'  company  of  Illinois 
Mounted  Rangers. 

These  facts  I  received  from  John  Dixon,  a  hale  man  of 
more  than  eighty  years  (of  Dixon,  111.)  Anderson  and  Davis 
were  young  lieutenants,  just  from  West  Point,  and  Lincoln 
was  a  tall  and  boyish-looking  young  man  of  twenty-two. 
So  far  as  I  know,  our  fellow-citizen,  Gurdon  S.  Hubbard 
is  the  only  living  citizen  of  Chicago  who  was  engaged  in 
this  expedition  against  Black  Hawk. 

When  Major  Anderson  visited  Washington,  after  his 
evacuation  of  Fort  Sumter,  he  called  at  the  White  House 
to  pay  his  respects  to  the  President.  After  the  Chief  Mag- 
istrate had  expressed  his  thanks  to  Anderson  for  his  con- 
duct in  South  Carolina,  Mr.  Lincoln  said: 

"Major,  do  you  remember  of  ever  meeting  me  before? 

"  No,"  replied  Anderson  "  I  have  no  recollection  of  ever 
having  had  that  pleasure." 

"  My  memory  is  better  than  yours,"  said  Lincoln.  "You 
mustered  me  into  the  United  States  service,  as  a  high  pri- 
vate of  the  Illinois  volunteers,  at  Dixon's  Ferry,  in  the 
Black  Hawk  war." 

Father  Dixon,  the  ferryman,  and  guide  of  the  United 
States  forces,  and  even  then  well  known  by  the  Winneba- 
goes  as  "  Nachusa,"  or  "Whitehead,"  says  that  in  all  the 
marches,  whenever  the  forces  approached  a  grove  or  depres- 
sion, in  which  an  Indian  ambush  might  be  concealed,  and 
scouts  were  sent  forward  to  examine  the  cover,  Lincoln  was 
the  first  man  selected ;  and  he  adds  that  while  many,  as  they 
approached  the  place  of  suspected  ambush,  found  an  excuse 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE  107 

for  dismounting  to  adjust  girths  or  saddles,  Lincoln's  sad- 
dle was  always  in  perfect  order. 

"  Nachusa "  adds  two  or  three  other  facts  in  regard 
to  Lincoln  :  One  was  that  while  the  little  army  was  en- 
camped around  the  ferry,  every  evening,  when  off  duty, 
Lincoln  could  be  found  sitting  on  the  grass,  with  a  group 
of  soldiers,  eagerly  listening  to  his  stories,  of  which  his 
supply  seemed,  even  at  that  early  day,  inexhaustible;  and 
that  no  one  could  induce  the  young  volunteer  to  taste  the 
whisky  which  his  fellow-soldiers,  grateful  for  the  amuse- 
ment which  he  offered  them  often  pressed  upon  him. 


The  Hon.  John  Wentworth's  Early  Experience  in  Church  Matters -Not  Able 

to  Kent  but  Half  a  Pew— His  Description  of  Parson  Hinton's 

Sensational  Lectures  on  "The  Devil." 

Not  feeling  able  to  sustain  the  expense  of  a  whole  pew, 
I  engaged  one  in  partnership  with  an  unpretending  saddle 
and  harness  maker  (S.  B.  Cobb),  who,  by  a  life  of  industry, 
economy,  and  morality,  has  accumulated  one  of  the  largest 
fortunes  in  our  city,  and  still  walks  our  streets  with  as  little 
pretense  as  when  he  mended  the  harnesses  of  the  farmers 
who  brought  the  grain  to  this  market  from  our  prairies. 

The  church  building  in  those  days  was  considered  a  first- 
class  one,  and  we  had  a  first-class  pew  therein,  and  the  an- 
nual expense  of  my  half  of  the  pew  was  only  $12.50,  more 
than  it  would  have  been  in  the  Savior's  time. 

People  wonder  at  the  rapid  increase  in  the  price  of  real 
estate  at  the  West;  but  it  bears  no  comparison  with  the  in- 
crease in  the  price  of  gospel  privileges.  A  good  clergy- 
man is  well  worth  all  that  a  liberal-hearted  congregation 
may  see  fit  to  pay  him.  But  the  people  ought  to  cry  out 
against  the  reckless  waste  of  money,  steadily  increasing 


108  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO, 

in  the  erection  of  extravagant  church  edifices.  And  the 
pride  in  such  matters  seems  to  eat  up  all  other  considera- 
tions. 

During  the  recent  panic,  a  Christian  lady  of  this  city, 
with  a  large  family  of  children,  whose  husband  was  sud- 
denly reduced  from  opulence  to  penury,  astonished  me  by 
observing,  with  tears  in  her  eyes,  that  her  most  grievous 
affliction  was  that  she  would  be  compelled  to  give  up  her 
pew  in  the  church,  which  was  the  most  expensive  in  the 
city,  and  take  one  in  a  cheaper  edifice.  And  yet  our  peo- 
ple sing  in  every  church,  "  God  is  present  everywhere." 

At  the  close  of  service  one  day,  Parson  Hinton  said  he 
thought  Chicago  people  ought  to  know  more  about  the 
devil  than  they  did.  Therefore  he  would  take  up  his  his- 
tory, in  four  lectures. 

First  he  would  give  the  origin  of  the  devil. 

Second,  state  what  the  devil  has  done. 

Third,  state  what  the  devil  is  now  doing. 

And  fourth,  prescribe  how  to  destroy  the  devil. 

These  lectures  were  the  sensation  for  the  next  four  weeks. 
The  house  could  not  contain  the  mass  that  flocked  to  hear 
him,  and  it  is  a  wonder  to  me  that  those  four  lectures  have 
not  been  preserved.  Chicago  newspaper  enterprise  had  not 
then  reached  here. 

The  third  evening  was  one  never  to  be  forgotten  in  this 
city;  as  it  would  not  be  if  one  of  our  most  eminent  cler- 
gymen, with  the  effective  manner  of  preaching  that  Mr. 
Hinton  had,  should  undertake  to  tell  us  what  the  devil  is 
doing  in  this  city  to-day.  The  drift  of  his  discourse  was  to 
prove  that  everybody  had  a  devil;  that  the  devil  was  in 
every  store,  and  in  every  bank,  and  he  did  not  even  except 
the  church.  He  had  the  devil  down  the  outside  and  up  the 
middle  of  every  dance;  in  the  ladies'  curls,  and  the  gentle- 
men's whiskers.  In  fact,  before  he  finished,  he  proved  con- 


110  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO 

clusively  that  there  were  just  as  many  devils  in  every  pew 
as  there  were  persons  in  it;  and  if  it  were  in  this  our  day, 
there  would  not  have  been  swine  enough  in  the  Stock- Yards 
to  cast  them  into. 

When  the  people  came  out  of  church,  they  would  ask 
each  other:  "What  is  your  devil?" 

And  they  would  stop  one  another  in  the  streets  during 
the  week,  and  ask,  "  What  does  Parson  Hinton  say  your 
devil  is?" 

The  fourth  lecture  contained  his  prescription  for  destroy- 
ing the  devil.  I  remember  his  closing:  "  Pray  on,  breth- 
ren and  friends ;  pray  ever.  Fight  as  well  as  pray.  Pray 
and  fight  until  the  devil  is  dead  ! 

The  world,  the  flesh,  the  devil, 

Will  prove  a  fatal  snare, 
Unless  we  resist  him, 

By  faith  and  humble  prayer. 

In  this  grand  contest  with  his  Satanic  Majesty,  he,  our 
leader,  fought  gloriously,  but  he  fell  early  in  the  strife. 
We,  his  hearers,  have  kept  up  a  gallant  fight  to  this  day, 
but,  judging  by  our  morning  papers,  the  devil  is  far  from 
being  dead  in  Chicago. 


An  Amusing  Indignation  Meeting— How  State  Senators  Were  Tortured  in 
True  Indian  Style  and  Blown  to  Atoms. 

The  Hon.  Grant  Goodrich  is  responsible  for  this  story, 
graphically  illustrating  the  anger  of  young  Chicago  on  a 
certain  occasion  :  In  the  winter  of  1834-5,  Gurdon  S.  Hub- 
bard,  John  H.  Kinzie,  and  others  visited  the  Legislature  at 
Yandalia,  to  urge  the  passage  of  a  bill  to  commence  the 
work  on  the  canal. 

They  succeeded  well  in  getting  it  through  the  House  of 
Representatives,  and  securing  the  Bledsres  of  votes  enough 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE.  Ill 

to  carry  it  in  the  Senate  ;  but  two  Senators  who  had  agreed 
to  support  it  changed  their  minds,  and  secured  its  defeat. 

The  indignation  at  Chicago  was  hot  and  fierce,  and  she 
must  give  some  signal  expression  of  it.  A  cannon  was  pro- 
cured, effigies  of  the  offending  Senators  made,  and  placed  on 
the  bank  of  a  cellar,  whexe  the  Tremont  House  now  stands, 
and  John  and  Robert  Kinzie,  and  others,  performed  around 
them  the  ceremonies  which  the  Indians  practiced  around 
prisoners,  devoted  to  mockery,  torture,  and  an  ignominious 
death,  after  which  one  was  shot  into  fragments  from  the 
mouth  of  the  cannon. 

The  other  one  was  laid  upon  a  rude  bier,  and  carried  upon 
the  ice  in  the  river,  escorted  by  Geo.  White,  as  master  of 
ceremonies,  the  town  bell-ringer  and  the  only  negro  here. 
The  effigy  was  then  placed  over  a  can  of  powder,  which  was 
exploded,  up-heaving  the  ice,  and  blowing  the  Senator  high 
in  the  air,  and  tearing  him  into  fragments,  amidst  the  shouts 
and  jeers  of  the  multitude. 

We  were  compelled  (says  the  Judge)  to  furnish  our  own 
amusements,  and  this  is  a  specimen  of  the  way  in  which  it 
was  done. 


Laughable  Court  Work— Regulating  the  Price  of  Boarding,  Horse-Feed,  and 

"The  Drinks." 

The  Commissioners'  Court,  under  the  act  organizing  the 
county,  was  opened  March  8,  1831. 

The  first  record  we  have  is  that  "  Samuel  Miller,  Gholson 
Kercheval,  and  James  Walker,  Commissioners  tor  Cook 
County,  were  sworn  into  office  by  J.  S.  C.  Hogan,  Justice 
of  the  Peace.  William  See  was  appointed  Clerk  of  the 
Commissioners'  Court,  who,  after  being  duly  sworn  and  giv- 
ing bonds  '  according  to  law,  the  Court  proceeded  to  busi- 
ness.' 


112  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.     . 

"  Archibald  Clybourne  was  appointed  County  Treasurer, 
and  an  order  passed  that  the  '  S.  "W.  fraction  of  Sec.  10,  in 
T.  39  JS".,  E.  14:  East  of  the  third  principal  meridian,  be  en- 
tered for  county  purposes.' 

"  At  the  next  meeting,  March  9,  the  Treasurer  is  author- 
ized to  borrow  one  hundred  dollars,  with  which  to  enter  the 
land  before  mentioned,  and  he  is  directed  '  not  to  give  more 
than  six  per  cent,  interest.'  It  is  also  ordered  that  Jesse 
Walker  be  employed  to  enter  the  land,  that  Jedediah  Wooley 
be  nominated  to  the  Governor  for  County  Surveyor,  and 
that  there  be  three  precincts  in  the  County  of  Cook,  to-wit: 
'  The  Chicago  Precinct,'  the  '  Hickory  Creek  Precinct,'  and 
the  '  Dupage  Precinct.' 

"  The  boundaries  of  these  three  precincts  were  established, 
Judges  of  Election  appointed,  'and  the  times  and  the  places  of 
holding  the  same.  Grand  and  Petit  Jurors  were  selected, 
and  some  other  minor  business  transacted,  when  the  '  Court 
adjourned  until  Court  in  course.' " 

April  13,  1831. — A  special  term  was  held.  The  record 
says  :  "  Court  was  called  at  the  hour  of  10  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  and  Samuel  Miller  and  Gholson  Kercheval,  being 
present,  formed  a  quorum,  and  proceeded  to  business. 

"  Ordered,  That  there  be  a  half  per  cent,  levied  on  the 
following  description  of  property,  to  wit :  On  town  lots,  on 
pleasure  carriages,  on  distilleries,  on  all  horses,  mules,  and 
neat  cattle  above  the  age  of  three  years  ;  on  watches,  with 
their  appurtenances,  and  on  all  clocks." 

Elijah  "Wentworth  and  Samuel  Miller  were  licensed  to 
keep  a  tavern  in  the  town  of  Chicago,  and  taxed  therefor  the 
sum  of  $7  and  $5  respectively.  The  following  financial 
measure  was  also  adopted,  and  as  one  of  the  "  quorum  "  on 
this  occasion  was  also  one  of  the  prospective  "  tavern-keep- 
ers," we  have  a  right  to  presume  that  the  tariff  was  fairly 
adjusted : 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE.  113 

"  Ordered,  That  the  following  rates  be  allowed  to  tavern- 
keepers,  to  wit : 

Each  half-pint  of  wine,  rum,  or  brandy 25  cents, 

Each  pint  do 37%  " 

half  pint  of  gin 
pint  do 

gill  of  whisky 
half-pint    do 
pint  do 

For  each  breakfast  and  supper 25     " 

dinner 37%  " 

"        horse  feed 25     " 

Keeping  horse  one  night 50     " 

Lodging  for  each  man,  per  night 12%  " 

For  eider  or  beer,  one  pint 6^  " 

"  "         one  quart 12%" 

The  first  licensed  merchants  in  Cook  County,  as  appears 
from  the  licenses  granted  at  this  time,  were  B.  Laughton, 
Robert  A.  Kinzie,  Samuel  Miller;  and  the  first  auctioneer, 
James  Kinzie.  Russell  E.  Heacock  was  licensed  to  keep  a 
tavern  at  his  residence. 

Initiatory  steps  were  taken  for  the  establishment  of  a  ferry 
across  both  branches  of  Chicago  River,  at  the  forks,  over 
which  the  people  of  Cook  County,  with  their  "  traveling 
apraties"  (according  to  the  record),  were  to  be  passed  free. 
Rates  of  ferriage  were  specified  for  outsiders,  and  a  ferry 
scow  was  purchased  from  Samuel  Miller  for  sixty-five  dol- 
lars. 

At  the  next  meeting  of  the  Court,  Mark  Beaubien  filed  his 
bond  for  $200,  with  James  Kinzie  as  security,  and  having 
agreed  to  pay  into  the  Treasury  fifty  dollars,  and  "  to  ferry 
all  citizens  of  Cook  County  free,"  became  the  first  ferryman 
of  Chicago. 

During  vacation  of  Court,  permits  to  sell  goods  were  ob- 
tained from  the  Clerk  by  Alexander  Robinson,  John  B. 
Beaubien,  and  others. 

At  the  next  term  of  Court,  June  6,  Jesse  Walker,  who 

8 


114  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

had  been  commissioned  to  enter  the  land  selected  for  county 
purposes,  reported  that  he  had  been  refused  permission  to 
enter  the  same,  and  paid  back  the  money  put  into  his  hands 
for  that  purpose. 

The  fees  received  by  the  members  of  the  Commissioners' 
Court  at  this  time  were,  as  appears  from  appropriations 
made  them,  at  the  rate  of  $1.50  per  day  for  actual  term  time, 
which  were  paid  in  county  orders. 


Old  Jack,  the  Singing  Ferryman— A  Floating  Music  Hall. 

An  interesting  institution,  says  Mr.  Wentworth,  was  the 
ferry-boat  between  the  North,  and  South  sides.  It  was  a 
general  intelligence  office.  Business  was  done  principally 
upon  the  South  Side,  while  most  of  the  dwelling-houses 
were  upon  the  North  Side. 

The  ferryman  knew  about  every  person  in  town,  and 
could  answer  any  question  as  to  who  had  crossed.  The 
streets  had  not  been  raised  to  their  present  grade,  nor  the 
river  deepened  or  widened,  and  the  boat  was  easily  accessi- 
ble to  teams.  It  was  pulled  across  by  a  rope,  and  was  not 
used  enough  to  kill  the  green  rushes  which  grew  in  the 
river. 

If  a  lady  came  upon  the  South  Side  to  pass  an  evening, 
she  would  leave  word  with  the  ferryman  where  her  hus- 
band could  find  her.  Bundles  and  letters  were  left  with 
him  to  be  delivered  to  persons  as  they  passed.  He  was  a 
sort  of  superannuated  sailor,  and  ii  he  had  not  sailed  into 
every  port  in  the  world,  he  had  a  remarkable  faculty  of 
making  people  think  he  had. 

His  fund  of  stories  was  inexhaustible,  and  he  was  con- 
stantly spinning  his  interesting  yarns  to  those  who  patron- 
ized his  institution.  Like  most  sailors,  he  could  not  pull 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE.  115 

unless  he  sung,  and  to  all  his  songs  he  had  one  refrain  with 
a  single  variation.  His  voice  was  loud  and  sonorous.  If 
he  felt  dispirited,  his  refrain  was,  "  And  I  sigh  as  I  pull  on 
my  boat."  It  he  felt  jolly  (and  people  took  particular 
pains  to  make  him  so),  his  refrain  was,  "  And  I  sing  as  I 
pull  on  my  boat." 

All  night  long  this  refrain  was  disturbing  the  ears  of 
those  who  dwelt  near  the  banks  of  the  rive,r.  Song  after 
song  was  composed  for  him,  in  the  hope  of  changing  his 
tune,  but  it  "would  not  be  long  before  he  would  attach  to  it 
his  usual  refrain.  One  of  our  musical  composers  com- 
posed a  quadrille,  which  our  young  folks  used  to  dance 
in  the  evening  on  the  ferry,  during  certain  portions  of 
which  they  would  all  join  in  old  Jack's  refrain,  and  sing, 
"  And  we'll  dance  as  we  ride  on  the  boat." 

There  was  a  little  boy  who  took  great  delight  in  Jack's 
company,  whose  parents  lived  on  the  margin  of  the  river 
near  the  ferry,  and  as  in  the  last  of  his  sickness  he 
was  burning  with  a  violent  fever,  nothing  would  quiet  him 
but  the  sound  of  old  Jack's  voice.  Old  Jack  had  just  sung 
"  And  I  sigh  as  I  pull  on  my  boat,"  when  the  boy  whispered 
his  last  words  to  his  mother,  u  And  I  die  while  Jack  pulls 
on  his  boat." 

Jack  heard  of  this,  and  his  lungs  became  stronger  than 
ever.  Racking  both  his  memory  and  his  imagination  for 
songs,  all  night  long  he  sung,  with  his  plaintive  refrain, 
"  Charlie  dies  while  Jack  pulls  on  his  boat."  A  distinguished 
poetess,  traveling  at  the  "West  about  this  time,  was  tarrying 
at  the  "Lake  House,"  and  heard  of  the  incident.  She 
wrote  for  a  New  York  magazine  some  beautiful  lines  ap- 
propriate to  the  last  words  of  the  child  and  the  circum- 
stances. These  were  reproduced  in  our  Chicago  papers. 

Old  Jack  went  to  church  one  Sunday,  and  the  clergyman 
preached  from  the  text:  "  Whosoever  shall  be  ashamed  of 


116  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

Me  and  My  words,  of  Him  shall  the  Son  of  Man  be 
ashamed  when  He  shall  come  in  His  own  glory." 

After  church  was  over  the  clergyman  took  Jack  to  task 
for  making  so  much  noise  on  his  ferry-boat,  and  told  him 
he  was  going  to  have  him  removed. 

"  You  can't  do  it,"  said  Jack. 

"  Why  not? "  said  the  clergyman. 

"Your  sermpn,  sir,  your  sermon!  You  said  we  must 
make  a  practical  application  of  it." 

"  How  can  you  apply  that  to  your  position? " 

"  In  this  way,"  said  Jack;  "  the  Mayor  appoints  a  ferry, 
man.  I  will  just  tell  him,  he  that  is  ashamed  of  me  and 
my  boat,  of  him  will  I  be  ashamed  when  I  go  to  the  polls 
on  the  day  of  election." 

Jack  was  not  removed.  But  he  went  one  fall  to  the 
South  with  the  robins ;  but,  unlike  the  robins,  he  returned 
no  more.  He  probably  saw  the  coming  bridge. 


A  Wedding  Reminiscence  of  the  Great  Fire. 

A  wedding  fixed  for  the  week  after  the  great  fire  was 
postponed  by  a  letter  of  the  lady  to  her  lover,  who  was  in 
an  Eastern  city.  She  was  the  daughter  of  a  wealthy  mer- 
chant, and  in  the  letter,  after  telling  him  of  the  fire,  she 
wrote  : 

"  Our  wedding  will  have  to  be  postponed  for  at  least  one 
year,  as  I  am  in  no  condition  at  present  to  be  married;  not 
that  I  love  you  less  than  ever,  for  you  know  that  better  than 
I  can  tell  you,  but  that  we  have  no  house  to  live  in  and  my 
father  is  rendered  almost  destitute  by  the  fire.  His  place 
of  business  was,  as  you  know,  in  the  burnt  district,  and  was 
swept  away  in  company  with  a  number  of  others  the  second 
night  of  the  fire.  We  expect  to  have  a  new  house  built  in 


118  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

a  few  weeks,  just  around  the  corner  from  where  we  formerly 

resided,  near street  and avenue.  I  am  very  glad 

you  did  not  come  to  this  city  when  you  intended,  for  then 
you  would  be  as  the  rest  of  us,  half  scared  to  death.  Father 
was  up  at  the  time,  and  saved  two  suits  of  clothes — the  one 
he  had  on  and  another — but  we,  that  is  Mar.  Jeannette,  and 
I,  were  less  lucky.  You  would  have  been  surprised  to  see 
me,  the  morning  after  we  were  driven  out  of  the  house,  with 
a  pair  of  Jim's  old  pants  on,  one  slipper,  one  shoe,  and  a 
waterproof  cloak.  This  was,  indeed,  my  complete  outfit, 
and  it  was  not  until  yesterday  that  I  received  some  other 
clothes  from  my  cousin  Mary,  who  sent  them  from  Cincin- 
nati. That  would  have  made  a  splendid  wedding  suit, 
wouldn't  it? 

"  The  city  is  building  up  lively.  Work  is  lively,  but  a 
number  of  laborers  have  left  this,  the  doomed  city. 

"  Frank,  please  come  on  and  see  us  as  soon  as  you  can;  I 
want  to  see  you  very  badly." 

It  is  said  that  Frank  did  not  decline  that  invitation,  nor 
did  he  consent  to  postpone  the  wedding  a  year,  or  any  longer 
than  a  new  outfit  could  be  provided. 


How  a  Woman  was  Saved  in  the  Great  Fire  by  Brave  Men— A  Narrow  Escape. 

The  following  thrilling  episode  connected  with  the  great 
fire  is  narrated  by  an  eye  witness: 

A  woman  was  seen  at  the  window  of  a  building,  shrieking 
for  assistance.  The  building  was  on  fire  within,  and  the 
only  hope  of  escape,  the  staircases,  had  been  destroyed. 
The  walls  were  still  safe,  and  a  short  ladder  was  procured. 
A  man  with  long,  silvery  hair  mounted  a  box  and  cried  out: 

"  A  hundred  dollars  to  any  brave  man  who  will  go  to  her 
rescue !"  • 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE  lit) 

A  dozen  men  sprang  forward,  and  the  leader  said:  "We 
don't  want  your  money,  but  we  will  try!" 

Throwing  oft'  his  coat,  the  stranger  seized  a  rope,  ran  up 
the  ladder,  and  entered  the  lower  window.  He  was  lost  to 
view  for  a  moment,  but  soon  returned,  his  shirt  blackened 
with  the  smoke  and  burned  by  the  falling  embers. 

"  Let  some  one  come  up,"  he  shouted ;  "  I  want  some 
help." 

Another  followed,  and  the  ladder  was  drawn  in  and  pushed 
up  through  the  burning  flames  at  the  staircase.  They 
mounted  to  the  story  above  and  repeated  the  process.  They 
\vere  now  within  one  story  of  the  poor  woman.  She  mean- 
while had  been  caught  by  the  flames,  and  to  save  herself  had 
been  obliged  to  tear  off  her  outer  clothing. 

Not  a  moment  was  to  be  lost,  and  when  the  men  appeared 
at  the  window — with  hair  curled  with  the  intense  heat, 
their  clothing  in  rags  and  partially  burned — and  sent  down 
the  coil  of  rope  for  a  new  ladder  (theirs  having  been  broken 
by  a  falling  timber),  all  hope  seemed  gone.  But  by  great 
efforts  they  raised  the  ladder  to  where  they  were,  and  once 
more  essayed  to  reach  the  hapless  woman  above  them.  But 
the  flames  were  too  hot,  and  they  were  forced  back  from  the 
interior  to  the  window.  Here  they  essayed  to  throw  the 
rope  to  the  woman,  but  in  the  excitement  of  the  occasion 
they  could  not  succeed. 

The  leader,  however,  was  a  man  of  resources,  and  lowering 
the  rope  again,  he  started  for  the  hook.  One  was  attached, 
and  when  drawn  up  he  managed  to  hand  the  rope  to  the 
woman,  and  shouted  to  her  to  make  it  fast  and  descend  to 
them.  She  tied  the  rope  to  some  place,  still  strong  enough 
to  sustain  the  strain,  but  could  not,  in  her  weakness,  risk 
herself  in  the  descent. 

All  seemed  lost;  but  the  crowd  soon  beheld  the  first  of 
the  men  slowly  ascending  the  rope,  hand  over  hand.  Cheer 


120  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

after  cheer  hailed  him  as  he  drew  himself  into  the  window. 
In  a  moment  the  woman  was  lowered  to  the  story  below, 
where  she  was  seized  by  the  second  brave  rescuer,  who  drew 
her  into  the  room  and  waited  for  the  descent  of  his  com- 
panion. 

The  rope  was  not  long  enough  to  reach  from  where  it  was 
attached  to  the  pavement,  but  a  second  was  produced,  and 
a  piece  of  twine  attached  to  a  stone  was  thrown  in,  which 
enabled  them  to  haul  it  up.  The  two  then  lowered  the 
woman,  almost  "  in  natura  puribus"  to  the  street,  and  the 
first  lowered  the  second  and  then  came  down  himself. 


A  Dreadful  Scene  in  the  Washington  Street  Tunnel  During  the  Great  Fire. 

While  the  great  fire  was  raging  in  the  South  Division  a 
thrilling  scene  occurred  in  the  Washington  street  tunnel, 
which  led  to  the  West  Side.  Several  of  the  bridges  over 
the  South  Branch  being  on  fire,  the  tunnel  was  resorted  to 
by  thousands  of  people  who  desired  to  pass  from  one  divi- 
sion to  the  other. 

At  a  moment  when  the  passage-way  was  filled  with  pedes- 
trians, rushing  wildly  in  either  direction,  the  gas  suddenly 
gave  out,  and  all  were  left  in  total  darkness.  A  terrible 
panic,  a  collision,  and  the  trampling  to  death  of  the  weaker 
by  the  stronger  seemed  inevitable. 

But,  strange  as  it  may  seem,  everybody  in  that  dark 
recess  seemed  at  once  to  comprehend  the  necessity  for  cool- 
ness and  courage;  not  a  man  lost  his  presence  of  mind;  but 
all,  as  with  one  accord,  bore  to  the  right,  each  calmly  enjoin- 
ing upon  others  to  be  cool  and  steady,  and  to  march  steadily 
on  till  the  end  of  the  tunnel  could  be  reached. 

Rapidly,  but  without  confusion,  the  two  columns  moved 
on  through  the  thick  darkness  with  almost  military  preci- 


•      AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE.  121 

sion,  the  silence  being  broken  only  by  frequent  shouts  of 
"  right,"  "  right."  There  was  no  collision,  and  no  one  was 
harmed,  but  all  reached  the  ends  of  the  tunnel  in  safety,  and 
then,  for  the  first  time  in  almost  ten  minutes,  breathed 
freely. 


How  a  Cat  in  the  Old  Postoffice  Saved  its  Life  by  Jumping  into  a  Fail  of  Water 

One  of  the  features  of  the  Postoffice  was  the  "official  cat." 
This  notorious  feline  may  or  may  not  have  had  a  name;  at 
any  rate  it  is  not  now  known.  It  had  been  once  before 
burned  out,  and  was,  therefore,  in  a  measure  prepared  for 
this  calamity. 

On  the  night  of  the  great  fire  the  cat  was  present  and 
assisted  in  the  removal,  though  she  did  not  go  herself. 
Nobody  invited  her,  and  she  was  too  much  of  a  public-spir- 
ited employe  to  go  without  permission. 


122  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

When  the  work  afterward  of  removing  the  safes  was  in 
progress,  the  tearing  away  of  a  partition  revealed  the  faith- 
ful public  servant  in  a  pail  partially  filled  with  water.  She 
had  rented  this  as  temporary  quarters,  and  apparently  enjoyed 
the  cool  shelter  which  it  aiforded.  From  her  position  it 
appeared  impossible  that  she  could  have  gone  away  and 
returned  after  the  fire,  and  so  she  may  be  set  down  as  a  liv- 
ing being  who  passed  Sunday  night  and  Monday  in  the 
burnt  district. 


A  Remarkable  Incident  in  the  Great  Fire,  where  a  Man  Saves  his  House  by 
Throwing  Hard  Cider  on  it. 

A  policeman  named  Bellinger  lived  in  a  small,  white, 
wooden  cottage  on  Lincoln  place.  When  he  saw  the  fire 
coming  he  hauled  up  the  sidewalk,  raked  up  the  leaves  and 
burned  them,  hewed  down  the  fence  and  carried  it  into  the 
house  in  pieces,  and  notified  his  neighbors  that,  live  or  die, 
he  would  stick  to  that  house. 

The  fire  advanced  and  gave  battle.  It  flung  torches  into 
his  porch;  it  hurled  them  through  the  windows.  It  began 
and  kept  up  a  hot  bombardment  of  flaming  shot  upon  the 
roof. 

He  met  it  at  every  point;  with  hands  and  boots,  with 
water  and  wet  blankets,  and  finally  as  the  last  wave  of  fire 
enveloped  the  building  in  a  sirocco,  and  whirled  through  the 
crackling  tree-tops,  and  gyrated  madly  over  the  adjacent 
walls,  and  wavered  and  whirled  over  the  smoking  roof,  Bel- 
linger cast  a  pail  into  his  cistern  and  it  was  dry.  The 
blankets  were  on  fire. 

Then  the  Bellinger  genius  rose  triumphant.  He  assaulted 
his  cider  barrels,  and  emptied  their  contents  on  the  roof.  It 
was  the  coup  de  guerre*  It  gave  him  victory.  His  blankets 
were  scorched,  his  hands  blistered,  his  boots  distorted,  and 
his  cider  spilled,  but  his  house  was  saved! 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE.  123 

The  Hon.  Isaac  N.  Arnold's  Personal  Experience  in  the  Great  Chicago  Fire— A 
Graphic  Description  of  that  Wonderful  Conflagration. 

The  Hon.  Isaac  N.  Arnold,  the  friend  and  biographer  of 
President  Lincoln,  whose  name  is  well  known  in  this  and 
other  countries,  and  who  is  still  a  resident  of  Chicago,  de- 
scribes his  own  thrilling  adventures  in  the  great  tire  as 
follows : 

There  was  literally  a  rain  of  fire.  It  caught  in  the  dry 
leaves;  it  caught  in  the  grass;  in  the  barn;  in  the  piazza; 
and  as  often  as  it  caught  it  was  put  out.  before  it  got  any 
headway.  When  the  barn  first  caught,  the  horses  and  cows 
were  removed  to  the  lawn.  The  fight  was  continued,  and 
with  success,  until  3  o'clock  in  the  morning. 

Every  moment  flakes  of  fire  falling,  touching  dry  wood, 
with  the  high  wind,  would  kindle  into  a  blaze,  and  the  next 
instant  would  be  extinguished.  The  contest  after  3  o'clock 
grew  warmer  and  more  fierce,  and  those  who  fought  the 
devouring  element  were  becoming  exhausted. 

The  contest  had  been  going  on  from  half-past  1  until 
after  3,  when  young  Arthur  Arnold,  a  lad  of  13,  called  to 
his  father:  "  The  barn  and  hay  are  on  fire!" 

"The  leaves  are  on  fire  on  the  east  side,"  said  the 
gardener. 

"The  front  piazza  is  in  a  blaze,"  cried  another;  "the 
front  greenhouse  is  in  flames,  and  the  roof  on  fire." 

"  The  water  has  stopped!"  was  the  last  appalling  an- 
nouncement. 

"  Now,  for  the  first  time,"  says  Mr.  A.,  "  I  gave  up  hope 
of  saving  my  home,  and  considered  whether  we  could  save 
any  of  the  contents.  My  pictures,  papers,  and  books,  can 
I  save  any  of  them  ? "  An  effort  was  made  to  cut  down 
some  portraits,  a  landscape  of  Kensett,  Otsego  Lake,  by 
Mignot — it  was  too  late!  Seizing  a  bundle  of  papers, 
gathering  the  children  and  servants  together,  and  leading 
forth  the  animals  they  started.  But  where  to  go? 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE.  125 

They  were  surrounded  by  fire  on  three  sides ;  to  the  south, 
west,  and  north  raged  the  flames,  making  a  wall  of  fire  and 
smoke  from  the  ground  to  the  sky;  their  only  escape  was 
east  to  the  lake  shore.  Leading  the  horses  and  cow,  they 
went  to  the  beach.  Here  were  thousands  of  fugitives 
hemmed  in  and  imprisoned  by  the  raging  element.  The 
sands,  from  the  Government  pier  north  to  Lill's  pier,  a  dis- 
tance of  three-quarters  of  a  mile,  were  covered  with  men, 
women,  and  'children,  some  half-clad,  in  every  variety  of 
dress,  with  the  motley  collection  of  things  which  they 
sought  to  save. 

Some  had  silver,  some  valuable  papers,  some  pictures, 
some  old  carpets,  beds,  etc.  One  little  child  had  her  doll 
tenderly  pressed  in  her  arms,  an  old  woman  a  grunting  pig, 
a  fat  woman  had  two  large  pillows,  as  portly  as  herself, 
which  she  had  apparently  snatched  from  her  bed  when  she 
left.  There  was  a  singular  mingling  of  the  awful,  the  lu- 
dicrous, and  the  pathetic. 

Mrs.  Arnold  and  her  little  daughter  Alice  had  been  sent 
away  to  the  residence  of  Mrs.  Scudder,  and  the  party  were 
accordingly  separated,  a  circumstance  which  added  to  the 
anxiety  of  the  wanderers. 

After  toiling  along  W.  B.  Ogden's  pier,  they  hired  a 
small  row-boat,  and  were  conveyed  to  the  lighthouse,  where 
they  were  cordially  received  by  the  authorities,  and  other 
refugees  who  had  preceded  them.  The  party  remained 
prisoners  in  the  lighthouse,  and  on  the  pier  on  which  it 
stood,  for  several  hours. 

The  shipping  above  in  the  river  was  burning;  the  im- 
mense grain  elevators  of  the  Illinois  Central  and  Galena 
Railroads  were  a  mass  of  flames,  and  the  pier  itself,  some 
distance  up  the  river,  was  slowly  burning  toward  the  light- 
house. 

A  large  propeller  fastened  to  the  dock  a  short  distance 


126  STORTES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

up  the  river  caught  fire,  and  the  danger  was  that  as  soon 
as  the  ropes  by  which  it  was  fastened  burned  off  it  would 
float  down  stream  and  set  fire  to  the  dock  in  the  immediate 
vicinity  of  the  lighthouse.  Several  propellers  moved  down 
near  the  mouth  of  the  river,  and  took  on  board  several  hun- 
dred fugitives  and  steamed  out  into  the  lake. 

If  the  burning  propeller  came  down  it  would  set  fire  to  the 
pier,  the  lighthouse,  and  vast  piles  of  lumber,  which  had 
as  yet  escaped  in  consequence  of  being  directly  on  the 
shore  and  detached  from  the  burning  mass.  A  fire  com- 
pany was  organized  of  those  on  the  pier,  and  with  water 
dipped  in  pails  from  the  river  the  fire  kept  at  bay,  but  all 
felt  relieved  when  the  propeller  went  to  the  bottom.  The 
party  were  still  prisoners  on  an  angle  of  sand,  and  the 
fire  running  along  the  north  shore  of  the  river.  The 
river  and  the  fire  prevented  an  escape  to  the  south,  west, 
and  north.  The  fire  was  still  raging  with  unabated  fury. 

The  party  waited  for  hours,  hoping  the  fire  would  sub- 
side. The  day  wore  on,  noon  passed,  and  1  and  2  o'clock, 
and  still  it  seemed  difficult,  if  not  dangerous,  to  escape  to 
the  north.  Mr.  Arnold,  leaving  his  children  in  the  light- 
house, went  north  toward  Lill's,  and  thought  it  was  prac- 
ticable to  get  through,  but  was  not  willing  to  expose  the 
females  to  the  great  discomfort  and  possible  danger  of  the 
experiment. 

Between  3  and  4:  in  the  afternoon  the  tug-boat  Clifford 
came  down  the  river  and  tied  up  near  the  lighthouse.  Could 
she  return — taking  the  party  up  the  river — through  and 
beyond  the  fire  to  the  West  Side,  or  was  it  safer  and  better 
to  remain  at  the  lighthouse?  If  it  and  the  pier,  the  lum- 
ber and  shanties  around  should  burn  during  the  night,  as 
seemed  not  unlikely,  the  position  would  not  be  tenable,  and 
might  be  extremely  perilous ;  besides,  Mr.  A.  was  extremely 
anxious  to  know  that  Mrs.  A.  and  little  Alice  were  safe. 


128  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

Kush,  Clark,  State,  and  Wells  street  bridges  had  all  burned, 
and  their  fragments  had  fallen  into  the  river.  The  great 
warehouses,  elevators,  storehouses,  docks  on  the  bank  of  the 
river,  were  still  burning,  but  the  fury  of  the  fire  had  ex- 
hausted itself. 

The  party  resolved  to  go  through  this  narrow  canal  or 
river  to  the  south  bank,  outside  the  burning  district.  This 
was  the  most  dangerous  experience  of  the  day.  The  tug 
might  take  fire  herself,  the  wood- work  of  which  had  been 
blistered  writh  heat  as  she  came  down;  the  engine  might 
get  out  of  order  and  the  boat  become  unmanageable  after 
she  got  inside  the  line  of  fire,  or  she  might  get  en- 
tangled in  the  floating  timber  and  debris  of  the 
bridges.  However,  the  party  determined  to  go. 

A  full  head  of  steam  was  gotten  up,  the  hose  was  at- 
tached to  the  engine,  so  that  if  the  boat  or  clothes  caught 
it  could  be  put  out.  The  children  and  ladies  were  put  in 
the  pilot  house,  and  the  windows  shut  and  the  boat  started. 
The  men  crouched  clear  to  the  deck  behind  the  butt  works, 
and  with  a  full  head  of  steam  the  tug  darted  past  the  abut- 
ments of  Rush  street  bridge;  as  they  passed  the  State  street 
bridge  the  pilot  had  to  pick  his  way  carefully  among  falling 
and  floating  timber. 

The  extent  of  the  danger  was  now  obvious,  but  it  was 
too  late  to  retreat.  As  the  boat  passed  State  street  the 
pump  supplying  cold  water  ceased  to  work,  and  the  exposed 
wood  in  some  parts  was  blistering.  "  Snatching  a  handker- 
chief," says  Mr.  Arnold,  "  I  dipped  it  in  water,  and  covering 
the  face  and  head  of  Arthur,  whose  hat  the  wind  had  blown 
away,  I  made  him  lie  flat  on  the  deck,  as  we  plunged  for- 
ward through  the  fiery  furnace.  On  we  sped  past  Clark 
and  Wells  streets." 

"  Is  not  the  worst  over?"  asked  Mr.]Arnold  of  the  Captain, 
as  the  boat  dashed  on  and  on. 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE. 


129 


"  We  are  through,  sir,"  answered  the  Captain. 

"  We  are  safe."  "  Thank  God!"  came  from  hearts  and  lips 
as  the  boat  emerged  from  the  smoke  into  the  clear,  cool  air 
outside  the  fire  lines." 

The  party  went  ashore  at  Lake  street,  and  Mr.  Arnold 
commenced  a  search  for  his  wife  and  child,  whom  he  found 
had  gone  to  Evanston.  It  was  not  until  the  next  night 
that  the  whole  family  were  united  at  the  residence  of  Judge 
Drummond. 


130  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

Singular  Incident  in  Connection  With  the  Great  Fire. 

On  State  street  was  the  fine  row  of  five-story  marble- 
front  buildings  known  as  "  Booksellers'  Row."  These 
magnificent  buildings  were  one  hundred  and  ninety  feet 
deep,  and,  including  the  basements,  were  filled  with  books 
and  stationery.  Griggs  &  Co.,  besides  a  large  stock  of  im- 
ported works,  had  whole  floors  of  school  books.  The  West- 
ern News  Company,  besides  its  immense  sales-room,  had  a 
force  of  sixty  persons  engaged  in  packing  goods. 

All  these  stores  were  elaborately  finished,  and  of  course 
included  heavy  stocks  of  paper  and  other  stationery. 

An  exploration  of  the  ruins  failed  to  discover  a  single 
book,  or  a  sheet  or  a  quire  of  paper. 

The  only  legible  thing  found  was  a  single  leaf,  badly 
scorched,  of  a  Bible,  and  this  is  said  to  have  contained  that 
part  of  the  first  chapter  of  Jeremiah  which  opens: 

"  How  doth  the  city  set  solitary  that  was  full  of  people,  how  she 
became  as  a  widow. 

"She  weepeth  sore  in  the  night,  and  her  tears  are  on  her 
cheeks." 

That  is  all  that  was  left  of  the  more  than  a  million  of 
books  contained  in  all  these  immense  stores. 


Bits  of  History. 

CHICAGO  had  a  debating  society  as  early  as  1831,  with  J. 
B.  Beaubien  for  the  first  President.  It  was  considerable 
of  an  "  institution  "  during  its  day. 

HON.  JOHN  WENTWOKTH  arrived  in  Chicago  Oct.  25,  1836, 
and,  as  he  laughingly  asserts,  was  in  time  to  see  the  first 
white  man  hung,  which  occurred  on  the  open grairie,  south 
of  the  Court  House. 


AMUSING  AND  OTHERWISE.  151 

THE  first  will  on  record  is  that  of  Alexander  Wolcott, 
filed  April  27th,  1831,  before  R  J.  Hamilton,  Judge  of  Pro- 
bate. 

EVEN  Chicago  was  "  slightly  tainted  "  with  negro  slavery. 
"  Black  Jim  "  was  a  negro  slave,  owned,  it  is  said,  by  John 
Kinzie,  who  brought  the  sable  brother  to  Fort  Dearborn 
in  1804. 

THE  first  lady  visitors  to  Chicago  from  New  England  were 
Mrs.  Lydia  Pomeroy  and  Mrs.  Beard  (mother  of  the  cele- 
brated artist  by  that  name)  and  wife  of  Captain  James 
Beard,  who  commanded  the  vessel  "  Selina,"  and  entered 
the  port  of  Chicago  in  the  summer  of  1809. 

LOCAL  rivalries  made  their  appearance  in  the  young  city 
as  early  as  1831.  At  that  date  there  were  only  two  mer- 
chants, and  one  of  these — R.  A.  Kinzie — was  located  on 
the  West  Side,  at  "  Wolf  Point"  which  was  the  name  given 
to  the  "  settlement "  at  the  junction  of  the  north  and  south 
branches  of  the  river.  The  other  merchant,  Geo.  W.  Dole, 
resided  in  "  the  lower  village,"  on  the  South  Side  near  where 
the  Tremont  now  stands.  After  much  advice  and  mature 
deliberation,  P.  F.  W.  Peck,  a  third  merchant,  who  arrived 
in  1831,  determined  to  locate  in  the  "  lower  village,"  be- 
lieving it  would  ultimately  be  the  future  Chicago. 

MORE  than  half  a  century  since,  I  first  came  to  Chicago 
on  horseback,  from  Saint  Louis,  stopping  on  the  way  at  the 
log-cabins  of  the  early  settlers,  and  passing  the  last  house 
at  the  mouth  of  Fox  River.  I  was  married  in  Chicago, 
having  to  send  a  soldier  one  hundred  and  sixty  miles,  on 
foot,  to  Peoria,  for  a  license.  The  northern  counties  in  the 
State  had  not  then  been  organized,  and  were  all  attached  to 
Peoria  County.  My  dear  wife  is  still  alive  and  in  good 
health;  and  I  can  certify,  a  hundred  times  over,  that  Chicago 
is  a  first-rate  place  from  which  to  get  a  good  wife. — David 
Hunter,  Washington,  D.  C.,  1879. 


WONDERS  AND  BEAUTIES. 


The  Parks  and  Boulevards. 


The  parks  and  boulevards  of  Chicago  are  remarkable  for 
their  numbers,  magnificence,  beauty,  and  the  short  space  of 
time  in  which  they  have  been  brought  to  such  a  high  degree 
of  perfection.  What  was  recently  but  a  dry,  dead  level,  and 
comparatively  barren  prairie,  as  if  by  magic  has  been 
changed  into  magnificent  spaces  of  rivers,  lakes,  lawns,  and 
groves,  with  all  the  park  accompaniments  of  older  cities. 
The  visitor  should,  therefore,  as  he  glides  through  these 
immense  pleasure  grounds,  remember  that  about  all  he  sees 
that  make  up  the  Chicago  parks  has  been  "  imported,"  and 
that  all  this  has  been  effected  with  much  labor  of  head  and 
hand,  and  at  great  expense. 

1133] 


WONDERS  AND  BEAUTIES.  135 

The  Boulevards,  as  shown  in  the  accompanying  map,  con- 
nect the  principal  parks,  and  will  form,  when  completed,  a 
continuous  drive  of  30  miles,  with  a  width  varying  from  150 
to  250  feet. 


Lincoln  Park. 

This  popular  park  is  located  on  the  lake  shore,  two  miles 
north  of  the  Court  House,  and  is  easily  accessible  by  the 
Clark  or  "Wells  street  line  of  street  cars,  or — in  the  summer — 
by  excursion  boats,  which  usually  start  from  Clark  street 
bridge.  A  more  pleasant  way,  perhaps,  would  be  to  take  a 
carriage  and  pass  into  the  park  via  the  celebrated  "Lake 
Shore  Drive,"  which  you  will  enter  at  the  North  Side 
"Water  "Works."  Lincoln  Park  has  a  frontage  on  Lake 
Michigan  of  two  and  a  quarter  miles,  and  contains  250  acres. 


WONDEES  AND  BEAUTIES.  w 

It  is  noted  for  its  chain  of  miniature  lakes  in  the  center, 
the  magnificent  view  of  Lake  Michigan  along  its  eastern 
boundary,  its  beautiful  flower  beds,  zoological  gardens,  and 
extensive  groves  of  natural  foliage. 

It  is  said  that  fully  1,500,000  persons  visited  these  lovely 
grounds  during  the  past  year,  and  that  as  many  as  3,000 
vehicles  passed  through  it  in  a  single  day. 

In  the  northern  portion  of  the  Park  will  be  found  several 
extensive  hot-houses  and  hot-beds;  also  the  "French  Flower 
Garden,"  in  the  center  of  which  is  the  fountain  presented 
by  Ferry  H.  Smith,  Esq.  The  lover  of  flowers  will  be 
highly  delighted  with  a  visit  to  this  region  of  Lincoln  Park. 


The  Zoological  Gardens  in  Lincoln  Park. 

In  this  fine  collection  will  be  found  buffalo,  elk,  wolves, 
foxes,  and  other  animals.  A  sea  lion  has  been  recently 
introduced,  and  the  lakes  are  tenanted  by  swans,  geese, 
ducks,  and  other  fowls. 

The  "  Bear  Pit "  is  an  interesting  place  at  the  north  end 
of  the  Park,  which  the  visitor  should  not  fail  to  see.  Here 
the  bears — a  wild  specimen  of  which  was  killed  within  the 
"city  limits"  not  a  great  many  years  ago — are  snugly  "at 
home,"  and  are  quite  willing  to  show  their  dexterity,  at 
least  occasionally,  by  climbing  to  the  tip-top  of  the  snarly 
oak  tree  at  the  mouth  of  their  caverns. 

There  are  also  several  specimens  of  "  the  great  American 
eagle,"  with  room  enough  to  "spread  their  wings,"  and  other 
native  birds,  comfortably  housed  in  this  Park. 


THE    PARKS    OF    CHICAGO. 


[1381 


WONDERS  AND  BEAUTIES. 


139 


Union  Park. 

This  is  a  little  gem  park  in  the  West  Division,  bounded 
by  Ashland  and  Ogden  avenues  and  Madison  and  Lake 
streets.  It  abounds  with  rustic  bridges,  miniature  lakes, 
etc.,  and  is  a  popular  resort.  Take  the  Madison  or  Randolph 
street  cars  west  to  Ogden  avenue,  distant  one  and  a  half 
miles  from  the  business  center. 


140 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHIC; AW). 


South  Park. 

South  Park,  including  South  Park  proper,  the  Lake  Shore 
Park,  and  the  Boulevards,  contains  1,003  acres,  located  in 
the  southern  part  of  the  city,  about  six  miles  from  the  Court 
House.  These  parks  are  approached  by  two  magnificent 
roadways,  known  as  the  Drexel  Boulevard  (sometimes  called 
the  Grove  Parkway)  and  the  Grand  Boulevard,  each  200 
feet  in  width,  the  former  having  a  continuous  stretch  of  fine 
floral  ornamentation  in  its  center.  There  are  fourteen  miles 
of  driveway  and  thirty  miles  of  walks  in  these  parks.  It  is 
said,  when  fully  completed,  as  a  park  system  they  will  be 


WONDERS  AND  BEAUTIES.  141 

unsurpassed  by  any  grounds  in  the  world.  Enough  has 
already  been  done  to  render  them  exceedingly  attractive. 
The  "  South  Open  Green " — said  to  be  the  largest  un- 
broken lawn  in  the  world — which  greets  the  eye  of  the 
visitor  as  he  enters  the  north  end  of  the  "  System,"  is  but 
the  preface  page  of  the  wondrous  beauties  now  being  de- 
veloped in  these  parks.  The  Drexel  Boulevard  is,  perhaps, 
not  surpassed  by  any  similar  driveway  in  the  country.  No 
visitor  fails  to  see  it,  as  well  as  the  whole  South  Park  Sys- 
tem, for  it  is  worth  while  to  see  a  park  "  in  process  o*f  erec- 
tion," as  well  as  the  grounds,  which  are  ultimately  to  be- 
come the  finest  in  the  world. 

Visitors  can  easily  reach  the  South  Park  by  taking  the 
Cottage  Grove  avenue  cars  on  State  street  and  going  to 
Thirty-ninth  street,  where  connection  is  made  with  steam 
cars,  or  phaetons  (in  the  summer),  to  the  park.  It  can  also 
be  reached  by  railroad  from  the  depot  at  foot  of  Lake  street; 
also  by  carriage  drive  up  Michigan  or  Wabash  avenues  to 
South  Park  avenue,  and  thence  over  the  Grand  Boulevard. 

Central  Park. 

Central  Park  is  located  near  the  western  limits  of  the 
city,  about  four  miles  from  the  Court  House,  and  is 
accessible  to  visitors  by  the  Madison  street  cars,  which  carry 
passengers  to  the  main  entrance.  This  park  covers  185 
acres,  and  contains  some  very  beautiful  artificial  lakes,  lawns, 
groves,  etc.,  and  the  foundations  of  the  unfinished  "  Fire 
Monument,"  which  was  to  have  been  built  out  of  the  many 
great  iron  safes  ruined  by  the  great  fire. 

Humboldt  Park. 

This  park,  which  covers  200  acres,  is  located  in  the  north- 
western part  of  the  city,  and  may  be  reached  by  the  Milwau- 
kee avenue  cars.  It  is  noted  for  its  fine  lakes  and  band 
stand.  Humboldt,  Central,  and  Douglas  Parks  are  con- 
nected by  boulevards  250  feet  in  width. 


142 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 


Jefferson  Park. 

This  is  a  petite,  but  very  beautiful  park,  in  the  West 
Division,  bounded  by  Monroe,  Throop,  and  Adams  streets 
and  Center  avenue.  No  carriages  enter  this  park,  which 
renders  it  popular  with  the  little  ones.  Take  the  Madison 
street  cars  to  Center  avenue,  and  go  south  one  square. 


VIEW  IN  JEFFERSON  PARK. 


VIEW  IN  UNION  PAKK. 


144  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

Douglas  Park. 

Douglas  Park  is  in  the  southwestern  part  of  the  city,  four 
miles  from  the  Court  House.  Though  among  the  newest, 
it  is  a  magnificent  park.  It  contains  180  a,  .  Visitors 
will  find  the  Ogden  avenue  cars  (a  branch  of  tue  Madison 
street  lines)  the  most  convenient  to  reach  this  pleasure- 
ground. 

Lake  Park. 

This  is  the  most  accessible  park  in  the  city,  and  is  noted 
for  its  refreshing  breezes  in  the  summer  time.  It  extends 
along  the  lake  shore  from  Jackson  street  to  Park  Row,  and 
is  bounded  west  by  Michigan  avenue.  The  great  Exposi- 
tion Building  is  located  at  the  north  end.  Though  not  as 
large  as  some  other  parks,  its  convenience  and  coolness  make 
it  among  the  most  popular  summer  evening  resorts. 

Other  Parks. 

There  are  many  other  smaller  parks  in  the  city,  some  of 
which  are  very  beautiful.  Among  these  are  Dearborn, 
Vernon,  Wicker,  Campbell,  Ellis,  Congress,  and  also  Wash- 
ington Square  and  Union  Square. 


AT  PLAY  IN  THE  PARK. 


[145] 


10 


146  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  Chicago  Water  Works. 


The  North  Side  Water  "Works  are  located  on  Chicago 
avenue  and  Pine  street,  near  the  lake  shore,  and  may  be 
reached  by  the  State  street  line  of  cars,  or  by  carriage. 

The  first  man  to  conceive  and  perfect  the  peculiar  and 
stupendous  mechanism  by  which  Chicago  obtains  the  purest 
water  of  any  city,  perhaps,  in  the  world,  was  E.  S.  Ches- 
brough.  It  is  said  that  in  boyhood  and  early  manhood  he 


THE  NEW  WATER  WORKS  AT  FOOT  OF  CHICAGO  AVENUE.  [147] 


148  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

had  been  made  thoughtful  and  self-reliant,  and  that  he  thus 
became  a  most  persevering,  hopeful,  and  positive  man. 

As  City  Engineer  he  suggested  in  1863  the  plan  "  to  take 
the  water  from  about  two  miles  east  of  the  pumping  works, 
where  the  lake  is  supposed  never  to  be  afiected  by  impuri- 
ties from  the  river,"  and  bring  it  in  a  brick  tunnel  to  the 
present  works,  where  it  might  be  distributed  throughout 
the  city.  This  plan  was  considered  a  "  visionary  scheme," 
an  "expensive  experiment,"  in  fact,  "an  unprecedented 
bore,"  by  the  conservatives  /)f  that  day.  But  notwith- 
standing all  this,  the  necessary  legislation  was  secured  and 
on  the  9th  of  September,  1863,  the  contract  for  making  the 
great  tunnel  and  crib  was  awarded  to  Messrs.  Dull  & 
Gowan,  of  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  for  $315,139. 

The  work  began  March  17,  1864,  and  the  last  brick  was 
laid  Dec.  6,  1866. 

The  tunnel  is  five  feet  in  diameter  and  two  miles  long. 
At  the  east,  or  Crib  end,  it  is  sixty-six  feet  below  the  water 
level  of  the  lake,  and  under  a  head  of  eighteen  feet,  with  a 
velocity  of  4  2-10  miles  per  hour,  it  will  deliver  57,000,000 
gallons  of  water  daily. 

Received  through  this  spacious  tunnel,  the  water  is  lifted 
by  the  immense  engines  into  the  stand-pipe,  or  "  water 
tower,"  175  feet  high,  from  whence  by  its  own  weight  it  is 
distributed  through  the  mains  and  into  the  dwellings. 

A  similar  tunnel  has  been  recently  made  leading  from 
the  Crib  to  the  corner  of  Ashland  and  Blue  Island  avenues, 
where  are  located  the  West  Side  Pumping  Works.  It  is 
six  miles  in  length,  and  may  be  said  to  pass  under  and 
across  the  entire  city,  in  a  southwesterly  direction.  This 
tunnel  system  is  pronounced  one  of  the  grandest  triumphs 
of  modern  engineering. 

Visitors  to  the  North  Side  water  works  will  be  greatly 
interested  in  seeing  what  is  said  to  be  the  largest  engine  in 


150  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

the  world,  procured  at  an  expense  of  $200,000,  and  which 
pumps  2,750  gallons  of  water  at  each  "  stroke."  It  is  a 
1,200  horse-power,  with  a  large  fly-wheel  26  feet  in  diam- 
eter. The  four  engines  combined  are  equal  to  3,000  horse- 
power. A  magnificent  view  of  the  city  and  of  Lake  Mich- 
igan may  be  had  from  the  summit  of  the  great  Water 
Tower,  reached,  however,  with  some  difficulty  by  a  winding 
and  seemingly  endless  stairway. 


The  Crib. 

Two  miles  from  the  lake  shore,  in  an  easterly  direction 
from  the  North  Side  Water  Works,  is  "  the  Crib,"  which  to 
the  eye  is  a  veritable  cottage  in  the  sea,  and  in  which,  the 
year  round,  dwells  a  "  happy  family,"  who  superintend  the 
grand  entry  of  the  waters  at  that  end  of  the  line.  Many 
have  wondered  how  they  live  in  such  absolute  isolation.  A 
visit,  however,  easily  made  on  excursion  boats  in  the  sum- 
mer-time, will  show  all  the  "comforts  of  a  home,"  including 
telephone  communication,  etc. 

The  Crib  was  built  on  shore,  and  launched  like  a  sea- ves- 
sel. No  expense  was  spared  to  make  it  strong.  It  is  forty 
feet  high,  and  constructed  in  pentagonal  form  in  a  circum- 
scribed circle  of  98^  feet  in  diameter.  It  is  made 
of  three  walls — the  outer,  the  center,  and  the  inner — and  all 
firmly  braced  and  bolted  together  so  as  to  form  one  great 
structure.  Each  of  these  walls  is  calked  and  tarred  like 
the  hulk  of  a  vessel.  Twelve-inch  square  timbers  of  white 
oak  were  used  for  the  first  twelve  feet  from  the  top,  and 
white  pine  of  the  same  dimensions  for  the  remaining  forty- 
eight  feet.  These  timbers  are  bolted  together  with  strong 
square  rods  of  iron.  The  bottom  is  composed  of  twelve- 
inch  timbers  firmly  bolted. 


152 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 


When  completed  it  contained  fifteen  separate  water-tight 
compartments.  In  the  center  is  "  the  well,"  through  which 
the  shafts  descend  to  the  bottom  of  the  lake.  Including 
the  West  Side  Water  Works,  it  is  possible  for  Chicago  to 
receive  now  150,000,000  gallons  daily. 


[West  Side  Pumping  Works  on  Ashland  Avenue.] 

In  1871  the  city  had  272  miles  .of  water-pipe;  to-aay  it 
has  nearly  500  miles.  It  also  has  over  3,000  fire  hydrants. 
This  immense  "  water  system  "  of  the  young  Garden  City 
has  been  perfected  at  an  expense  of  about  $8,000,000. 


ARCHING  THE  TUNNEL. 


156  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

Postoffice  and  Custom  House. 

This  magnificent  building,  which,  including  grounds,  has 
been  erected  at  an  expense  of  $6,000,000,  occupies  the  square 
between  Dearborn,  Clark,  Adams,  and  Jackson  streets.  It 
is  a  three  story,  basement  and  attic  stone  edifice,  in  the  style 
of  architecture  known  as  the  Romanesque  with  Venetian 
treatment. 

The  basement  and  first  floor  are  devoted  entirely  for  post- 
office  purposes;  the  second  floor  is  for  customs,  internal 
revenue,  sub-treasury,  commissioner  of  pensions,  and  special 
mail  agents ;  and  the  third  for  courts,  and  offices  connected 
with  the  Interior  Department. 

The  approaches  are  from  each  of  the  four  streets,  the 
entrance  to  the  courts,  customs,  and  sub-treasury  being  by 
grand  stairway  from  Adams  and  Jackson  streets. 

The  interior  finish  is  exceedingly  rich  and  fine,  and  is  well 
worth  a  visit  from  the  stranger.  (See  page  103.) 


River  Tunnels. 

Chicago  has  under  her  rivers  two  immense  tunnels,  com- 
pleted at  an  expense  of  a  million  dollars.  The  one  first 
constructed  is  under  the  South  Branch  at  Washington 
street,  which  connects  the  South  and  West  Divisions  of  the 
city.  It  is  known  as  the  Washington  Street  Tunnel,  and 
may  be  seen  by  following  that  street  to  the  river.  It  was 
in  this  tunnel  that  the  thrilling  scene  occurred  during  the 
great  fire  elsewhere  described  in  this  volume. 

The  larger  and  more  interesting  of  the  two  tunnels  is  un- 
derneath the  main  river  at  LaSalle  street,  connecting  the 
North  and  South  Divisions  of  the  city,  and  known  as  the 
LaSalle  Street  Tunnel.  It  is  a  marvelous  underground 


SECTIONAL  VIEW   OF   LA  SAL.L.E   ST.  TUNNEL,  SHOWING    MASONRY 

[157] 


158  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

highway,  containing  two  passage-ways  for  vehicles,  besides 
a  footway  for  pedestrians,  passing  not  only  under  the 
river  but  also  under  several  squares  on  either  side,  making 
it  of  an  easy  grade  and,  with  its  long  rows  of  gas-lights,  a 
very  "  cheerful  tunnel ! " 


The  Union  Stock  Yards. 


[Stock  Yards  and  Transit  House.] 


The  Union  Stock  Yards,  the  great  live-stock  emporium 
of  the  world,  whose  yearly  receipts  foot  up  8,000,000  head, 
are  located  in  the  southwest  part  of  the  city,  and  may  be 
reached  by  State  street  cars,  or  by  the  Madison  and  South 
Halsted  line.  The  business  man,  at  least,  who  is  visiting 


160 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 


Chicago  will  be  interested  in  what  is  to  be  seen  at  this 
wonderful  place. 

The  yards  occupy  an  area  of  345  acres,  and  have  a  capac- 
ity of  150,000  head  of  stock,  besides  stalls  for  500  horses. 
Eight  miles  of  streets  and  alleys  penetrate  every  portion  of 
the  yards,  and  three  and  one-half  miles  of  water  troughs 
and  ten  miles  of  feed  troughs  are  in  use.  There  are  2,300 


[Water  Tanks  at  Stock  Yards.] 

gates,   1,500  open  stock-pens,  and  800  covered  pens    for 
hogs  and  sheep. 

There  are  also  enormous  water-tanks  supplied  with  water 
from  artesian  wells,  with  thirty -two  miles  of  drainage  to 
facilitate  cleanliness,  etc.  All  the  railroads  have  branches 
entering  the  yard,  and  the  facilities  lor  "  handling  stock  " 
are  simply  wonderful.  It  is  said  that  as  many  as  500  cars 


WONDERS  AND  BEAUTIES.  161 

can  be  loaded  or  unloaded  at  the  same  time,  the  whole  op- 
eration occupying  only  a  few  moments. 

Near  the  Stock  Yards  are  located  the  immense  packing 
houses  for  which  Chicago  is  noted,  some  of  which  are  capa- 
ble of  transforming  15,000  live  hogs  into  dressed  pork  in 
the  short  space  of  twenty-four  hours !  They  are  really  one 
of  the  "  great  sights  "  of  the  city,  and  should  be  visited  in 
connection  with  the  Stock  Yards. 


The  Grain  Elevators. 

The  grain  elevators  of  Chicago — purely  a  Chicago  inven- 
tion— rank  among  the  great  wonders  of  the  city.  They  are 
found  at  various  places  along  the  river  and  in  connection 
with  one  or  more  railway  lines.  The  capacity  and  facilities 
of  these  remarkable  institutions  may  be  best  given  by  the 
following  account  of  one  recently  built : 

"  The  building  is  312  feet  long,  84  feet  wide,  and  130  feet 
high,  and  is  divided  into  150  bins  65  feet  deep,  with  a 
storage  capacity  of  1,250,000  bushels.  The  yard  will  hold 
300  or  400  cars.  Two  switch  engines,  when  in  full  opera- 
tion, are  required  to  put  in  and  take  out  cars.  Two  tracks 
receive  each  ten  cars,  unloaded  at  once,  in  six  to  eight  min- 
utes, each  car  having  its  elevator,  conveying  the  grain  to  its 
large  hopper-scale  in  the  top  of  the  building.  When 
weighed,  it  is  spouted  to  the  bin  appropriated  to  that  kind 
and  quality.  To  carry  the  grain  to  the  several  bins  renders 
the  elevation  necessary.  Allowing  fifteen  minutes  to  unload 
each  set  of  ten  cars,  four  hundred  are  unloaded  in  ten  hours, 
about  140,000  bushels. 

"  The  shipping  facilities  equal  the  receiving,  there  being 
six  elevators  for  that  work,  each  handling  3,000  bushels  per 
hour,  or  180,000  bushels  in  ten  hours.  The  grain  is  run 

11 


THE  LUMBER  DISTRICT. 


[162] 


KLEVATOR  AND  LUMBER  YARDS. 


[1631 


164          STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

out  of  the  bins  to  another  set  of  elevators,  which  throw  it 
into  large  hoppers  at  the  top  of  the  building,  in  which  it  is 
weighed,  and  sent  down  in  spouts  into  the  hold  of  the 
vessel. 

"The  same  company  have  another  elevator  on  the  oppo- 
site side  of  the  slip — for  a  slip  at  right  angles  to  the  South 
Branch  is  cut  to  lay  vessels  alongside  the  warehouse — and 
ten  other  large  elevators  and  five  smaller  afford  the  same 
facilities.  Any  one  of  thirteen  of  them,  too,  will  unload  a 
canal  boat  of  5,000  or  6,000  bushels  in  an  hour  and  a  half  or 
two  hours;  an  aggregate  from  65  canal  boats  alone  of 
357,000  bushels  in  ten  hours." 

The  machinery  of  this  large  establishment  requires  an 
engine  of  400  horse-power.  Chicago  has  20  similar  elevator 
buildings,  with  a  total  capacity  of  15,600,000  bushels,  and 
actually  handled — including  flour  reduced  to  wheat — dur- 
ing the  past  year,  137,624,833  bushels  of  grain. 


Chicago  Lumber   Yards. 
(See  Illustrations  on  pages  163  and  163.) 

Chicago  is  noted  for  the  greatest  lumber  market  in  the 
world.  The  principal  yards  are  located  on  the  South 
Branch,  and  may  be  reached  by  the  Madison  and  South 
Halsted  line  of  cars. 

The  number  of  laborers  engaged  in  this  business  would 
populate  a  respectable  city.  About  three  hundred  firms 
are  represented,  with  a  capital  of  many  millions.  The 
yards,  of  course,  connect  with  the  river  and  railroads,  and 
possess  facilities  for  handling  lumber  that  is  marvelous. 
Fifteen  hundred  million  feet  is  the  average  annual  move- 
ment. 

The  greater  portion  of  this  lumber  is  brought  from  the 
immense  pineries  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin. 


CHICAGO  BOARD  OF  TBADE. 


(166) 


166          STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  Board  of  Trade  Building,  the  finest  in  the  world,  is 
at  the  foot  of  LaSalle  street,  and  fronts  on  Jackson  street. 
The  gallery,  commanding  a  full  view  of  the  "bulls  and 
bears,"  is  accessible  to  visitors  during  business  hours,  and 
those  desiring  to  know  what  it  is  to  be  '  'on  change"  should 
not  fail  to  look  in.  The  "Exchange  Hall"  is  161  feet  long, 
152  feet  wide,  and  80  feet  high.  There  are  four  elevators 
in  the  building.  In  the  corners  are  telegraph  offices,  etc., 
connecting  the  great  outside  world,  which  "change"  the 
bulletins  with  the  speed  of  lightning  to  the  great  joy  or 
sorrow — as  it  happens — of  the  "longs"  or  "shorts."  Around 
the  walls  are  tables  on  which  are  exhibited  samples  of 
grain,  bearing  the  trade  nomenclature,  "No.  2  Spring," 
"Rejected,"  etc.,  while  in  the  more  central  parts  are  the 
local  groupings  of  members  buying  and  selling  the  various 
commodities,  the  largest  of  which  is  generally  that  devoted 
to  wheat. 

This  immense  building  was  occupied  in  April,  1885,  and 
cost  about  $2,000,000.  Aside  from  the  terrific  buzz  of  its 
nearly  two  thousand  members,  the  Board  of  Trade  is  noted 
for  its  immense  operations  in  stocks  and  other  commodities. 
In  it  you  can  feel  the  pulses  of  commerce  all  over  the  world. 


Trotting  Park. 

The  Washington  Park  Club,  of  Chicago,  was  established 
by  a  company  oi  Chicago  business  men,  who  determined 
that  Chicago  should  have  the  best  appointed  race-course  in 
the  country. 

The  city  office  is  at  room  27,  (entre  sol)  Palmer  House. 
The  club  house  is  at  Sixty-first  Street  and  South  Park  Ave- 
nue. 
The  officers  of  the  club  are  as  follows: 

President,  Lieutenant-General  Philip  H.  Sheridan;  Vice 


168  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

Presidents,  Samuel  "W.  Allerton,  Albert  S.  Gage,  Charles 
Schwartz,  and  Columbus  R.  Cummings;  Treasurer,  John 
R.  Walsh;  Secretary,  John  E.  Brewster. 

Many  prominent  racing  events  have  taken  place  in  Chi- 
cago. Among  the  greatest  of  them  have  been  the  two  fol- 
lowing: 

In  October,  1878,  occured  the  handicap  race  between 
Rarus,  Hopeful  and  Great  Eastern ;  the  former  going  to  har- 
ness, Hopeful  to  wagon,  and  Great  Eastern  under  saddle. 
Thirty  thousand  people  witnessed  this  race,  and  two  days 
later  Hopeful  exceeded  all  previous  performances  of  that 
way  of  going  by  drawing  a  wagon  in  three  heats  in  the  un- 
precedented time  of  2 :16£,  2:17,  2:17. 

July  25,  1879,  the  blind  pacing  horse,  Sleepy  Tom,  lower- 
ed the  pacing  record  by  doing  a  mile  in  2:12J. 

A  Laughable  Story  of  an  Early  Horse  Race  on  the  Ice. 

Judge  Caton  told  the  following  laughable  story  to  the 
"Old  Settlers"  at  their  recent  "May  meeting"  in  Chicago: 

Let  me  ask  Silas  B.  Cobb  if  he  remembers  the  trick  Mark 
Beaubien  played  on  Robert  A.  Kinzie  to  win  the  race  on 
the  ice?  See  now  how  Mark's  eye  flashes  fire  and  he 
trembles  in  every  fiber  at  the  bare  remembrance  of  that  wild 
excitement.  (Mr.  Beaubien  was  present.)  This  was  the 
way  he  did  it: 

He  and  Kinzie  had  each  a  very  fast  pony,  one  a  pacer 
and  the  other  a  trotter.  Mark  had  trained  his  not  to  break, 
when  he  uttered  the  most  unearthly  screams  and  yells 
which  he  could  pour  forth,  and  that  is  saying  much  in  that 
direction,  for  he  could  beat  any  Pottawatomie  I  ever  heard, 
except  Gurdon  S.  Hubbard  and  John  S.  C.  Hogan. 

The  day  was  bright  and  cold.  The  glittering  ice  was 
smooth  as  glass.  The  atmosphere  pure  and  bracing.  The 
start  was  about  a  mile  up  the  South  .Branch. 


WONDERS  AND  BEAUTIES.  169 

Down  came  the  trotter  and  the  pacer  like  a  whirlwind, 
neck  and  neck,  till  they  approached  Wolf  Point,  or  the 
junction,  when  Kinzie's  pony  began  to  draw  ahead  of  the 
little  pacer,  and  bets  were  two  to  one  on  the  trotting  nag 
as  he  settled  a  little  nearer  to  the  ice,  and  stretched  his 
head  and  neck  further  and  further  out,  as  if  determined  to 
win  if  but  by  a  throat-latch. 

It  was  at  this  supreme  moment  that  Mark's  tactics  won 
tie  day.  He  sprang  to  his  feet  in  his  plank-built  pung, 
his  tall  form  towering  above  all  surroundings,  threw  high 
in  the  air  his  wolf-skin  cap,  frantically  swung  around  his 
head  his  buffalo  robe,  and  screamed  forth  such  unearthly 
yells  as  no  human  voice  ever  excelled,  broken  up  into  a 
thousand  accents  by  a  rapid  clapping  of  the  mouth  with 
the  hand.  To  this  the  pony  was  well  trained,  and  it  but 
served  to  bring  out  the  last  inch  of  speed  that  was  in 
him,  while  the  trotter  was  frightened  out  of  his  wits,  no 
doubt  thinking  a  whole  tribe  of  Indians  were  after  him, 
and  he  broke  into  a  furious  run,  which  carried  him  far  be- 
yond the  goal  before  he  could  be  brought  down. 

Hard  words  were  uttered  then,  which  it  would  not  do  to 
repeat  in  a  well-conducted  Sunday-school,  but 'the  winner 
laughed  with  a  heartiness  and  zest  which  Mark  alone  could 
manifest. 


The  Bridge  a  and  a  Bridge  Story-' 

Chicago  has  thirty-six  bridges,  each  of  which  is  made 
to  "  swing  "  on  tables  in  the  center  of  the  channel  by  means 
of  a  simple  mechanism  manipulated  by  the  bridge-tender. 
It  not  unfrequently  happens  that,  in  the  hurry  to  turn  a 
bridge,  afoot  passenger  is  "caught"  on  the  boards  and 


WONDERS  AND  HEAUTIES.  Itl 

"  necessarily  detained  "  until  shore  connections  are  made. 
When,  in  the  hot  days  of  summer,  and  the  Chicago  River 
at  its  worst,  this  is  a  serious  matter  to  the  olfactories.  For 
example: 

In  the  summer  of  1879  a  gentleman  who  had  an  office  on 
the  North  Side  had  occasion  to  pass  the  State  street  bridge 
on  his  way  home,  where  the  odors  arising  from  the  river 
are  very  strong;  and  arriving  at  the  bridge  just  as  it  was 
being  turned  he  determined  not  to  run  the  risk  of  standing 
so  near  the  deadly  stench,  but  run  over  the  bridge  and  thus 
escape  it.  But  he  was  too  late,  and  was  obliged  to  remain 
on  the  bridge  while  some  half  dozen  vessels  passed  through 
the  draw.  He  hardly  dared  to  draw  a  full  breath  for  ie^r 
of  inhaling  the  poisonous  miasma. 

He  was  unable  to  escape,  and  began  to  calculate  what  his 
chances  were  of  escaping  the  terrible  disease  likely  to  be 
engendered  by  the  poisonous  vapors  which  he  was  obliged 
to  breathe. 

To  obtain  some  data  upon  which  to  found  his  calcula- 
tions, he  thought  he  would  inquire  of  the  two  bridge-tenders 
to  ascertain,  if  possible,  about  how  long  a  man  could  live  in 
such  an  unhealthy  situation.  Not  deeming  it  prudent  or 
expedient  to  make  the  question  direct,  and  ask  how  long 
they  expected  to  survive,  or,  what  was  equivalent,  how  many 
of  their  predecessors  had  died  during  the  last  five  years,  he 
concluded  to  make  indirect  questions,  and  the  following 

colloquy  ensued: 

"  Pretty  bad  smell  from  the  river  to-day." 

"Yes,"  answered  the  elder  of  the  two,  Martin  Casey,  "it 
is  so  bad  it  nearly  makes  me  sick." 

"  Must  be  rather  unhealthy  to  breathe  such  an  atmo- 
sphere," said  our  friend,  who  stood  trembling  in  his  boots 
for  fear  the  odor  which  nearly  made  the  tender  sick  would 
fill  his  system  with  the  poisonous  virus  of  that  odor. 


172  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

"  Yes,"  replied  Casey,  "  I  guess  it  is  not  very  healthy  to 
breathe  till  one  gets  used  to  it;  but  I  have  got  used  to  it." 

"  Got  used  to  it?  What  do  you  mean?  How  long  have 
you  breathed  this  terrible  odor?" 

"  I  have  not  breathed  it  all  the  time,  of  course,  for  I  am 
here  only  half  of  the  time  during  the  day  and  night;  and 
then  in  1854  I  was  sick — or  got  hurt  and  was  off  a  week  or 
two — but  I  have  breathed  this  kind  of  air  ever  since  I  com- 
menced being  bridge-tender,  which  was  in  1853." 

"  You  don't  say  you  have  breathed  this  air  during  the 
last  26  years  and  not  been  sick?" 

"  Yes,  sir,"  said  Casey,  "  I  have  worked  on  these  bridges 
for  26  years,  and  the  river  has  been  awful  sometimes,  but 
it  never  made  me  sick,  only  to  be  a  little  sick  at  the  stomach." 

The  bridge  turned  and  our  iriend  walked  off,  and  wisely 
concluded  that  the  odors  trom  Chicago  River  were  decidedly 
more  disagreeable  than  dangerous. 


The  Douglas  Monument. 

This  beautiful  and  appropriate  monument,  erected  in 
honor  of  the  gifted  citizen  of  Illinois,  and  the  liberal  donor 
of  the  Chicago  University  grounds,  is  located  on  the  lake 
shore  at  the  eastern  terminus  of  Douglas  avenue,  in  the 
southern  part  of  the  city.  It  is  built  of  granite  from  IIol- 
lowell,  Me.,  at  an  expense  of  about  $100,000.  It  is  104 
ieet  high,  surmounted  with  an  excellent  bronze  statue  of 
Douglas,  executed  by  Leonard  Volk,  a  Chicago  artist.  The 
residence  of  Senator  Douglas  was  in  this  immediate  vicinty. 
A  neat  little  park  surrounds  the  mausoleum,  which  adds 
much  to  the  beauty  and  significance  ot  the  final  resting 
place  of  the  great  Senator. 


DOUGLAS  MONUMENT. 


[173] 


174 


STOB1ES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 


The  Industrial  Exhibition  Building. 

This  is  said  to  be  the  largest  building  in  the  world  with- 
out interior  roof  supports,  its  present  dimensions  being 
1,000  by  225  feet;  all  of  which  was  completed  within 
ninety-six  days,  at  an  expense  of  $400,000.  It  is  purely  a 
Chicago  production,  and  for  exposition  purposes  is  without 
a  parallel  in  the  history  of  human  industries. 

Its  convenience  of  location — on  the  lake  front  just  east 
of  the  business  center — together  with  its  agreeable  and 
popular  manager,  J.  P.  Reynolds,  who  in  all  cases  carefully 
consults  the  public  interest,  make  the  building  an  import- 
ant factor  of  Chicago. 

It  is  within  this  building  that  some  of  Chicago's  largest 
assemblages  convene,  and  not  unfrequently  as  many  as  ten, 
twenty,  forty,  and  fifty  thousand  people  come  together. 

This  building  has  been  the  scene  of  several  national  con- 
ventions of  the  Republican  and  Democratic  parties.  Musical 
festivals  have  been  held  here  also. 

Every  autumn  the  Inter- State  Exposition  is  held  here,  and 
gives  pleasant,  profitable  exhibitions.  Also  in  November, 
each  year,  the  American  Fat  Stock  show  is  held  here. 


WONDERS  AND  BEAUTIES.  175 

The  Hotel  Buildings  of  Chicago  and  a  Laughable  Hotel  Story— Where  Horace 
Greeley  got  his  "  Go  West  Young  Man." 

Chicago  may  justly  boast  of  its  many  magnificent  hotels, 
some  of  which  are  not  surpassed  by  any  similar  build- 
ings in  the  world.  The  Grand  Pacific  and  Palmer,  each 
cost  about  two  millions,  while  the  Tremont,  Sherman,  and 
Gardner  possess,  respectively,  nearly  an  equal  capacity. 
There  are  also  about  forty  other  hotel  buildings  in  Chicago, 
many  of  which  would  be  an  ornament  in  any  city.  The 
Lake  House  (burned  out  Oct.  1871),  was  Chicago's  first 
hotel  that  aspired  to  first-class  pretensions. 

The  Hon.  John  "Wentworth  tells  an  amusing  story  con- 
cerning this  early  "  stopping  place"  of  Chicago:  There  was 
an  elegant  party  given  at  the  Lake  House  one  evening, 
when  one  of  the  most  fashionable  men  on  the  North  Side, 
who  was  a  candidate  for  office,  thought  he  would  throw  an 
anchor  to  the  windward  by  dancing  with  a  South  Side 
dressing-maid,  while  he  supposed  his  wife  was  being  enter- 
tained at  the  supper-table.  But  she  entered  the  ball-room 
while  the  dance  was  going  on.  At  once  a  proud  heart  was 
fired.  Quicker  than  thought  she  spoke  to  a  carriage-driver 
who  stood  at  the  door  looking  in : 

"  Can  you  dance,  Mike? " 

"  It's  only  for  the  want  of  a  partner,"  was  the  response. 

Seizing  him  by  the  hand,  she  said,  "Come  on!"  and, 
turning  to  the  crowd,  she  said,  "  This  is  a  game  that  two 
can  play  at!"  and  immediately  the  dance  went  on,  amid 
the  applause  of  the  whole  room — the  man  with  the  South 
Side  dressing-maid,  and  his  wrife  with  the  South  Side 
driver. 

And  thus  free  suffrage  began  its  work  against  artificial 
social  position. 

Not  long  after  my  first  election  to  Congress,  upon  open- 
ing my  mail  at  Washington,  I  found  a  letter  dated  in  the 


176  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

western  part  of  Iowa,  then  far  in  the  wilderness,  reading 
in  this  way: 

"  MY  DEAR  OLD  CHICAGO  FRIEND  :  I  see  you  have  been  getting 
up  in  the  world,  and  it  is  so  with  myself,  who  am  the  Sheriff's 
deputy  here,  and  I  also  keep  hotel.  I  am  the  same  one  who  made 
all  the  fuss  dancing  with  the  lady  at  the  Lake  House  ball,  and 
you  were  there ;  and  the  girl  I  married  is  the  same  domestic  her 
husband  danced  with.  The  Judge  of  the  Court  boards  at  our 
house,  and  he  often  dances  with  my  wife  at  the  big  parties  here, 
where  we  are  considered  among  the  first  folks,  and  I  reckon  my 
wife  Bridget  would  put  on  as  many  airs  as  the  lady  did  at  the 
Lake  House,  if  she  should  catch  me  dancing  with  domestics.  I 
found  out  that  those  people  who  made  so  much  fuss  at  the  Lake 
House  were  not  considered  much  where  they  came  from.  But 
they  emigrated  to  Chicago,  and  then  set  up  for  big  folks.  So  I 
thought  I  would  marry  Bridget  and  start  for  a  new  country  where 
I  could  be  as  big  as  anybody.  And  now  remember  your  old 
Chicago  friend,  and  tell  the  President  that  I  am  for  his  adminis- 
tration, and  would  like  4o  get  the  postoffice  here." 

I  remember  that  during  that  session  of  Congress  I 
boarded  at  the  same  house  with  Horace  Greeley,  and  he 
was  frequently  in  my  room ;  and  I  think  that  it  was  from 
this  letter  he  borrowed  his  sentiment,  "Go  West,  young 
man!" 


The  New  Court  House  and  City  Hall. 

This  magnificent  building,  located  on  the  Public  Square, 
with  a  frontage  of  340  feet  on  Clark  and  LaSalle  streets, 
and  280  feet  on  Washington  and  Randolph  streets,  is  the 
most  elaborate  edifice  in  Chicago,  and  is  said  to  be  the 
finest  of  its  kind  in  the  world.  It  is  in  the  modern  French 
renaissance  style  of  architecture,  with  a  colonade  story  of 
Corinthian  columns  surrounding  the  sub-building,  the 
whole  producing  a  very  fine  architectural  effect.  These 
columns  are  each  thirty-five  feet  high,  and  support  an 
elegantly-proportioned  entablature,  which  is  divided  into 


THE  OLD  COURT  HOUSE-Burned  1871. 


HIT] 


180  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

architrave,  frieze,  and  cornice.  Over  this  entablature  is  an 
attic  story,  enriched  with  allegorical  groups,  representing 
Agriculture,  Commerce,  Mechanical  Art,  Peace  and  Plenty, 
and  Science  Art.  The  principal  story  is  of  Athens  marble, 
with  polished  columns,  pilasters,  and  pedestals  of  Maine 
granite.  The  whole  is  thoroughly  fire-proof,  and  will  cost, 
when  fully  completed,  about  $5,000,000. 


Chicago  "  Yesterday  and  To-Day"— A  Graphic  Picture  by  Gen.  Strong. 

At  a  recent  reception  given  by  the  Calumet  Club  to  the 
"  Old  Settlers  of  Chicago,"  Gen.  Strong  in  his  address  of 
welcome  said: 

More  than  forty  years  ago,  Harriet  Martineau,  who  was 
here,  wrote  of  the  then  Chicago :  "  It  is  a  remarkable  thing 
to  meet  such  an  assemblage  of  educated,  refined,  and 
wealthy  persons  as  may  be  found  there  living  in  such  small, 
inconvenient  houses  on  the  edge  of  the  prairie."  And  to- 
day you  founders  of  Chicago  witness  the  strange  if  not 
anomalous  spectacle  of  your  municipal  bantling  throwing 
into  commotion  the  three  leading  nations  of  Europe,  and 
causing  their  hoary  statesmen  to  take  down  their  long- 
shelved  industrial  creeds,  and  even  to  revise  again  what  was 
supposed  to  be  the  postulates  of  political  economy;  and  all 
Europe,  wonderful  to  relate,  is  discussing  the  re-enactment 
of  corn-laws 

"When  we  contemplate  these  astounding  results,  how  our 
incredulous  minds  turn  back  to  verify  for  themselves  the 
almost  fabulous  story  of  the  date  and  origin  of  such  a  mu- 
nicipal prodigy ;  to  try  to  discover  the  succession  of  events 
and  their  cause,  which  have  produced  the  miracle  of  civic 
growth  and  power.  And,  sure  it  is,  we  find  your  story  true. 

Were  they  living,  I  would  also  call  Heacpck  as  a  witness 


tin 


182  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

— the  sagacious,  enterprising,  "  Shallow-Cut  "  Heacock — 
the  fundamental  canon  of  whose  hydraulic  faith  was  that 
water  would  not  run  up  hill.  He  was  right,  and  you  boys 
had  to  knock  under  or  the  canal  would  not  have  come.  And 
Garrett,  too,  Auctioneer  Garrett,  him  of  the  prophetic  soul, 
who,  with  Abraham's  faith,  predicted  the  future  greatness 
of  Chicago,  founded  the  Garrett  Biblical  Institute  of  Ev- 
anston,  and,  when  short  of  change,  was  wont  to  send  back 
to  his  laundress  to  be  rewashed  the  shirts  he  could  not  re- 
deem. 

But  we  have  the  living  witnesses  here  to-night.  Hubbard, 
Gurdon  S.  Hubbard,  the  oldest  of  this  Trojan  band;  and 
Beaubien,  the  Apollo  of  the  early  settlers;  and  Caton,  and 
John  "Wentworth,  and  Scarnmon,  and  Drummond,  and 
Skinner,  and  Hoyne,  and  Blodgett,  and  Grant,  and  Morris, 
and  Goodrich,  and  the  Burleys,  and  Cobb,  and  Walter,  and 
Arnold,  and  Raymond,  and  King,  and  "Williams,  and  the 
Wadsworths,  and  Beecher,  and  the  Kimballs — Mark  and 
Walter — and  Laflin,  and  Dickey,  and  Van  Higgins,  and 
Carpenter,  and  Carter,  and  Gray,  and  Stewart,  and  the 
Rumseys,  and  Stearns,  and  Boone,  and  Freer,  and  Taylor, 
and  Wright,  and  Eldridge,  and  Follansbee,  and  Gale,  and 
Botsford,  and  more  than  one  hundred  others  whom  I  may 
not  stop  to  name,  gathered  from  all  parts  of  the  land — the 
men  of  that  little  log  and  clapboard  village. 

And  there  were  the  women,  too — the  noble,  faithful 
women — your  wives,  who  nursed  the  infant  Chicago,  and 
who,  in  all  these  years  of  waiting,  shared  your  sacrifices, 
lightened  your  burdens,  and  sustained  your  faith. 

Gentlemen,  you  saw  the  infancy  of  this  city,  and  you  see 
it  to-day. 

Yesterday  a  hamlet;  to-day  a  continuous  city,  covering 
an  area  of  more  than  fifty  square  miles.  Yesterday  not  a 
single  vessel  had  entered  this  port.  Now  more  vessels 


WONDERS  AND  BEAUTIES.  183 

enter  and  leave  this  port  every  year  in  the  season  of  navi- 
gation than  in  the  same  months  enter  all  three  of  the  largest 
Atlantic  ports. 

Yesterday  you  built  your  houses  of  logs.  Now  the 
lumber  that  is  yearly  sold  in  Chicago  would  freight  a  con- 
tinuous line  of  vessels  250  miles  in  length,  and  would  load 
a  freight  train  1,400  miles  long. 


[The  Pioneer.] 


Yesterday  you  could  not  give  away  a  lot  of  ground. 
Now  every  week  there  are  more  voluntary  sales  of  real 
estate  than  in  all  the  cities  of  JN~ew  York,  Philadelphia, 
and  Boston,  and  I  think  I  might  safely  throw  in  St.  Louis 


184  ISTORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

and  Cincinnati.  These  are  prophetic  sales,  too;  prophetic 
of  future  growth,  for  the  purchasers  are  largely  from  the 
other  cities  I  have  named. 

Yesterday  you  fattened  your  yearly  pig  and  made  your 
own  pork.  You  bought  and  sold  none.  Now  the  hogs 
and  the  hog-product  sold  and  made  here  yearly  exceed 
thirteen  hundred  million  pounds,  a  line  of  living  hogs  that 
would  reach  nearly  a  quarter  around  the  globe.  The  lard 
made  by  one  Chicagoan  is  known  the  world  over. 

Yesterday  the  neighboring  farmer  dragged  in  through 
the  mud  his  few  bags  of  wheat  or  corn.  Now  one  hundred 
and  thirty  million  bushels  of  grain  are  sold  yearly  in 
Chicago — I  mean  are  actually  received  from  the  adjacent 
country.  .  Instead  of  the  back-room  of  the  store  where  you 
kept  your  wheat,  there  are  now  elevators  with  a  capacity  of 
fifteen  million  bushels. 

Yesterday  the  aggregate  sales  of  stock  and  merchandise, 
and  manufacturers'  products  of  all  kinds,  were  less  than  ten 
thousand  dollars  yearly.  To-day  they  are  seven  hundred 
and  fifty  million  dollars.  The  annual  sales  of  one  dry- 
goods  house  are  over  twenty  million  dollars. 

Yesterday  the  prairie-schooner  was  your  only  means  of 
transportation.  Now  twelve  thousand  vessels  yearly  enter 
your  port,  and  ten  thousand  miles  of  railway  have  their 
headquarters  here,  not  including  the  Eastern  lines,  nor  lines 
in  the  far  West  not  controlled  here,  but  which  look  to  this 
city  as  their  market. 

Yesterday  was  heard  the  anvil  of  the  single  blacksmith. 
Now  may  be  heard  the  hammers  of  the  largest  rolling  mill 
corporation  in  the  world,  employing  in  all  its  branches  over 
four  thousand  men  and  supporting  over  twenty  thousand 
people  with  its  capital  stock  above  par,  while  even  Pitts- 
burg  mills  barely  survived  the  late  panic. 

Yesterday  you  waded  through  mud  between  your  stores 


WONDERS  AND  BEAUTIES. 


185 


and  houses.  To-day  there  are  122£  miles  of  con- 
tinuous street  railway,  650  miles  of  streets,  7.8  miles  of 
boulevards,  and  844  acres  in  improved  parks. 

Yesterday  you  dug  your  shallow  wells  in  the  surround- 
ing swamp.  To-day  you  have  430  miles  of  water  mains, 
and  are  annually  supplied  with  19,564,000,000  gallons  of 
the  purest  water  in  the  world. 

Yesterday  you  groaned  under  a  debt  of  seven  thousand 
dollars,  and  feared  municipal  bankruptcy.  To-day  the  ob- 
ligations of  the  city,  if  non-taxable,  would  stand  on  a  par 
with  the  bonds  of  the  Federal  Government,  and  the  mu- 
nicipal debt  is  less  per  capita  than  any  other  large  city  on 
the  continent. 

I  hurriedly  mention  these  few  facts,  showing  what  clothes 
your  infant  wears,  because  some  of  you  now  residing  at  a 
distance  are  not  aware  how  the  child  has  kept  on  growing 
since  you  left.  Why,  they  thought  they  had  destroyed  it 
by  fire  a  few  years  since.  I'll  tell  you  now  (otherwise  you 
might  not  know  it  by  what  you  see)  they  did  burn  it  up ; 
that  is,  they  burnt  several  hundred  million  dollars  of  build- 
ings and  property.  But  the  men  you  left  here,  and  others 
that  came  in,  built  it  right  up,  better  than  before;  for  you 
can't  burn  pluck,  and  enterprise,  and  courage,  and  faith. 
They  are  the  indestructible  gifts  of  God,  and  the  best  legacy 
you,  the  founders  of  Chicago,  shall  ever  leave  your  chil- 
dren. 


186          STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 
THE  NAME  "CHICAGO"— 167  YEARS  AGO. 


After  reading  a  letter  about  the  meaning  of  the  name 
"Chicago,"  I  have  made  a  tracing  from  an  old  map  in  my 
possession  published  by  H.  Moll,  near  the  Strand,  London, 
in  1720,  "according  to  the  newest  and  most  exact  observa- 
tions." It  is  mainly  a  French  map,  and  is  largely  copied 
from  one  published  in  Paris  in  1718,  "Done  by  MODS. 
Delisle." 

Chicago  was  in  1720  the  "Land  carriage  of  Chekakou." 
You  will  also  notice  in  the  northwest  corner  of  the  sketch, 
the  "Land  carriage  of  Ouisconsine" — where  I  think  the 
Town  of  Portage  now  is,  which  seems  to  preserve  the 
meaning  of  the  old  name.  Note  also  the  "lead  mines," 
near  where  Galena  now  is.  The  early  French  voyageurs 
in  their  batteaux  and  bark  canoes  used  to  start  from  Mon- 
treal, ascend  the  Ottawa  until  they  could  reach  a  portage 
connecting  them  with  waters  discharging  into  Lake  Huron, 
thence  through  Georgian  Bay  to  Mackinac,  thence  by  both 
shores  of  Lake  Michigan  to  the  "  Land  Carriage  of  Chek- 
akou," or  by  way  of  Green  Bay  (or  as  now  known)  to  the 
"Land  Carriage  of  Ouisconsine."  By  these  "land  carriages" 
they  reached  the  Mississippi,  which  they  followed  north- 
ward to  St.  Anthony's  Falls  (Minneapolis)  and  southward 
to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  carrying  with  them  their  little  traffic 
and  the  Roman  Catholic  religion,  christening  all  points 
with  the  names  of  saints,  which  in  most  instances  still  cling 
to  them. 

The  title  to  the  old  map  from  which  I  made  the  tracing  is 
"a  new  map  of  the  north  parts  of  America,  claimed  by 
France  under  ye  names  of  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Canada 
and  new  France,  with  ye  adjoining  territories  of  England 
and  Spain." 
Devil's  Lake,  Dak.  HENRY  W.  LORD. 


STOKIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.  187 

THE  NAME  "CHICAGO." 


I  have  at  different  times  noticed  the  Indian  word  Chic- 
au-go  translated  into  English,  but  once,  I  believe,  correctly. 

The  word  "  Chic-aw-go"  or  "  Chic-aw-go-ish"  is  the 
Pottawatomie  (and  nearly  the  same  in  the  languages  of  the 
Ottawa  and  Ochibewas)  word  for  the  wild  onion,  and 
"  chic-auc,"  the  word  used  for  the  little  animal  commonly 
called  the  '  'skunk"  or  polecat,  and  I  think  very  aptly  named 
by  the  Indians  "  Chic-auc,"  it  being  very  near  the  flavor  of 
the  wild  onion. 

The  "  Chic-au-go"  River  received  its  name  from  the  fact 
that  hundreds  of  acres  near  its  mouth  and  along  up  its 
banks  were  covered  with  this  unsavory  plant,  the  wild  onion. 
This  I  know  for  I  have  pulled  many  a  handful  in  the 
early  days  before  a  furrow  had  turned  its  virgin  soil.  No 
Pottawatomie  talker  will  dispute  the  above  explanation.  I 
give  this  to  your  readers  for  what  it  is  worth. 

D.  W.  H.  HOWARD,  Wauseon,  O. 

I  neglected  above  to  give  you  the  name  of  Big  Fork  River 
in  the  same  Indian  tongue,  which  is  "Che-tree-teoo  Ce-pe," 
which  certainly  does  not  sound  much  like  "Chic-au-go." 


CHICAGO'S  FIFTIETH  BIRTHDAY. 


March  4,  1887,  was  the  fiftieth  anniversary  of  the  incor- 
poration of  Chicago,  and  March  4,  1887,  was  the  seventy- 
second  birthday  of  Hon.  John  Wentworth.  August  10, 
1833,  or  about  two  years  after  Cook  County  was  partitioned 
off  from  Peoria  County,  the  Tillage  of  Chicago  was  incor- 
porated into  a  town.  The  statistics  of  the  following  year 
show  that  there  were  about  111  registered  voters;  and  that 
the  tax  receipts  amounted  to  only  $48.90;  and  that  it  be- 


188          STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

came  necessary  to  raise  a  loan  of  $60  for  improving  the 
streets.  Emigration,  however,  began  almost  at  once  to 
drift  westward,  and  by  1836  the  town  had  made  decided  pro- 
gress. In  July  of  that  year  the  first  sale  of  canal  lands  took 
place,  and  titles  were  given  to  purchasers  by  the  Trustees. 
Nov.  18, 1836,  at  a  meeting  of  Trustees  with  representatives 
of  three  districts  into  which  the  town  was  then  subdivided, 
it  was  resolved  to  petition  the  Legislature  for  a  city  charter. 
All  the  provisions  of  a  city  having  been  decided  on  the 
Trustees  dispatched  a  messenger  by  stage-coach  to  Vandalia 
where  the  Legislature  was  then  located.  The  act  of  incor- 
poration, which  enlarged  the  area  of  the  city  to  about  10 
square  miles,  was  passed  March  4th  1837.  The  limits  were 
North  avenue,  Twenty-second  street,  the  Lake,  and  Wood 
street.  Provision  was  made  in  the  act  for  the  division  of 
the  city  into  six  wards,  each  of  which  should  elect  two  Ald- 
ermen. So  crude  was  the  postal  service  in  those  days  that 
the  news  of  the  passage  of  the  act  of  incorporation  was 
brought  to  the  city  by  John  H.  Kinzie  and  Gurdon  S. 
Hubbard  several  days  in  advance  of  the  mails  from  the 
South.  At  the  election  May  2,  William  B.  Ogden,  the 
Democratic  candidate  for  Mayor,  defeated  John  H.  Kinzie, 
who  ran  on  the  Whig  ticket,  by  a  vote  of  469  to  240.  By 
the  act  of  incorporation  the  public-school  system  was  also 
established,  with  the  Council  as  Commissioners.  The  first 
municipal  quarters  occupied  by  the  Council  consisted  of  a 
room  in  the  "  Saloon  Building,"  at  the  corner  of  Lake  and 
Clark  streets,  which  was  leased  for  5  years  from  May,  1837. 
The  first  census,  taken  July  1,  1837,  showed  a  total  popu- 
lation of  4,179,  of  whom  3,989  were  white  and  seventy-seven 
colored.  During  the  same  year  Fort  Dearborn  was  aban- 
doned as  a  military  station,  the  first  water-works  were  in- 
stituted, and  the  first  cargo  of  wheat  left  the  port.  The 
post  office  was  located  at  this  time  in  a  general  variety  store 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.  189 

at  the  corner  of  Franklin  and  South  "Water  streets.  Rush 
Medical  College  was  founded  March  2,  1837,  but  owing  to 
the  financial  crash  that  came  upon  the  city  the  same  year 
building  was  abandoned  and  no  lectures  were  given  until 
1843.  After  the  crash  all  progress  remained  at  a  standstill 
for  some  time.  The  State  Bank  which  was  established  in 
1836,  went  down  amid  the  wreck,  and  general  financial  dis- 
aster overwhelmed  for  a  time  the  ambitious  speculators  of 
the  promising  city.  Just  before  the  failure,  the  Council  was 
unconditionally  refused  a  loan  of  $25,000  by  the  State  Bank. 


GOOD  ADVICE  FOR  PLEASURE-SEEKERS 
IN  LARGE  CITIES. 

(from  the  Omaha  World.) 
Keep  sober. 

Avoid  crowds. 

Keep  to  the  right. 

Don't  tip  the  waiter. 

Don't  talk  to  strangers. 

Keep  your  wits  about  you. 

Keep  your  eyes  wide  open. 

Don't  let  strangers  talk  to  you. 

Do  not  talk  loud,  dress  loud,  nor  act  loud. 

If  you  wear  a  watch,  keep  your  coat  buttoned  up. 

Never  exhibit  money  or  valuables  in  public  places. 

If  you  want  information  ask  a  uniformed  police  officer. 

Never  let  your  curiosity  get  the  better  of  your  discretion. 

Don't  try  to  create  the  impression  that  you  are  a 
millionaire. 

See  that  the  way  is  clear  before  you  attempt  to  cross  the 
street. 

Always  go  about  as  if  you  were  on  business,  whether  you 
are  or  not. 


190          STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

Don't  run  after  a  street  car.  There  will  be  another  one 
along  in  time. 

Don't  patronize  the  shop  that  keeps  a  man  on  the  side- 
walk to  urge  you. 

Don't  be  afraid  to  say  "no,"  and  to  say  it  understand- 
ingly  and  decisively. 

Look  out  for  the  young  man  who  wants  to  carry  your 
gripsack  for  10  cents. 

Never  expect  to  get  something  for  nothing.  It  will  be  a 
dear  purchase  in  the  end. 

Move  along  on  the  sidewalk  with  the  procession,  and 
don't  try  to  buck  against  it. 

When  you  are  in  doubt  keep  straight  ahead  until  you 
meet  a  police  officer  then  ask  him. 

You  don't  need  much  money  to  visit  a  dime  museum. 
Leave  what  you  don't  require  at  home. 

Never  hand  the  car  conductor,  bootblack,  or  newsboy  a 
$5  bill  and  expect  him  to  make  change. 

Look  out  for  the  fellow  who  wants  to  "step  inside'-  or 
around  the  corner  to  change  your  bill. 

If  you  meet  a  friend  or  acquaintance  don't  stand  and  talk 
with  him  in  the  middle  of  the  sidewalk. 

Have  your  name  and  address  and  the  name  and  address 
of  some  friend  always  in  your  pocket. 

Make  a  memorandum  of  the  street  and  number  where  you 
leave  anything  that  you  expect  to  get  again. 

Do  not  employ  a  hack  or  cab  unless  its  number  is  con- 
spicuously displayed,  and  remember  the  number. 

Before  starting  for  any  given  place  ascertain  the  most  di- 
rect route,  and  then  follow  it  without  asking  questions. 

Avoid  the  man  who  says  he  came  from  your  town  and 
mentions  to  you  the  names  of  some  people  you  know. 

Don't  wrangle  with  a  hackman  but  if  you  think  he  is 
swindling  you,  call  a  police  officer,  and  leave  the  matter  to 
him. 


A  FAKE  VIEW, 


»v 


NEWSBOYS'  HOME.  198 

The  Newsboys'  Home. 

The  Newsboys'  Home,  of  Chicago,  was  established  in 
1858.  It  is  temporarily  in  a  brick  building,  stone  front, 
with  three  stories  and  basement,  at  1421  Wabash  avenue. 
It  contains  fourteen  rooms.  Supper,  breakfast  and  lodging 
are  furnished  the  boys  for  fifteen  cents.  Boys  over  sixteen 
years  are  not  admitted.  Donations  of  clothing  and  money 
are  always  acceptable.  Mrs.  Eliza  W.  Bowman  is  matron. 
Over  one  hundred  boys  make  it  their  headquarters.  The 
Newsboys'  Appeal  is  the  organ  of  this  meritorious  institu- 
tion. (Take  Wabash  avenue  cars  to  Fourteenth  street.) 


Home  for  the  Friendless. 

The  Chicago  Home  for  the  Friendless  is  situated  at  1926 
Wabash  avenue.  It  is  an  imposing  looking  building. 
Mrs.  M.  H.  Moudy  is  the  matron  and  superintendent. 
Miss  Dell  D.  Moudy  is  the  assistant  matron  and  superin- 
tendent. It  is  an  undenominational  institution,  supported 
by  voluntary  contributions  from  all  classes.  Its  officers 
are  members  of  various  churches  in  the  city  and  suburbs. 

Women  and  children  are  received.  Children  are  pro- 
vided for  persons  who  desire  to  adopt  them,  under  rules 
and  regulations  prescribed  by  the  courts  and  the  manage- 
ment. Contributions  of  money,  clothing,  provisions,  etc., 
are  always  acceptable.  Besides  eating  and  sleeping  ac- 
commodations, this  Home  also  very  wisely  provides  for  its 
inmates  an  infirmary,  nursery,  kindergarten  and  industrial 
class.  Subscribe  for  The  Home  Visitor. 

The  Burr  Mission  School,  Industrial  School  and  Free 


184  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OP  OHIO  AGO. 

Chapel,  on  Third  avenue,  and  the  Burr  Industrial  School 
in  the  building  of  the  Home,  are  branches  of  the  work  of 
the  Home  for  the  Friendless. 

They  were  founded  by  Jonathan  Burr,  of  Chicago,  and 
are  monuments  better  than  stone  or  brass.  Their  results 
will  expand  thro'  all  eternity. 

From  the  last  report  of  the  Home  for  the  Friendless  we 
quote:  Admitted  during  the  year:  Adults,  1,128;  children, 
919;  total,  2,047.  Dismissed:  Adults,  943;  children,  677i 
total,  1,620.  Surrendered  to  the  Home,  59;  given  to 
homes,  46;  died,  26;  given  indenture  for,  18;  release  of 
guardianship  for  adoption,  9;  received  from  hospital,  128; 
sent  to  the  hospital,  73;  helped  to  work,  181.  Of  those  re- 
ceived, 1,179  were  Protestants;  824,  Catholics;  43,  Jews; 
Quaker,  1. 


Home  of  the  Friendless. 


•  9 

** 


09 

I       S 


i 


196  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

FORT  DEARBORN. 


THE  FORT  DEARBORN  MEMORIAL  TABLET  ERECTED  BY  "W. 

M.  HOYT  ON  THE  SlTE   OF  FoRT  DEARBORN. 


Among  the  many  objects  of  interest  in  the  city  which  at. 
tract  the  attention  of  strangers  is  the  marble  tablet  which 
occupies  a  prominent  place  in  the  north  wall  of  the  large 
building  at  the  corner  of  Michigan  avenue  and  River  street. 
This  tablet,  which  measures  15x6  feet,  is  known  as  the  Fort 
Dearborn  memorial  tablet,  from  the  fact  that  the  building  in 
which  it  is  placed  stands  upon  the  site  of  Fort  Dearborn. 
The  Chicago  Historical  Society  suggested  the  tablet,  and 
Mr.  W.  M.  Hoyt,  of  the  well-known  wholesale  grocery 
house  of  the  W.  M.  Hoyt  company,  the  largest  in  the  country, 
had  it  made  and  gave  the  space  for  it.  After  the  tablet 
had  been  placed  in  position  it  was  unveiled  with  great  cere- 
mony on  Saturday  afternoon,  May  21,  1881,  in  the  presence 
of  a  large  crowd  of  people.  The  following  program  was 
successfully  carried  out : 

1.  The  First   Regiment  of  Illinois  State   Guards,  Col. 
S  vvain  commanding,  will  march  to  the  ground  and  form  in 
front  of  the  tablet. 

2.  Calling  to  order  of  the  assemblage  by  the  President 
of  the  Chicago  Historical  Society,  Hon.  Isaac  N.  Arnold. 

3.  Presentation  of  the  tablet  by  R.  J.  Bennett,  of  the 
firm  of  W.  M.  Hoyt  &  Co.,  to  be  followed  promptly  by  the 
unveiling,  with  appropriate  military  salutes. 

4r.     Response  by  Hon.  Isaac  N.  Arnold. 

5.  Poem  by  Eugene  J.  Hall,  of  Chicago. 

6.  Music — National  air. 

7.  Historical  address  by  Hon.  John  Wentworth. 

8.  Military  march  from  the  ground. 


FORT  DEARBORN.  197 


THE  MEMORIAL  OF  FORT  DEARBORN. 


EUGENE  J.  HALL. 

Here,  where  the  savage  war-whoop  once  resounded; 

Where  council  fires  burned  brightly  years  ago; 
Where  the  red  Indian  from  his  covert  bounded, 

To  scalp  his  pale-faced  foe. 

Here,  where  gray  badgers  had  their  haunts  and  burrows; 

Where  wild  wolves  howled  and  prowled  in  midnight  bands; 
Where  frontier  farmers  turned  the  virgin  furrows, 

Our  splendid  city  stands. 

Here,  where  brave  men  and  lovely  women  perished, 
Here,  where  in  unknown  graves  their  forms  decay, 

This  marble,  that  their  memory  may  be  cherished, 
We  consecrate  to-day. 

No  more  the  farm-boy's  call  or  lowing  cattle, 
Frighten  the  timid  wild-fowl  from  the  slough; 

The  noisy  trucks  and  wagons  roll  and  rattle 
O'er  miles  of  pavements  now. 

Now,  are  our  senses  startled  and  confounded, 
By  screaming  whistle  and  by  clanging  bell, 

Where  Beaubien's  merry  fiddle  once  resounded, 
When  summer  twilight  fell. 

Here  stood  the  Fort,  with  palisades  about  it, 
With  low,  log  block-house  in  those  early  hours; 


198  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

The  prairie  fair  extending  far  without  it, 
Blooming  with  fragrant  flowers. 

About  this  spot  the  buildings  quickly  clustered, 
The  logs  decayed,  the  palisades  went,  down ; 

Here  the  resistless  Western  spirits  mustered 
And  built  this  wondrous  town. 

Here,  from  the  trackless  slough,  her  structures  started 
And,  one  by  one,  in  splendor,  rose  to  view. 

The  white  ships  went  and  came,  the  years  departed, 
And  still  she  grandly  grew. 

Till,  one  wild  night,  a  night  each  man  remembers, 

When  round  her  homes  the  red  fire  leaped  and  curled, 

The  sky  was  filled  with  flame  and  flying  embers, 
That  swept  them  from  the  world. 

Men  said:  "Chicago's  bright  career  is  ended," 
As  by  her  smouldering  stones  they  chanced  to  go, 

While  the  wide  world  its  love  and  pity  blended 
To  help  us  in  our  woe. 

O  where  was  ever  human  goodness  greater? 

Man's  love  for  man  was  never  more  sublime! 
On  the  eternal  scroll  of  our  Creator 

'Tis  written  for  all  time. 

Chicago  lives,  and  many  a  lofty  steeple 

Looks  down,  to-day,  upon  this  western  plain. 

The  tireless  hands  of  her  unconquered  people 
Have  reared  her  walls  again. 


FORT  DEARBORN. 

Long  may  she  live,  and  grow  u   wealth  and  beauty. 

And  may  he    children  be  in  coming  years 
True  to  their  trust  and  faithful  to  the  a-  duty 

As  her  brave  pioneere! 


J«9 


<!00  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

THE  BURNING  OF  CHICAGO. 


WILL    CARLETON. 


[From  "Farm  Legeids,"  published  by  Harper  &  Brothers,  New  York.] 

I. 

'Twas  night  in  the  beautiful  city, 
The  famous  and  wonderful  city, 
The  proud  and  magnificent  city, 
The  Queen  of  the  North  and  the  West. 

The  riches  of  nations  were  gathered  in  wondrous  and  plentiful 
store ; 

The  swift-speeding  bearers  of   Commerce   were  waiting    on 
river  and  shore; 

The  great  staring   walls  towered  skyward,    with  vision    un- 
daunted and  bold, 

And  said,   "We  are  ready,    O    Winter!  come  on  with   your 
hunger  and  cold! 

Sweep  down    with  your    storms    from  the  Northward!  come 
out  from  your  ice-guarded  lair! 

Our  larders   have    food    for   a   nation!    our    wardrobes   have 
clothing  to  spare! 

For  off  from  the  corn-bladed  prairies,  and  out  from  the  val- 
leys and  hills, 

The  farmer  has  swept  us  his  harvests,  the  miller  has  emptied 
his  mills; 

And   here,   in   the  lap  of  our  city,  the   treasures  of  autumn 
shall  rest, 

In    golden-crowned,   glorious    Chicago,    the   Queen    of    the 
North  and  the  West! " 


THE  BUB  XING  OP  CHICAGO.  201 

II. 

vTwas  night  in  the  church-guarded  city, 
The  temple  and  altar-decked  city, 
The  turreted,  spire-adorned  city, 
The  Queen  of  the  North  and  the  West. 

And  out  fro      the  beautiful  temples  that  Wealth  in  its  full- 
ness had  made, 

And  out  from  the  haunts  that  were  humble,  where  Poverty 
peacefully  prayed-, 

Where  oraises  and  thanks  had   been  offered   to  Him  where 
they  rightly  belonged, 

In   peacefulness  quietly  homeward  the  worshiping  multitude 
thronged. 

The    Pharisee,    laden    with    riches   and   jewelry,    costly  and 
rare, 

Who    proudly    deigned    thanks    to   Jehovah,  he  was  not  as 
other  men  are; 

The  penitent  crushed  in  his  weakness,  and  laden  with  pain 
and  with  sin; 

^he  outcast  who  yearningly  waited  to  hear  the  glad  bidding, 
"  Come  in  j  " 

And  thus  went  they  quietly  homeward,  with  sins  and  omis- 
sions confessed, 

In   spire-adorned,  templed  Chicago,  the  Queen  of  the  North 
and  the  West. 

III. 

'Twas  night  in  the  sin-burdened  city, 
The  turbulent,  vice-laden  city, 
The  sin-compassed,  rogue-haunted  city, 
Though  Queen  of  the  North  and  the  West. 


202  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

And  low  in  their  caves  of  pollution  great  beasts  of  humanity 

growled; 
And  over  his  money-strewn  table  the  gambler  bent  fiercely 

and  scowled; 
And    men    with   no  seeming  of  manhood,  with  countenaao^ 

flaming  and  fell, 
Drank   deep  from   the  fire-laden  fountains  that  sprang  frotf 

the  rivers  of  he.  , 
And   men  with    no  seeming   of  manhood,   who  drcadod  the 

coming  of  day, 
Prowled,    cat-liko,    for    blood-purchased   plunder    from   men 

who  were  better  than  they; 
Ancl  men  ivith  no  seeming  of  manhood,  whoso  dearest-craved 

glory  was  shame, 
Whose  joys  v/ere  the  sorrows  of  others,  whose  harvests  were 

acres  of  flame, 
Sir.n1.:,  whispering  and  low,  in  their  corners,  with  bowie  and 

pistol  tight-pressed, 
In  rogue- haunted,  sin-cursed  Chicago,  Chough  Queen  of  the 

North  and  the  West. 

IV. 

'Twas  night  ri  tho  olc~ant  city, 
The  rich  ami  voluptuous  city, 
The  beauty-throngec.1,  mansion-decked  city, 
Gay  Queen  of  tho  North  and  the  West. 

And  childhood  was  placidly  resting  in  slumber    untroubled 

a,;l  deep; 
And  softly   the  mother   was  fondling  her    innocent  -babY* to 

sleep; 


THE  BURNING  OF  CHICAGO.  208 

And  maidens  were  dreaming  of  pleasures  and  triumphs  the 

future  should  show, 
And  scanning  the  brightness  and  glory  of  joys  they  were 

never  to  know ; 
And  firesides  were  cheerful  and  happy,  and  Comfort  smiled 

sweetly  around; 
But  grim  Desolation  and  Ruin  looked  into  the  window  and 

frowned, 
And  pitying  angels  looked  downward,  and  gazed  on    their 

loved  ones  below, 
And  longed  to  reach    forth  a  deliverance,   and  yearned  to 

beat  backward  the  foe; 
But  Pleasure  and  Comfort  were  reigning,  nor  danger  was 

spoken  or  guessed, 
In  beautiful,  golden  Chicago,  gay  Queen  of  the  North  and 

the  West. 

V. 

Then  up  in  the  streets  of  the  city, 
The  careless  and  negligent  city, 
The  soon  to  be  sacrificed  city, 
Doomed  Queen  of  the  North  and  the  West, 
Crept  softly  and    slyly,   so  tiny  it  was  hardly  worthy  the 

name, 
Crept,  slowly  and  soft  through  the  rubbish,  a  radiant  serpent 

of  flame. 
The  South- wind  and  West- wind  came  shrieking,  "  Rouse  up 

in  your  strength  and  your  ire ! 

For  many  a  year  they  have  chained  you,  and  crushed  you, 
0  demon  of  fire ! 


204  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

For  many  a  year  they  have  bound  you,  and  made  you  their 
servant  and  slave! 

Now,  rouse  you,  and  dig  for  this  city  a  fiery  and  desolate 
grave ! 

Freig..fc  heavy  with  grief  and  with  wailing  her  world-scat- 
tered prido  end  renown! 

Charge  straight  on  her  mansions  of  splendor,  and  battle  her 
battlements  down! 

And  we,  the  strong  South-wind  and  West-wind,  with  thrice 
double  fury  possessed, 

Will  sweep  with  you  over  this  city,  this  Queen  of  the  North 
and  the  West! " 

VI. 

Then  straight  at  the  great,  quiet  city, 

The  strong  and  o'erconfident  city, 

The  well-nigh  invincible  city, 

Doomed  Queen  of  the  North  and  the  West, 

The  Fire-devil  rallied  his  legions,  and  speeded  them  forth 
on  the  wind, 

With  tinder  and  treasures  before  him,  with  ruins  and  tem- 
pests behind. 

The  tenement  crushed  'neath  his  footstep,  the  mansion  oped 
wide  at  hie  knock; 

And  walk  that  had  frowned  him  defiance,  t!  ey  trembled 
and  fell  with  a  shock; 

And  down  on  the  hot,  smoking  house-tops  came  raining  a 
deluge  of  tire 

And  sen^ents  of  flame  writhed  and  clambered,  and  twisted 
on  steeple  and  spire; 


THE  BURNING  OF  CHICAGO.  205 

And  beautiful,  glorious  Chicago,  the  city  of  riches  and 
fame, 

Was  swept  by  a  storm  of  destruction,  was  flooded  by  bil- 
lows of  flame. 

The  Fire-king  loomed  high  in  his  glory,  with  crimson  and 
flame-streaming  crest, 

And  grinned  his  fierce  scorn  on  Chicago,  doomed  Queen  of 
the  North  and  the  West. 

VII. 

Then  swiftly  the  quick-breathing  city, 
The  fearful  and  panic-struck  city, 
The  startled  and  fire-deluged  city, 
Rushed  back  from  the  South  and  the  West. 

And  loudly  the  fire-bells  were  clanging,  and  ringing  their 
funeral  notes; 

And  loudly  wild  accents  of  terror  came  pealing  from  thou- 
sands of  throats; 

And  loud  was  the  wagon's  deep  rumbling,  and  loud  the 
wheel's  clatter  and  creak; 

And  loud  was  the  calling  for  succor  from  those  who  were 
sightless  and  weak; 

And  loud  were  the  hoofs  of  the  horses,  and  loud  was  the 
tramping  of  feet; 

And  loud  was  the  gale's  ceaseless  howling  through  fire- 
lighted  alley  and  street; 

But  louder,  yet  louder,  the  crashing  of  roofs  and  of  walls  as 
they  fell; 

And  louder,  yet  louder,  the  roaring  that  told  of  the  coming 
rof  hell. 


208  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  Fire-king  threw  back  his  black  mantle  from  off  hia  great 

blood-dappled  breast, 
And  sneered  in  the  face  of  Chicago,  the  Queen  of  the  North 

and  the  West. 

vni. 

And  there,  in  the  terrible  city, 
In  the  panic-struck,  terror-crazed  city, 
The  flying  and  flame-pursued  city, 
The  torch  of  the  North  and  the  West, 
A  beautiful  maiden  lay  moaning,  as  many  a  day  she  had 

lain, 
In  fetters  of  wearisome  weakness,  and  throbbings  of  pitiful 

pain, 
The  amorous  Fire-king  came  to  her — he  breathed  his  hot 

breath  on  her  cheek; 
She  fled  from  his  touch,  but  he  caught  her,  and  held  her,  all 

pulseless  and  weak. 
The  Fire-king  he  caught  her  and  held  her,  in  warm  and 

unyielding  embrace; 
He  wrapped  her  about  in  his  vestments,  he  pressed  his  hot 

lips  to  her  face; 
Then,  sated  and  palled  with  his  triumph,  he  scornfully  flung 

her  away. 
And,  blackened  and  crushed  in  the  ruins,  unknown  and  un- 

coffined,  she  lay — 
Lay,   blackened   and    crushed  in  the  ruins,   in  ruined  and 

desolate  rest, 
Like  ravished  and  ruined  Chicago,  the  Queen  of  the  North 

and  the  West. 


THE  BURNING  OF  CHICAGO.  207 

IX. 

\, 
'Twas  morn  in  the  desolate  city, 

The  ragged  and  ruin-heaped  city, 
The  homeless  and  hot- smoking  city, 
The  "rief  of  tho      orth  and  the  West. 

<Q? 
But  down   from  the   West  came  the  bidding,  "  O  Queen,  lift 

i:i  courage  thy  l:~ad! 

Thy  friends  and  thy  neighbors  awaken,  and  hasten  with  rai- 
ment and  bread." 

And  up  from  the  South  camo  the  bidding,  "  Cheer  up,  fairest 
Queen  of  the  Lakes! 

For  comfort  2nd  aid  shall  bo  coming  from  out  our  savannas 
and  brakes!  " 

And  down  from  the  North  came  the  bidding,  "  O  city,  bo 
hopeful  of  cheer! 

Wc'vo  somewhat  to  spare  for  thy  sufferers,  for  ell  cf  our  suf- 
fering here ! " 

An  I  up  from  tho  East  came  tho  bidding, "  O  city,  bo  dauntless 
and  bold! 

Look  hither  for  food  and  for  raiment — look  hither  for  credit 
and  gold! " 

And  all  through  '"  o  world  went  the  bidding,  "Bring  hither 
your  Choicest  and  best, 

For  weary  and  hungry  Chicago,  sad  Queen  of  tho  North  and 
the  West!" 

X. 

O  crushed  but  invincible  city! 

O  broken  but  fust-rising  city! 

O  glorious  and  unconquered  city, 

Still  Queen  of  the  Xorth  and  the  West! 


208  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  long,  golden  years  of  the  future,  with  treasures  increasing 

and  rare, 
Shall  glisten  upon  thy  rich  garments,  shall  tw' — >  in  the  folds 

'  of  thy  hair! 
From  out  the  black  heaps  of  thy  ruins  new  columns  of  beauty 

shall  rise, 
And  glittering  domes  shall  fling  grandly  our  nation's  proud 

flag  to  the  skies! 
From  off  thy  wide  prairies  of  splendor  the  treasures  of  autumn 

shall  pour; 
The  breezes  shall  sweep  from  the  northward,  and  hurry   the 

ships  to  thy  shore! 
For  Heaven  will  look  downward  in  mercy  on  those  who've 

passed  under  the  rod, 
And  happ'ly  again  they  will  prosper,  and  bask  in  the  blessings 

of  God. 
Once  more   thou   shall   stand  mid  the  cities,  by  prosperous 

breezes  caressed, 
O  grand  and  unconquered  Chicago,  still  Queen  of  the  North 

and  the  West. 


CHICAGO.  iX)9 


CHICAGO. 


JOHN  GREENLEA.P  WHITTIKR. 


Men  said  at  vespers:  "All  is  well! " 
In  one  wild  night  the  city  fell; 
Fell  shrines  of  prayer  and  marts  of  gain 
Before  the  fiery  hurricane. 

On  three  score  spires  had  sunset  shone, 
Where  ghastly  sunrise  looked  on  none. 
Men  clasped  each  other's  hands,  and  said: 
«  The  City  of  the  West  is  dead!  " 

Brave  hearts  who  fought,  in  slow  retreat, 
The  fiends  of  fire  from  street  to  street, 
Turned,  powerless,  to  the  blinding  glare, 
The  dumb  defiance  of  despair. 

A  sudden  impulse  thrilled  each  wire 

That  signalled  round  that  sea  of  fire; 

Swift  words  of  cheer,  warm  heart-throbs  came; 

In  tears  of  pity  died  the  flame! 

From  East,  from  West,  from  South  and  North, 
The  messages  of  hope  shot  forth, 
And,  underneath  the  severing  wave, 
The  world,  full- handed,  reached  to  save. 

Fair  seemed  the  old;  but  fairer  still 
The  new,  the  dreary  void  shall  fill 
With  dearer  homes  than  those  o'erthrown, 
For  love  shall  lay  each  corner-stone. 


210  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO, 

Rise,  stricken  city! — from  thee  throw 
The  ashen  sackcloth  of  thy  woe; 
And  build,  as  to  Amphion's  strain, 
To  songs  of  cheer  thy  walls  again ! 

How  shrivelled  in  thy  hot  distress 
The  primal  sin  of  selfishness! 
How  instant  rose,  to  take  thy  part, 
The  angel  in  the  human  heart! 

Ah!  not  in  vain  the  flames  that  tossed 
Above  thy  dreadful  holocaust; 
The  Christ  again  has  preached  through  thee 
The  Gospel  of  Humanity! 

Then  lift  once  more  thy  towers  on  high, 
And  fret  with  spires  the  western  sky, 
To  tell  that  God  is  yet  with  us, 
And  love  is  still  miraculous! 


CHICAGO. 

October  10,  1871. 


BRET  HARTS. 


Blackened  and  bleeding,  helpless,  panting,  prone, 
On  the  charred  fragments  of  her  shattered  throne 
Lies  she  who  stood  but  yesterday  alone. 

Queen  of  the  West!  by  some  enchanter  taught 

To  lift  the  glory  of  Aladdin's  court, 

Then  lose  the  spell  that  all  that  wonder  wrought. 


CHICAGO. 

Like  her  own  prairies  by  some  chance  seed  sown, 
Like  her  own  prairies  in  one  brief  day  grown, 
Like  her  own  prairies  in  one  fierce  night  mown. 

She  lifts  her  voice,  and  in  her  pleading  call 
We  hear  the  cry  of  Macedon  to  Paul  > 
The  cry  for  help  that  makes  her  kin  to  all. 

But  haply  with  wan  fingers  may  she  'feel 
The  silver  cup  hid  in  the  proffered  meal, 
The  gifts  her  kinship  and  our  loves  reveal. 


211 


212  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

CHICAGO  EST  DELENDA. 


W.  &  RICHARDS,  D.  D 


A  city  sovereign  in  the  golden  West, 

But  yesterday  magnificent  in  pride, 
To-day,  the  wail  of  anguish  from  her  breast 

Wakes  echoes  to  each  mighty  ocean's  tide. 

A  wail  of  anguish,  rung  out  by  the  flames 
That  licked  her  splendors  level  to  the  dust, 

And  blazoned  hers,  the  chief  of  ill-starred  names 
That  history  holds  in  melancholy  trust. 

Her  matchless  miracle  of  sudden  rise, 

That  mocked  at  fable  and  enchantment's  art, 

Is  peerless  now  no  more  in  our  sad  eyes, 
That  see  her  glories,  like  a  dream,  depart. 

Her  palaces  were  poems  wrought  in  stone  ; 

Her  marts,  like  Egypt's,  for  the  world  poured  grain  ; 
Her  prairies  girt  her  with  a  golden  zone  ; 

Her  fame  seemed  that  of  Carthage  come  again. 

But  Roman  legions  at  Chicago's  breast 

Hurled  no  red  bolts  that  hapless  Carthage  rent ; 

In  peace  the  hot  cup  to  her  lips  was  prest, 
And  shrieking  to  her  funeral  pyre  she  went. 

O  day  of  horror !  day  of  ruthless  woe  ! 

That  stripped  the  West's  young  queen  of  all  her  pride, 
Her  stately  domes  and  lofty  towers  laid  low, 

And  'whelmed  her  homes  in  terror's  crimson  tide  ! 


CHICAGO  EST  DELENDA.  213 

Checked  are  the  currents  of  her  boundless  trade  ; 

Her  giant  granaries  smoke  with  smouldering  wheat ; 
Her  daughters,  in  their  silks  no  more  arrayed, 

Half  clad  and  homeless,  shiver  on  the  street. 

If  of  her  magic  growth  her  heart  beat  proud, 
And  in  her  stones  and  stocks  she  took  delight  ; 

If  jealous  rivals  called  her  fast  and  loud, 
None  grudge  her  tears  of  pity  in  her  plight. 

Proud,  but  beneficent,  and  fast  to  spend 
The  easy  gold  her  skill  was  swift  to  make  ; 

Of  arts  and  toil  at  royal  rate  the  friend, 
And  wisdom's  lover  for  its  own  sweet  sake. 

Ah,  luckless  queen — her  strength  and  beauty  scarred, 

She  lies  to-day  on  ashes  for  her  bed  ; 
And  all  the  land  in  her  despoil  is  marred, 

And  all  its  joy  in  her  despair  is  dead. 

The  East  and  West  their  eager  hands  stretch  forth, 
To  pour  their  wine  and  oil  at  her  scorched  feet ; 

In  love  and  largess  blend  the  South  and  North — 
A  people's  pain  and  pity  swift  to  meet. 

Her  sons  her  crumbled  greatness  will  rebuild, 

When  the  blanched  terror  flies  their  kindling  lips, 

And  the  glad  glow  of  pride  again  shall  gild 

Their  queen's  fair  face,  now  prone  in  foul  eclipse. 


COMPLETE  GUIDE 

TO   THE 

Cits  of  Chicago, 

COMPRISING  OFFICIAL  INFORMATION  OF  BAGGAGE,  HACK,  CAB, 
AND  STREET  CAR  RATES  AND  LINES;  EXPRESS,  RAILWAY,  AND 
STEAMBOAT  LINES;  SUBURBAN  TOWNSJ  STREETS,  AVENUES, 
AND  BOULEVARDS;  PARKS;  PLACES  OF  AMUSEMENT;  PUB- 
LIC   HALLS     AND     BUILDINGS;      CHURCHES,     ASYLUMS, 

DISPENSARIES,  AND  HOSPITALS;  SCHOOLS,  COLLEGES, 
AND  UNIVERSITIES;    BANKS;    CEMETERIES;   CON- 
VENTS;     CITY,     COUNTY,    AND     GOVERNMENT 

OFFICES;  FOREIGN  CONSULS;  HOTELS;  LIBRA- 
RIES AND  READING  KOOMSJ    POST-OFFICES; 
SOCIETIES  AND    CLUBS ;    TELEGRAPH    AND 
TELEPHONE     COMPANIES',      THEATERS; 
TRANSPORTATION    LINES;     BRIDGES, 
TUNNELS,  AND  WATER  WORKS; 
AND  LIST  OF  LEADING  BUSI- 
NESS MEN  AND  WOMEN. 


EDITED  BY  R.  S.  RHODES. 


CHICAGO: 

RHODES  &  MCCLURE  PUB.  Co. 
1888. 


IDieitore 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 


(SEE  MAP  LAST  PAGE  OF  BOOK 

ABBREVIATIONS. 


Al Alley 

Av Avenue 

Bet Between 

Bldg Building 

Boul Boulevard 

Cor Corner 

Ct Court 

E East 

E.  S East  Side 

.  Fr From 

N North 

N.  D North  Division 

Ne Northeast 

Nr Near 

N.  S North  Side 

Nw Northwest 


Op Opposite 

Pk Park 

PI Place 

Rd Road 

R  R Rail  Road 

Ry Railway 

S South 

S.  D South  Division 

Se Southeast 

S.  S South  Side 

Sq Square 

Sw Southwest 

St Street 

W West 

W.  D West  Division 

W.  S  . .  . .  West  Side 


CAUTIONS  TO  TRAVELERS. 

1.  Always  make  a  bargain  beforehand. 

2.  Take  number  of  expressman,  hackman,  or  cab-driver,  in  case  of 
any  difficulty,  and  report  at  office  and  to  the  police,  at  the  City  Hall. 

(217) 


218  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

3.  Never  repose  confidence  in  strangers. 

4.  Hotel  proprietors,  according  to  the  laws  of  Illinois,  are  not  liable 
for  guests'  valuables,  unless  placed  in  their  care  at  the  office. 

5.  Look  out  for  the  "  elefant."    Keep  to  the  right. 

6.  Keep  your  eyes  open  and  your  mouth  shut.     Keep  your  feet  from 
stumbling  and  your  ways  from  guile. 

7.  Buy  and  use  our  "  CHICAGO  HISTORY  AND  GUIDE." 


COACH  AND  HACK  ORDINANCE. 

The  price  to  be  charged  by  the  owner  or  owners,  or  drivers,  of  hack- 
ney coaches,  or  other  vehicles  for  the  conveyance  of  passengers,  except 
cabs,  omnibuses,  for  hire  within  the  city  of  Chicago,  shall  be  as  follows, 
to  be  regulated  and  estimated  by  the  distance  on  the  most  direct  routes. 
namely: 

For  conveying  one  or  two  passengers  from  one  railroad  depot  to  an- 
other railroad  depot,  $1. 

For  conveying  one  or  two  passengers  not  exceeding  one  mile,  $1 . 

For  conveying  one  or  two  passengers  any  distance  over  one  mile  and 
less  than  two  miles,  81.50. 

For  conveying  each  additional  passenger  of  the  same  family  or  party, 
50  cents. 

For  conveying  one  or  two  passengers  any  distance  exceeding  two  miles, 
$2. 

For  each  additional  passenger  of  the  same  family  or  party,  50  cents. 

For  conveying  children  between  five  and  fourteen  years  of  age,  half 
the  above  rates  may  be  charged  for  like  distances,  but  for  children  under 
five  years  of  age  no  charge  shall  be  made. 

For  the  use  by  the  day  of  any  hackney  coach,  or  other  vehicle  drawn 
by  two  horses  or  other  animals,  with  one  or  more  passengers,  eight  dol- 
lars per  day. 

For  the  use  of  such  carriage  or  vehicle  by  the  hour,  with  one  or  more 
passengers,  with  the  privilege  of  going  from  place  to  place,  and  stopping 
as  often  as  may  be  required,  as  follows:  For  the  first  hour,  two  dollars; 
for  each  additional  hour  or  part  of  an  hour,  one  dollar. 


CAB  ORDINANCE. 

The  prices  or  rates  of  fare  to  be  asked  or  demanded  by  the  owners  or 
drivers  of  cabs  or  other  vehicles  drawn  by  one  horse,  or  other  animal,  for 
the  conveyance  of  passengers  for  hire,  shall  be  not  more  than  as  follows: 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  iU9 

One  mile,  or  fraction  thereof,  for  each  passenger  for  the  first  mile $  25 

One  mile,  or  fraction  thereof,  for  any  distance  after  first  mile,  for  one  or  more 

passengers 25 

For  the  first  hour '5 

For  each  quarter  hour  additional  after  first  hour 20 

For  service  outside  of  city  limits,  and  in  the  parks,  for  the  first  hour 1  00 

For  each  quarter  hour  after  the  first  hour 25 

Between  any  two  R.R.depots -         25 


All  such  vehicles  shall  be  under  the  direction  of  the  passenger  from 
the  time  he  or  she  calls  said  vehicle  until  the  same  is  discharged,  and  will 
be  paid  for  accordingly.  In  the  case  of  a  vehicle  being  engaged  by  the 
hour  and  discharged  a  distance  from  its  stand,  the  owner  or  driver  shall 
have  the  right  to  charge  for  the  time  necessary  to  return  to  such  stand, 
where  engaged. 

In  all  cases  when  the  hiring  of  a  hackney  coach,  cab,  or  other  vehicle 
for  the  conveyance  of  passengers,  is  not  at  the  time  thereof  specified  to  be 
by  the  hour,  it  shall  be  deemed  to  be  by  the  mile. 

Every  licensed  owner  or  driver  of  any  hackney  coach,  cab,  or  other  ve- 
hicle, shall  have  the  right  to  demand  his  fare  of  the  person  or  persons 
employing  him,  on  entering  his  coach  or  cab,  and  may  refuse  to  convey 
any  person  who  will  not  comply  with  said  demand. 

No  owner  or  driver  of  any  hackney  coach,  cab  or  other  vehicle  for  the 
conveyance  of  passengers,  shall  refuse  to  convey  any  person  with  or 
without  baggage,  as  aforesaid,  when  applied  to  for  that  purpose;  or,  hav- 
ing undertaken  to  convey  such  person,  shall  omit  or  neglect  so  to  do. 

Every  passenger  shall  be  allowed  to  have  conveyed  upon  above  ve- 
hicles, without  charge,  his  ordinary  traveling  baggage,  not  exceeding  in 
any  case  one  trunk  and  twenty-five  pounds  of  other  baggage.  For  every 
additional  package,  where  the  whole  weight  of  baggage  is  over  one  hun- 
dred pounds,  if  conveyed  to  ny  place  within  the  city  limits,,  the  owner 
or  driver  shall  be  permitted  to  charge  fifteen  cents. 


PUBLIC  PORTERS 

Shall  be  entitled  to  charge  for  each  trunk  or  package  which  they  may 
carry,  twelve  and  a  half  cents,  for  any  distance  not  exceeding  one-fourth 
of  a  mile,  and  twenty-five  cents  for  any  distance  exceeding  one-fourth,  of 
a  mile;  and  no  public  porter  shall  demand  or  exact  any  greater  sums  than 
are  herein  permitted. 


•220 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 


EXPRESSMEN 

Are  allowed  to  charge  for  loads  not  exceeding  five  hundred  pounds 
weight,  one  mile,  fifty  cents.  Every  additional  mile  may  be  charged  for 
at  the  rate  of  twenty-five  cents  for  each  and  every  mile.  For  over  five 
hundred  pounds,  fifty  cents  for  every  additional  five  hundred  pounds,  or 
fraction  thereof. 


CAB  LINES. 

Chicago  Cab  Co.,  1254  Wabash  avenue;  telephone,  8348. 
Chicago  Hansom  Cab  Co.,  office  and  stables,  203  to  207  South  Clinton 
street;  telephone,  5501;  C.  A.  Needham,  superintendent. 


STANDS: 


Rowe  Brothers,  jewelers,  State  and  Monroe  streets. 
Monroe  street,  opposite  ladies'  entrance,  Palmer  House. 

Tribune  Building,  Dearborn  and  Madison  streets. 


And  principal  depots. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  221 

HINTS  TO  OUR  PATRONS. 

Having  decided  that  you  want  a  Cab,  be  sure  and  secure  one  of  the 
Chicago  Hansom  Cab  Company's.  This  company  is  the  largest  in  the 
city,  having  fifty-one  elegantly  appointed  Cabs.  It  is  the  aim  of  this  com- 
pany to  place  before  the  public  a  service  so  x>erfect  in  all  its  details  that 
even  the  most  fastidious  can  not  complain. 

On  getting  into  one  of  our  Cabs,  first,  notice  the  number;  it  is  not 
much  trouble,  and  helps  to  insure  you  against  losses  or  overcharge?. 
Then  state  how  you  want  the  Cab,  by  the  hour  or  otherwise,  as  this  omis- 
sion is  often  the  cause  of  a  dispute. 

On  arriving  at  your  destination,  ask  the  driver  how  much;  it  is  his 
business  to  know  exactly  how  much  it  ought  to  be,  and  if  you  think  he  is 
overcharging  you,  pay  him  what  he  asks,  and  report  same  as  soon  as  pos- 
sible to  our  office,  47  Monroe  street.  This  is  far  better  than  the  unseem- 
liness of  a  dispute  on  the  public  streets,  and  you  can  rely  on  a  prompt 
return  of  your  money  if  the  driver  is  at  fault. 

NOTE.    This  refers  only  to  the  Chicago  Hansom  Cab  Company's  Cabs. 


DISTANCE  RATES: 

One  mile  or  less,  for  each  passenger,        ....       25  cents. 
Each  additional  mile  or  fraction  thereof,  one  or  two  passengers,  25  cents. 


For  one  stop  or  wait  of  not  over  five  minutes,  no  charge  will  be  made. 
For  over  five  minutes,  or  more  than  one  stop  or  wait,  10  cents  will  be 
charged  for  each  ten  minutes  or  part  thereof. 


HOUR  RATES: 

For  one  or  two  persons,  per  hour,  within  four  mile  limit,  -  7o  cents. 
For  each  quarter  hour  additional,  or  fraction  thereof,  -  20  cents. 
For  one  or  two  persons,  per  hour,  outside  four  mile  limit,  also 

Lincoln  Park,  -  -  $1.00 

For  each  quarter  hour  additional,  or  fraction  thereof,  -  25  cents. 
When  continuous  stop  of  one  half  hour  or  more  is  made,  the 

charge  per  hour  will  be  at  rate  of  70  cents 

When  service  is  desired  by  the  hour,  it  must  be  so  stated  at  the  time 
of  engaging  the  cab,  otherwise  the  distaro  •  *-ate  will  be  charged. 


222  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Hour  engagements,  when  the  cab  is  discharged  at  a  distance  of  over 
half  a  mile  from  the  stand,  the  time  necessary  to  return  to  the  stand  will 
be  charged  for.  No  time  engagements  will  be  made  for  less  than  the 
price  of  one  hour. 

When  cabs  are  ordered  from  a  distance  "by  telephone  or  otherwise, 
service  witl  be  charged  from  time  of  leaving  stand. 


GURNET  PHAETON  &  CAB  Co.,  39  to  45  W.  Adams.     Telephone, 

4404. 

(For  Bates  of  Fare,  see  "  Cab  Ordinance,"  above.) 


ASYLUMS. 

Chicago  Nursery  and  Half  Orphan  Asylum,  855  N.  Halsted. 

Chicago  Orphan  Asylum,  2228  Michigan  Av. 

Chicago  Protestant  Orphan  Asylum,  2228  Michigan  Av. 

Chicago  Reform  and  Industrial  School,  Feehanville,  111.,  on  Chicago, 
Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul  R.  R. 

Cook  County  Insane  Asylum,  Jefferson,  111.,  on  Chicago,  Milwaukee  A 
St.  Paul  R.  R. 

Cook  County  Poor  House,  Jefferson. 

Erring  Woman's  Refuge,  31 11  Indiana  Av.,  S.  E.  corner  Thirty-first. 

Foundlings'  Home,  114  S.  Wood,  near  W.  Madison. 

German  Orphan  Asylum,  Rosehill,  HI.,  on  Milwaukee  Div.[C.  &  N. 
W.  R.  R. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  223 

Good  Samaritan  Industrial  Home,  151  Lincoln  Av.,' office  171  and  173 
Randolph. 

Guardian  Angel,  German  (Rom.  Cath.),  Orphan  Asylum,  Rosehill. 

Home  for  the  Aged,  W.  Harrison,  cor.  Throop 

Home  for  the  Friendless,  1926  Wabash  Av. 

Home  for  Incurables,  Racine  Av.,  southeast  corner  Fullerton  Av. 

House  of  Providence  (for  young  women),  Calumet  Av.,  corner  26th. 

House  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  N.  Market,  corner  Hill. 

Martha  Washington  Home,  Lake  View.    Office  568  W.  Madison  St. 

Newsboys1  and  Bootblacks'  Home,  1421  Wabash  Av. 

Old  People's  Home,  Indiana  Av.,  northwest  corner  Thirty-nint) 

Rehoboth  Industrial  Home  for  Fallen  Women,  129  Fourth  Av. 

Servite  Sisters'  Industrial  Home  for  Girls,  1396  W.  Van  Buren. 

Soldiers'  Home,  South  Evanston,  on  Milwaukee  Div.  C.  &  N.  W.  R.  R. 

St.  Joseph's  Home  for  the  Friendless,  409  and  411  South  May.- 

St.  Joseph's  Orphan  Asylum,  Douglas  Av.,  corner  Lake  Av.,  near 
Douglas  monument. 

St.  Mary's  Orphan  Asylum,  2928  Archer  Av. 

St.  Mary's  Training  School  for  Boys,  Feehanville,  111. 

St.  Vincent's  Foundling  Asylum  and  Lying-in  Hospital,  191  La  Salle 
Avenue. 

Talcott  Day  Nursery  and  Kindergarten,  169  W.  Adams. 

Uhlich  Evangelical  Lutheran  Orphan  Asylum,  Burlinf.  northwest 
corner  Center. 

Washingtonian  Home,  566  to  572  W.  Madison. 

Working  Women's  Industrial  Home,  216  Fulton 


BANKS. 

Bank  of  British  North  America,   107  Royal  Ins.  bldg.,  Quincy. 

Bank  of  Montreal,  226  LaSalle. 

Canadian  Bank  of  Commerce,  LaSalle,  nw.  cor.  Adams. 

Chicago  Clearing  House  Association,  80  LaSalle. 

Chicago  National  Bank,  Dearborn,  sw.  cor.  Madison. 

Chicago  Trust  and  Savings  Bank,  120  LaKalle. 

Commercial  National  Bank,  Dearborn,  se.  cor.  Monroe. 

Continental  National  Bank,  LaSalle,  sw.  cor.  Adams. 

Corn  Exchange  Bank,  222  LaSalle. 

Drover's  National  Bank,  4207  S.  Halsted. 

First  National  Bank,  Dearborn,  nw.  cor.  Monroe. 

Hibernian  Banking  Association,  Lake,  sw.  cor.  Clark. 


224  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Hide  and  Leather  National  Bank,  68  and  70  LaSalle. 
Home  National  Bank  of  Chicago,  184  W.  Washington. 
Illinois  Trust  and  Savings  Bank,  145  and  147  Randolph. 
International  Bank,  108  LaSalle. 
Merchants'  Loan  and  Trust  Co.,  103  Dearborn. 
Merchants'  National  Bank,  80  and  82  LaSalle. 
Metropolitan  National  Bank,  LaSalle,  nw.  cor.  Madison. 
National  Bank  of  America,  nw.  cor.  LaSalle  and  Washington. 
National  Bank  of  Illinois,  113  Dearborn. 
Northwestern  National  Bank,  Clark,  ne.  cor.  Washington. 
The  Prairie  State  Loan  and  Trust  Co.,  110  W.  Washington. 
Traders'  Bank,  138  LaSalle. 

Twenty-second  St.  Bank,  Twenty-second,  cor.  Michigan  av. 
Union  National  Bank,  LaSalle,  sw.  cor.  Washington. 
Union  Stock  Yards  National  Bank,   Union  Stock  Yards. 
Western  Investment  Bank,  86  LaSalle. 


SAVINGS  BANKS. 

Dime  Savings  Bank,  104  Washington. 
Hibernian  Banking  Association,  Lake,  sw.  cor.  Clark. 
Illinois  Trust  and  Savings  Bank,  145  and  147  Randolph. 
Prairie  State  Loan  &  Trust  Co.,  110  W.  Washington 
Union  Trust  Co.  Savings  Bank,  133  Dearborn. 


SAFE  DEPOSITORIES. 

Chicago  Safety  Vaults,  104  Washington. 
Commercial  Safety  Deposit  Co.,  88  Monroe. 
Fidelity  Safety  Deposit  Co. ,  143  Randolph. 
Merchants'  Safe  Deposit  Co.,  78  LaSalle. 
National  Safe  Deposit  Co.,  160  Dearborn. 
Royal  Safe  Deposit  Co.,  167  Jackson. 


CEMETERIES. 

Anshe  Maarabo,  Green  Bay  road,  near  city  limits. 
Beth  Hamedrash,  Oakwoods,  S.  of  city  limits. 
B'Nai  Sholom,  Green  Bay  road,  S.  of  Graceland. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  225 

Calvary,  ten  miles  N.  of  city,  on  Mil.  Div.,  C.  &  N.  W.  R.  R. 

Cemetery  of  the  Congregation  of  the  North  Side,  Waldheim. 

Cemetery  of  the  Congregation  of  Sinai,  Rosehill,  on  Mil.  Div.,  C.  & 
N.  W.  R.  R. 

Cemetery  of  the  Congregation  cf  Sons  of  Peace.  Green  Bay  road,  S. 
of  Graceland. 

Cemetery  of  the  Free  Sons  of  Israel,  Waldheim. 

Cemetery  of  the  Hebrew  Benevolent  Society,  S.  of  Gracelan,d. 

Chebra  Gemilay  Chasadim,  Green  Bay  road,  S.  of  Graceland. 

Chebra  Kadisha  Ubikar  Cholim,  Green  Bay  road,  S.  of  Graceland. 

Concordia,  five  miles  W.  of  city  limits,  on  Madison. 

Forest  Home  Cemetery,  office  88  "Washington. 

German  Lutheran  of  St.  Paul  and  Emanuel  Churches,  two  miles  N. 
of  city  limits,  near  Graceland. 

Graceland,  Green  Bay  road,  two  miles  N.  of  city  limits. 

Mt.  Greenwood  Cemetery,  Washington  Heights  on  C.  &  G.  T.  Ry. 

Oakwoods,  Hyde  Park,  on  111.  Cent.  R.  R. 

Rosehill,  seven  miles  from  city,  on  Mil.  Div.,  C.  &  N.  W.  R.  R. 

St.  Boniface  (German  Catholic),  Green  Bay  road,  three  miles  N.  of  city 
limits. 

Waldheim,  on  Galena  Div.  of  C.  &  N.  W.  R.  R.,  ten  miles  from  city 

Zion  Congregation  Cemetery,  Rosehill. 


CHURCHES. 

ADVENTIST. 

Christian,  91  S.  Green. 

German,  Noble,  sw.  cor.  W.  Superior. 

Scandinavian,  269  W.  Erie. 

BAPTIST. 

English. 

Bethesda  (colored),  2931  Dearborn. 
Brighton  Park,  Thirty-eighth,  cor.  Blanchard  avenue. 
Centennial,  W.  Jackson,  cor.  Lincoln. 
Central,  N.  Halsted,  cor.  Belden  avenue. 
First,  South  Park  avenue,  cor.  Thirty-first. 
Fourth,  Washington  boul.,  cor.  Paulina. 
Humboldt  Park. 

Immanuel,  Michigan  avenue,  near  Twenty-third. 
5 


226  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

I/a  Salle  Avenue,  La  Salle  avenue,  near  Division. 

Memorial,  Oakwood  boulevard,  near  Cottage  Grove  avenue. 

North  Ashland  Avenue,  N.  Ashland  avenue,  near  W.  North  avenue. 

Olivet,  (colored,)  Harrison  street,  cor.  Holden  place. 

Providence,  (colored,)  15  N.  Irving  place. 

Second,  cor.  Morgan  and  W.  Monroe. 

South,  Lock,  cor.  Bonaparte. 

Western  Avenue,  Western  avenue,  cor.  Warren  avenue. 


Dearborn  Street, 

Hope,  (Sunday-School,)  432  Milwaukee  avenue. 
Paulina  Mission,  Portland  avenue,  cor.  Twenty-eighth. 
Trinity,  W.  Indiana,  cor.  N.  Lincoln. 

Free  Will  Baptist- 
Free  Will.  cor.  Loomis  and  W.  Jackson. 

Danish. 
First,  187  N.  Union. 

German. 

First,  Bickerdike,  cor.  W.  Huron. 

Mission,  Wentworth  avenue,  cor.  Twentieth. 

Second,  Burling,  cor.  Willow. 

Swedish. 

First,  Oak,  near  Sedgwick. 

Second,  Butterfield,  near  Thirty-first. 

CHRISTIAN. 

Central,  Indiana  avenue,  cor.  Twenty-fifth. 
First,  W.  Jackson,  cor.  Oakley  avenue. 
South,  cor.  Drexel  av.  and  Fortieth. 
West  Side,  Western  avenue,  cor.  W.  Van  Buren. 

CONGREGATIONAL. 

English. 

Bethany,  Superior,  cor.  Lincoln. 

California  Avenue,  W.  Van  Buren,  cor.  Calif ornia  avenue. 

Central  Park,  W.  Forty-first,  cor.  Fulton. 

Central  Park  Chapel,  W.  Lake,  cor.  Albany  avenue. 

Church  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  3207  S.  Ashland  avenue. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  227 

Church  of  the  Redeemer,  Lake  View,  1}£  m.  N.  of  city  limit.    (Se« 
Lake  View  church.) 

Clinton  Street,  S.  Clinton,  cor.  Wilson. 
First,  W.  Washington,  sw.  cor.  Ann. 
Immanuel,  2809  State. 
Lake  View,  Lill  av.,  cor.  Seminary  av. 
Leavitt  Street,  W.  Adams,  cor.  Leavitt. 
Lincoln  Park,  cor.  Mohawk  and  Garfield  av. 
Millard  Avenue,  Millard  av.,  cor.  Central  Park  av.  and  23d. 
New  England,  Dearborn  av.,  cor.  Delaware  pi. 
Northwest  Chapel,  Powell  av.,  cor.  Cherry  pi. 
Pacific. 

Plymouth,  Michigan  av.,  nr.  26th. 
South,  Drexel  Boulevard,  cor.  40th. 
Tabernacle,  W.  Indiana,  se.  cor.  Morgan. 
Union  Park,  cor.  S.  Ashland  av.  and  Washington  Boul. 
Union  Tabernacle,  S.  Ashland  av.,  cor.  W.  20th. 
Western  Avenue  Chapel,  Western  av.,  cor.  W,  Polk. 

German. 

Pilgrim,  W.  Indiana,  cor.  Hoyne  av. 

Sedgwick  Street  Mission,  Sedgwick,  cor.  Blackhawk. 

South.  Ullman,  cor.  James  av. 

Welsh. 
Church,  Peoria  St.,  near  Jackson. 

Missions. 

Ashland  Avenue,  S.  Ashland  av.,  cor.  W.  12th. 

Oakley  Avenue,  Oakley  av.,  bet.  W.  Indiana  and  Hubbard, 

Orton,  W.  Lake,  cor.  Seymour  av. 

Plymouth,  31st,  cor.  Butterfield. 

Portland,  31st,  cor.  Portland  av. 

Randolph  Street,  98  W.  Randolph. 

DUTCH    EEFORMED. 

First  Reformed  Holland,  W.  Harrison,  cor.  May. 
Holland  Christian  Reformed,  W.  14th,  nr.  Throop. 

EPISCOPAL. 

Cathedral,  SS.  Peter  and  Paul,  cor.  W.  Washington  and  Peoria. 
Calvary,  Warren  av.,  bet.  Oakley  and  Western  a  vs. 


228  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Chapel  of  St.  Luke's  Hospital,  1430  Indiana  av. 

Church  of  Our  Savior,  Lincoln  av.,  cor.  Belden  av. 

Church  of  the  Ascension,  N.  LaSalle,  cor.  Elm. 

Church  of  the  Epiphany,  cor,  Ashland  av.  and  Adams. 

Church  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  Genesee  av.,  cor.  24th. 

Church  of  the  Holy  Communion,  S.  Dearborn,  nr.  29th. 

Church  of  St.  Clement,  State,  cor.  20th. 

Grace,  1445  Wabash  av.,  nr.  16th. 

St.  Andrew's,  Washington  Boulevard,  cor.  Robey. 

St.  Ansgarius',  Sedgwick,  near  Chicago  av. 

St.  Barnabas',  Park  av.,  cor.  W.  44th. 

St.  James',  cor.  Cass  and  Huron. 

St.  Luke's,  388  Western  av.,  bet.  Harrison  and  Polk. 

St.  Stephen's,  Johnson,  bet.  W.  Taylor  and  Twelfth. 

St.  Thomas'  (colored),  Dearborn,  nr.  13th. 

Trinity,  Michigan  av.  and  26th. 

EPISCOPAL  (REFORMED.) 

Christ,  Michigan  av.  and  24th. 

Emmanuel,  Hanover,  nr.  28th. 

Grace,  Girard  st.,  nr.  Milwaukee  av. 

St.  John's,  37th,  cor.  Langley  av. 

St.  Matthew's,  Fullerton  av.,  cor.  Larrabee. 

St.  Paul's,  Adams  Street  and  Winchester  av. 

Tyng  Mission,  Archer  av.,  cor.  21st. 

EVANGELICAL  ASSOCIATION  OP  NORTH  AMERICA. 
German. 

First,  35th,  cor.  S.  Dearborn. 

Harrison  Street,  W.  Harrison,  cor.  Hoyne  av. 

Salem,  W.  12th,  cor.  Union. 

Second,  Wisconsin,  cor.  Sedgwick. 

Sheffield  Avenue,  Sheffield  av.,  cor.  Marianna. 

St.  John's,  Noble,  cor.  W.  Huron. 

Fullerton  Avenue,  cor.  Larrabee. 

EVANGELICAL    LUTHERAN. 
Danish. 

St.  Stephen's,  Dearborn,  cor.  Thirty-sixth. 
Trinity,  440  and  442  W.  Superior. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  229 

English. 

Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity,  400  LaSalle  avenue. 
Grace,  Chicago  avenue,  cor.  N.  Franklin. 
Memorial  Mission,  Ashland  avenue,  cor.  Augusta. 
Trinity,  Elm  and  LaSalle  av. 
Wicker  Park,  N.  Hoyne  avenue,  nw.  cor.  LeMoyne. 

German. 

Bethlehem,  Paulina,  cor.  McReynolds. 

Emmanuel,  Brown,  cor.  W.  Taylor. 

St.  Jacob's,  Garfield  avenue,  cor.  Fremont. 

St.  John's,  Superior,  cor.  Bickerdike. 

St.  Mark's,  Ashland  avenue,  cor.  Augusta. 

St.  Matthew's,  Hoyne  avenue,  between  Twentieth  and  Twenty-first. 

St.  Paul's,  Superior,  cor.  N.  Franklin. 

St.  Peter's,  S.  Dearborn,  S.  of  Thirty-ninth. 

St.  Stephen's,  nw.  cor.  Wentworth  avenue  and  Twenty-fifth. 

Trinity,  (U.  A.  C.,)  Hanover,  cor.  Kossuth. 

Trinity,  (West  Chicago,)  9,  11  and  13  Snell. 

Zion,  W.  Nineteenth,  near  S.  Halsted. 

Norwegian. 

Bethania,  W.  Indiana,  se.  cor.  Carpenter. 

Bethlehem,  N.  Center  avenue,  cor.  W.  Huron. 

Evangelical,  N.  Franklin,  cor.  Erie. 

Our  Savior's,  May,  cor.  W.  Erie. 

St.  Paul's,  N.  Lincoln,  cor.  Park. 

St.  Peter's,  Hirsch,  cor.  Seymour  avenue. 

Trinity,  W.  Indiana,  sw.  cor.  Peoria. 

Swedish. 

Evangelical  Lutheran  Mission,  280  N.  Franklin. 
Gethsemane,  May,  cor.  W.  Huron. 
Immanuel,  Sedgwick,  cor.  Hobbie. 
Salem,  Bushnell,  near  Archer  avenue. 
Tabernacle  Mission,  cor.  S.  LaSalle  and  Thirtieth. 

EVANGELICAL   LUTHERAN    (INDEPENDENT.) 

Church  of  Peace,  N.  Wood,  cor.  Iowa. 
First,  Augusta,  near  Samuel. 
Salem,  N.  Wood,  cor.  Jane. 


230  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

EVANGELICAL    REFORMED. 

First  German,  181  Hastings. 

SVANGELICAL  UNITED. 

Fifth  German,  St.  John's,  Cortland,  nr.  Seymour  av 
First  German,  St.  Paul's,  Ohio,  sw.  cor.  N.  LaSalle. 
Fourth  German,  St.  Peter's,  Chicago  av.,  cor.  Noble. 
Second  German,  Zion,  Union,  nw.  cor.  W.  Fourteenth. 
Third  German,  Salem,  Wentworth  av.,  cor.  Twenty-fourth 

FRIENDS. 

Central  meeting,  Room  7,   Athenaeum  building,  cor.  Dearborn  and 
Randolph. 
Orthodox  Meeting  House,  Twenty-sixth,  bet.  Indiana  and  Prairie  avs. 

INDEPENDENT. 

Chicago  Avenue,  (Moody's),  nw.  cor.  Chicago  and  N.  LaSalle  avs. 

Central,  Central  Music  Hall,  State,  se.  cor.  Randolph. 

Mosley  Chapel,  2539-2541  Calumet  av. 

People's,  Chicago  Opera  House,  sw.  cor.  Clark  and  Washington. 

West  Side  Tabernacle,  W.  Indiana,  se.  cor.  Morgan. 

JEWISH. 

ushe  Ernes,  262  Division. 
Anshe  Russia,  Judd,  ne.  cor.  Clinton. 
Congregation  Ahave  Emunah,  386  Clark. 
Congregation  Beth.  El,  N.  May,  nr.  W.  Huron. 
Congregation  Beth.  Hamedrash,  134  Pacific  av. 
Congregation  Beth.  Hamedrash  Hachodosch,  129  Harrison. 
Congregation  B'Nai  Abraham,  Johnson,  se.  cor.  Wright. 
Congregation  Ohabey-Sholom,  576  S.  Canal. 
Congregation  of  the  North  Side,  cor.  La  Salle  av.  and  Oak. 
Congregation  Ohev  Sholom  (Orthodox),  626  Milwaukee  av. 
Kehilath  Anshe  Maaref  (Congregation  of  the  Men  of  the  "\Yust),  Indiana 
av.  cor.  Twenty-sixth. 

Kehilath  B'Nai  Sholom  (Sons  of  Peace),  1455  Michigan  av. 
Sinai  Congregation,  Indiana  av.,  cor.  Twenty-first. 
Zion  Congregation,  cor.  S.  Sangamon  and  Jackson. 

METHODIST    EPISCOPAL. 

Ada  Street,  bet.  W.  Lake  and  Fulton. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  281 

Asbury,  Fifth  av.,  nr.  Thirty-first. 

Centenary,  W.  Monroe,  nr.  Morgan. 

Clark  Street,  se.  cor.  Clark  and  Washington. 

Dickson  Street,  Dickson,  nr.  North  av. 

Emmanuel,  Marshfield  av.,  bet.  Van  Buren  and  Congress. 

First,  se.  cor.  Clark  and  Washington,  Methodist  Church  blk. 

Fulton  Street,  cor.  Fulton  and  Artesian  av. 

Grace,  cor.  N.  LaSalle  and  Locust. 

Grant  Place,  cor.  Grant  pi.  and  Larrabee. 

Halsted  Street,  778  to  784  South  Halsted. 

Jackson  Street,  W.  Jackson,  cor.  Francisco. 

Lake  View,  Sheffield  av.  and  George. 

Langley  Avenue,  Langley  av.,  cor.  Thirty-ninth. 

Lincoln  Street,  S.  Lincoln,  cor.  Ambrose,  nr.  Blue  Island  av. 

Mauehfield  Avenue,  Marshfield  av.,  bet.  Van  Buren  and  Congress. 

Michigan  Avenue,  Calumet  av.,  bet.  Thirty-second  and  Thirty-third. 

Northwest,  cor.  Milwaukee  and  Western  avs. 

Park  Avenue,  cor.  Park  av.  and  Robey. 

Paulina  Street,  Paulina,  nr.  Archer  av. 

Simpson,  Bonfield,  nr.  Hickory. 

State  Street,  cor.  Forty-seventh  and  State. 

St.  Paul's,  cor.  Newberry  av.  and  Maxwell. 

Trinity,  Indiana  av.,  nr.  Twenty-fourth. 

Wabash  Avenue,  cor.  Fourteenth  and  Wabash  av. 

Wesley. 

Western  Avenue,  cor.  W.  Monroe  and  Western  av. 

Winter  Street,  Union  Stock  Yards. 

Missions, 

Asbury  Chapel,  Kossuth,  cor.  Stewart  av. 
Deering,  Dunning  and  Ward. 
Erie  Street,  cor.  Erie  and  Robey. 
Milwaukee  Avenue,  1036  Milwaukee  av. 
New  City,  S.  Ashland  av.,  nr.  Forty-seventh. 

African. 

Bethel,  239  Third  av. 

Quinn's  Chapel,  Fourth  av.,  nr.  Van  Burea. 

St.  Stephen's,  682  Hubbard. 

German. 

Center  Street,  Dayton,  cor. 
Central  Mission,  Lake  View. 


282  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Ebenezer,  Ullman,  cor.  Thirty-first. 
First,  51  and  53  Clybourn  av. 
Immanuel,  W.  Nineteenth,  cor.  Laflin. 
Maxwell,  308  Maxwell. 
North  Ashland  Avenue,  485  N.  Ashland  av 
Portland  Avenue,  Portland  av.,  cor.  38th. 

Norwegian. 

First,  cor.  W.  Indiana  and  Sangamon 

Lake  View,  Baxter,  cor.  Noble  av. 

Maplewood  Avenue,  cor.  Thompson  and  Maplewood  av. 

Swedish. 

First,  nw.  cor.  Market  and  Oak. 

Second,  N.  May,  bet.  W.  Ohio  and  W.  Erie. 

Third,  Fifth  av.,  cor.  Thirty-third. 

FREE    METHODIST. 

First,  49  N.  Morgan. 

Milwaukee  Avenue,  Milwaukee  and  Western  avs. 

South  Side,  Fiftieth,  nr.  Wabash  av. 

PRESBYTERIAN. 

Belden  Avenue,  Belden  av.,  cor.  Seminary  av. 

Campbell  Park,  Leavitt,  s.  of  Harrison. 

Church  of  the  Covenant,  N.  Halsted,  nr.  Belden  av. 

Eighth,  Washington  Boul.,  cor.  Robey. 

Fifth,  Indiana  av.  and  Thirtieth. 

First,  cor.  Indiana,  av.  and  Twenty-first. 

First  German,  Howe,  cor.  Center. 

Forty-First  Street,  Prairie  av,,  cor.  Forty-first. 

Fourth,  Rush  and  Superior. 

Fullerton  Avenue,  Fullerton  av.,  nr.  Clark. 

Holland,  Noble,  cor.  W.  Erie. 

Jefferson  Park,  W.  Adams,  cor.  Throop. 

Lake,  Winter,  cor.  Forty-second. 

Noble  (Holland),  Noble,  cor.  W.  Erie. 

Railroad  Chapel,  1419  State. 

Reunion,  S.  Ashland  av.,  cor.  Hastings. 

Second,  Michigan  av.T  cor.  Twentieth. 

Sixth,  Vincennes  av.,  cor.  Oak  av. 

Third,  S.  Ashland  av.,  cor.  Ogden  av. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  233 

Westminster,  cor.  W.  Jackson  and  Peoria. 
Welsh,  W.  Monroe,  cor.  Sangamon. 

Missions. 

Burr,  Wentworth  av.,  cor.  Twenty-third. 
Foster,  Maskell  Hall,  173  S.  Desplaines. 
Hope,  Augusta,  nr.  Western  av. 
Howe  Street,  75  Howe. 
Moseley,  2539  Calumet  av. 
Onward,  W.  Indiana,  cor.  Hoyne  av. 
(Services  are  held  at  all  the  missions  at  3  p.  m.) 

SCOTCH  PRESBYTERIANS. 

First,  cor.  S.  Sangamon  and  Adams. 

UNITED  PRESBYTERIANS. 

First,  cor.  W.  Monroe  and  Paulina. 

ROMAN  CATHOLIC. 

All  Saints,  Twenty-fifth  pi.,  nr.  Wallace. 

Cathedral  of  the  Holy  Name,  cor.  Superior  and  N.  State. 

Church  of  our  Lady  of  Sorrows,  1406  W.  Jackson. 

Church  of  the  Annunciation,  N.  Paulina,  sw.  cor.  Wabansia  av. 

Church  of  the  Assumption  (Italian),  Illinois,  nr.  N.  Market. 

Church  of  the  Holy  Angels,  1104  Oakwood  boulevard,  nr.  Langley  av. 

Church  of  the  Holy  Family,  cor.  May  and  W.  Twelfth. 

Church  of  the  Holy  Trinity  (Polish),  546  Noble. 

Church  of  the  Immaculate  Conception,  N.  Franklin,  nr.  Schiller. 

Church  of  the  Nativity,  cor.  Thirty-seventh  and  Dashiel. 

Church  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  cor.  W.  Nineteenth  and  Johnson. 

Immaculate  Conception,  B.  V.  M.  (German),  Bonfield  st. 

Jesuit,  Twelfth  and  May,  (Blue  Island  av.  cars.) 

St.  Adelbert's  Church  (Polish),  cor.  W.  Seventeenth  and  Paulina. 

St.  Agnes',  Brighton  Park. 

St.  Aloysius'  (German),  Thompson  and  Davis. 

St.  Aiphonsus',  Lincoln  av.,  cor  Southport  av. 

St.  Ann's,  55th,  cor.  Wentworth  av. 

St.  Anthony  of  Padua  (German),  cor.  Hanover  and  Twenty-fourth  pi. 

St.  Augustin's  (German),  49th,  cor.  Laflin. 

St.  Boniface's  (German),  cor.  Cornell  and  Noble. 

St.  Bridget's,  Archer  av.,  cor.  Church  pi. 

St.  Cecilia's,  cor.  Bristol  and  Atlantic. 


234  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

St.  Charles  Borromeo,  Hoyne  av.,  nr.  12th. 

Ct.  Columbkill's,  N.  Paulina,  cor.  W.  Indiana. 

St.  Elizabeth's,  41st  st.,  cor.  State. 

St.  Francis'  of  Assissi  (German),  W.  12th,  cor.  Newberry  av. 

St.  Gabriel's,  Wallace,  cor.  45th. 

St.  George's,  (German,)  3915  Fifth  avenue. 

St.  James',  Wabash  avenue  and  Twenty-ninth. 

St.  Jarlath's,  Hermitage  avenue,  cor.  W.  Jackson. 

St.  John's,  Clark,  cor.  Eighteenth. 

St.  John  Nepomucene's,  (Bohemian,)  cor.  25th  and  Portland  av. 

St.  John  the  Baptist,  (French,)  Thirty-third  court,  near  Beers. 

St.  Joseph's,  (German,)  N.  Market,  cor.  Hill. 

St.  Josaphat's,  (Polish,)  Southport  and  Belden  avenues 

St.  Malachi's,  Walnut,  cor.  Western  avenue. 

St.  Mary's,  Wabash  avenue,  se.  cor.  Eldridge  court. 

St.  Mary's  of  Perpetual  Help,  (Polish,)  Lancaster 

St.  Michdtel's,  (German,)  Eugenie,  cor.  Hurlbut. 

St.  Patrick's,  Desplaines,  cor.  W.  Adams. 

St.  Paul's,  S.  Hoyne  avenue,  cor.  Ambrose. 

St.  Peter's,  (German,)  Clark,  cor.  Polk. 

St.  Philip's,  Park  avenue,  cor.  W.  Forty-third, 

St.  Pius',  Ashland  av.,  cor.  W.  Nineteenth. 

St.  Procopius',  (Bohemian,)  Allport,  cor.  W.  Eighteenth* 

St.  Rose  of  Lima,  Ashland  avenue,  near  Forty-Eighth. 

St.  Stanislaus  Kostka's,  (Polish,)  Noble,  cor.  Ingraham. 

St.  Stephen's,  N.  Sangamon,  cor.  W.  Ohio. 

St.  Sylvester's,  California  and  Shakspeare  avenues. 

St.  Vincent  de  Paul's,  Webster  avenue,  cor.  Osgood. 

St.  Wenceslaus',  (Bohemian,)  173  DeKoven 

SPIRITUALISTS. 

Chicago  Lyceum  of  Truth-Seekers;  Chicago  Association  of  Spiritualists 
and  Mediums'  Society;  Chicago  Spirits'  Conference  Society,  —  all  three 
meet  at  Liberty  Hall,  213  W.  Madison. 

First  Society,  55  S.  Ada.      (Martine's  Hall.) 

South  Side,  Indiana  av.,  cor.  22d.    (Martine's  Hall.) 

Spiritualists'  and  Mediums'  Meetings,  2730  State. 

United,  2730  State. 

SWEDENBORGIAN. 

German  Society  of  the  New  Jerusalem,  Temple,  N.  Ashland  avenue, 
near  W.  Chicago  avenue. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  235 

Immanuel,  520  Fulton. 

Lincoln  Park  Chapel,  N.  Clark,  near  Menominee. 

New  Church  Temple,  Van  Buren,  east  of  Wabash  avenue. 

Union  Park  Temple,  cor.  W.  Washington  and  Ogden  avenue. 

UNITARIAN. 

All  Souls',  Oakwood  Boulevard  and  Ellis  av. 

Church  of  the  Messiah,  Michigan  avenue  and  Twenty-third. 

First,  cor.  Michigan  av.  and  23d. 

Third,  cor.  W.  Monroe  and  Laflin. 

Unity,  Dearborn  avenue,  se.  cor.  Walton  place. 

T7NIVERSALI8T. 

Church  of  the  Redeemer,  Warren  av.  and  Robey. 
St.  Paul's,  1625  Michigan  av.,  near  Eighteenth. 

MISCELLANEOUS. 

Bethlehem  Chapel,  683  Center  avenue. 

Disciples  of  Jesus  the  Christ,  221  W.  Madison. 

Dunkards.  708  W.  Lake. 

Gospel  Hall,  3231  State. 

Gospel  Rooms,  cor.  N.  May  and  Fulton. 

Mariners',  N.  Market,  cor.  Michigan. 

Society  of  Ethical  Culture,  Haverly's  Minstrel  Theater. 

Union  Chapel,  97  S.  Desplaines. 

Western  Avenue  Mission,  Western  avenue,  cor.  W.  Ohio. 

Woman's  Gospel  Temperance  Association,  cor.  Noble  and  Ohio. 

W.  C.  T.  U.,  Bethesda  Mission,  —  S.  Clark. 


CITY  CORPORATION. 

(See  "  COURTS"  and  "  OFFICIARY.") 
CITY  FIRE  DEPARTMENT. 
Office,  basement,  City  Hall. 

Engine  Companies. 

Number  of  steamers  with  hose  carts  attached,  34;  chemical  engines, 
6;  hook  and  ladder  trucks,  10;  men,  480;  horses,  188. 

Fire  Insurance  Patrol. 
Office,  176  Monroe;  three  companies,  29  men. 


236  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

CITY   TELEGRAPH    OF  FIRE    AJ.AUJI   AND    POLICE. 

Office,  basement,  City  Hall. 

Signals. 

First  alarm:  The  number  of  the  bcx  from  which  the  alarm  is  given 
struck  three  (3)  times  on  all  the  gongs  and  bells. 

Second  alarm:  Two-eleven  (2-11),  followed  by  the  number  of  the  box 
struck  once. 

Third  alarm:  Three-ejeven  (3-11),  followed  by  the  number  of  the  box 
truck  once. 

Second  and  third  alarm  combined:  Four-eleven  (4-11),  followed  by  the 
aimber  of  the  box  struck  twice. 

General  alarm:  Six-eleven  (6-11),  struck  three  (3)  times,  followed  by 
the  number  of  the  box  struck  once.  To  this  call  the  entire  department 
will  respond. 

Call  for  Hook  and  Ladder  Co.:  Eleven  (11)  blows  followed  by  the 
number  of  the  Truck  Co.  wanted,  and  one  round  of  box  where  the  Truck 
Co.  is  wanted;  as,  (11-2-125)  H.  &  L.  2  will  run  to  box  125. 

Fire  out:  One  (1)  blow  on  all  the  gongs  and  bells.  If  a  second  fire  is 
signaled  and  put  out  before  notice  of  the  extinguishment  of  the  firft  firo 
is  given,  notice  of  this  fact  will  be  announced  by  one  (1)  stroke  as  a'jove, 
repeated  in  seven  seconds;  and  the  same  manner,  three  strokes  fcr  a 
third  fire;  four,  for  a  fourth,  etc. 

Stations. 

The  Fire-alarm  Stations  are  numbered  on  the  South  Side,  from  12  t.> 
259,  or  from  the  foot  of  South  Water  to  the  Union  Stock  Yards. 

On  the  West  Side,  from  261  to  741,  or  from  Canal  and  Harrison  to 
Hamlin  and  Madison. 

On  the  North  Side,  from  752  to  986,  or  from  Lighthouse  and  North 
Pier  to  Fullerton  and  Clybourn  avs. 

CITY   BOUNDARIES. 

Northern:  Fullerton  av.  from  the  Lake  to  the  River,  the  River  from 
Fullerton  av.  to  Western  av.,  and  W.  North  av.  from  Western  av.  to 
Crawford  av. 

Southern:  Oakwood  av.  from  the  Lake  to  Lake  av.,  Egan  av.  from 
Lake  av.  to  Western  av.,  and  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  canal  from 
Western  av.  to  Crawford  av. 

Western:  Crawford  av.  from  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  canal  to  W. 
North  av.  and  Western  av.  from  W.  North  av.  to  the  River. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  28? 

CITY  BRIDGES. 

From  South  Division  to  North  Division: 
Rush,  State,  Clark,  Wells,  4. 

From  South  Division  to  West  Division: 

Lake,  Randolph,  Madison,  Adams,  Van  Buren,  Harrison,  Polk,  Twelfth, 
Eighteenth,  Twenty-second,  S.  Halsted,  Main  or  Throop,  Ashland  Av., 
Western  Av.,  Kedzie  Av.,  15. 

From  North  Division  to  West  Division: 

Kinzie,  Indiana,  Erie,  Chicago  Av.,  N.  Halsted,  2,  Division,  2,  North 
Av.,  Clybourn  PL,  Fullerton  Av.,  11. 

From  South  Division  to  Bridgeport: 
Archer  Av.f  1. 

Other  Bridges: 
Fuller,  in  Bridgeport,  1. 

CITY  TUNNELS. 

La  Salle,  S.  D.  to  N.  D.    Washington,  S.  D.  to  W.  D. 

CITY  WATERWORKS. 

North  Side,  Chicago  Av.  and  Pine.  (State  St.  cars.) 

West  Side,  Ashland  and  Blue  Island  Avs.  (Blue  Island  Av.  cars.) 


CITY  RAILWAY  LINES. 

(Fare,  five  cents.    Commutation  rates  on  C.  P.   &  W.  D.  lines.) 
Chicago  City  Railway  Co.,  2020  State. 

Chicago  Passenger  Railway  Co.,  Cor.  Harrison  and  Western  Av. 
North  Chicago  City  Railway  Co.,  N.  Clark,  Cor.  Division. 
Weet  Division  Railway  Co.,  State,  N.  E.  Cor.  Randolph. 


COLLEGES. 
(See  "Educational.") 


CONSULS. 

Arwtro-Hungary,  2  Clark,  Henry  Clausenius. 


238  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Belgium.  106  Washington,  Charles  Henrotin. 

Denmark,  259  Milwaukee  Av.,  Emil  Dreier. 

France,  R.  25,  78  Monroe,  F.  E.  Brumwaert;  Chancellor,  L.  Schoen- 
feld. 

German  Empire,  R.  524,  Chicago  Opera  House  bldg.,  Vice-consul,  Dr. 
F.  Meier. 

Great  Britain,  78  Michigan  Av.,  Vice-consul,  John  Dunn. 

Italy,  669  S.  Halsted,  A.  Scuitti. 

Mexico,  R.  30,  126  Washington,  Joaquin  A.  Vargas. 

Netherlands,  44  Kinzie,  L.  J.  J.  Nieuwenkamp. 

Sweden  and  Norway,  226  Milwaukee  Av.,  Vice-consul,  Peter  Svanoe. 

Switzerland,  157  State,  Louis  Boerlin. 

Turkey,  92  Washington,  Charles  Henrotin. 

Venezuela,  R.  31,  94  Washington,  David  V.  Whiting. 


CONVENTS. 

Benedictine  Sisters,  N.  Market,  cor.  Hill. 

Franciscan  Sisters,  N.  Franklin,  cor.  Hill. 

French  Sisters  of  Notre  Dame,  S.  Halsted,  nw.  cor.  Congress. 

German  Sisters,  Lincoln  av.,  cor.  Southport  av. 

Good  Shepherd,  N.  Market,  cor.  Hill. 

Ladies  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  W.  Taylor,  cor.  Throop. 

Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor,  W.  Harrison,  cor.  Throop. 

Polish  Sisters,  Noble,  cor.  Ingraham. 

Poor  Handmaids  of  Jesus  Christ,  212  Hudson  av.  and  52  Newberry 
av. 

Religious  of  the  Holy  Heart  of  Mary,  S.  May,  cor.  Eleventh. 

Servite  Sisters  of  Mary,  1266  W.  Van  Buren. 

Sisters  of  Charity  of  the  Blessed  Virgin,  210  Maxwell  and  141  W. 
Adams. 

Sisters  of  Mercy,  Wabash  av.,  cor.  Twenty-ninth,  and  cor.  Oakley  and 
Park  avs. 

Sisters  of  the  Third  Order  of  St.  Dominic,  511  N.  Franklin. 

St.  Benedict  and  St.  Scholastica,  N.  Market  and  Hill. 


COURTS. 

City  Law  Department,  City  Hall. 

County  Law  Department,  County  building. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  239 

United  States. 

Commissioner  in  Admiralty,  Lawrence  Proudfoot,  E.  734, 110  Clark. 
Circuit,  R.  31,  Custom  House  bldg. 
Claims,  Custom  House  bldg. 

State  of  Illinois. 

Appellate,  of  First  District,  110  Clark,  4th  floor. 
County  of  Cook. 

Superior,  County  bldg. 
Circuit,  County  bldg. 

Criminal,  R.   6    to   8,   Criminal  Court  bldg.,   Michigan,   nw.   cor. 
Dearborn  av.    Entrance,  Michigan.    (North  Clark  St.  cars.) 
County,  R.  24,  County  bldg. 
Probate,  County  bldg.,  first  floor. 

City  Police  Courts  and  Stations. 

N.  D.,  242  Chicago  av. 

S.  D.,  Cor.  Harrison  and  Pacific  av. 

W.  D.,  Second  Precinct,  cor.  W.  12th  and  Johnson. 

W.  D.,  Third  Precinct,  15  S.  Desplaines,  nr.  Randolph. 


DISPENSARIES. 

Alerian  Brothers'  Hospital,  539  to  559  N.  Market. 

Bennett,  511  and  513  State. 

Bethesda  Free  Medical  Mission,  368  Clark. 

Central  Free  Dispensary  of  W.  Chicago,  Wood,  cor.  W.  Harrison. 

Central  Homoeopathic,  S.  Wood,  cor.  York. 

Chicago  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  6  Washington. 

Chicago  Medical  College,  sw.  cor.  Prairie  av.  and  26th. 

Dispensary  of  the  Chicago  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children,  Paulina, 
cor.  W.  Adams. 

Free  Medical  Mission,  234  Chicago  av. 

Hahnemann  College,  2813  Cottage  Grove  av. 

Illinois  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  121  S.  Peoria,  nw.  cor.  Adams. 

South  Side,  sw.  cor.  Prairie  av.  and  26th.  (Chicago  Medical  Col- 
lege.) 

St.  Luke's,  1426  to  1430  Indiana  av.  West  Side,  W.  Harrison,  cor. 
Honor*. 


240  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO 

Woman's  Christian  Association,  1516  Wabash  av. 
Woman's  Hospital  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  8411  Cottage  Grove  av. 
Women's  Christian  Association,  (for  women  and  children,)  39  Howland 
Block. 
Women's  Hospital  of  Chicago,  cor.  Douglas  and  South  Park  avs. 


EDUCATIONAL 
(See  also  "  Business  Directory.") 

COLLEGES. 

Commercial. 
(See  "  Business  Directory.'") 

Literary. 
St.  Ignatius'  College,  413  W.  12th. 

Professional. 

Dental. 
Chicago  College  of  Dental  Surgery,  ne.  cor.  Madison  and  Wabash  av. 

Legal. 

Union  College  of  Law,  82  and  84  Dearborn. 
Medical. 

Bennett,  511  and  513  State. 

Chicago  Homoeopathic,  S.  Wood,  cor.  York. 

Chicago,  sw.  cor.  Prairie  av.  and  26th. 

College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons,  813  W.  Harrison. 

Hahnemann,  281G  Cottage  Grove  av. 

Rush,  cor.  W.  Harrison  and  Wood. 

Woman's,  337  and  339  S.  Lincoln. 

Musical. 

Chicago  Academy  of  Musical  Science,  R.  24,  126  Dearborn. 
Chicago  Musical  College,  Central  Music  Hall. 
Chicago  Musical  Seminary,  92  Loomis. 

Hershey  School  of  Musical  Art,  Clarence  Eddy,  general  director,  R.  14, 
34  Monroe. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  241 

Pharmaceutical. 

College  of  Pharmacy,  465  State. 

National  Institute  of  Pharmacy,  69  Dearborn. 

Veterinary. 
Chicago  Veterinary  College,  2539  State 

ACADEMIES  AND  SEMOTABIES. 

(See  also  "  Business  Directory.") 

Baptist  Missionary  Training  School,  2383  Michigan  ar. 
Chicago  Manual  Training  School,  Michigan  av.,  nw.  cor.  12th. 
Chicago  Theological  Seminary,  cor.  Ashland  and  Warren  avs. 
Evangelical  Lutheran  School,  268  Girard. 
Illinois  Training  School  for  Nurses,  County  Hospital. 
Industrial  School,  510  Sedgwick. 

McCormick  Presbyterian  Theological  Seminary  of  the  Northwest,  1060 
N.  Halsted. 

Seminary  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  485  W.  Taylor. 
Servite  Sisters'  Industrial  Home  for  Girls,  1396  W.  Van  Buren. 
St.  Francis  Xavier's  Academy,  cor.  Wabash  av.  and  29th. 
St.  Patrick's  Academy,  sw.  cor.  Park  and  S.  Oakley  avs. 
St.  Patrick's  R.  C.  Commercial  Academy,  135  S.  Desplaines. 
St.  Pius'  Academy,  740  Vanhorn. 
Unity  Industrial  School,  80  Elm. 

Kindergartens. 

Chicago  Frcebel  Association,  1237  State. 

Herford  Free,  Church  of  the  Messiah,  Michigan  av.,  nr.  14th. 

Kindergarten  and  Mission,  3022  Portland  av. 

Miss  Belle  Reed,  2809  State. 

Mosely  Chapel,  2539  Calumet  av. 

Talcott  and  Day  Nursery,  169  W.  Adams. 

PUBLIC  SCHOOLS,  78. 

City  Board  of  Education,  City  Hall. 
County  Board  of  Education,  County  bldg. 

Cook  County  Normal  School,  Stewart  av. ,  nr.  67th.   (On ' '  Rock  Island  " 
E.  R.) 

High  Schools,  3. 

N.  Division,  no.  cor.  Wendell  and  Wells. 
16 


242  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

S.  Division,  sw.  cor.  26th  and  Wabash  av. 
W.  Division,  se.  cor.  Morgan  and  Monroe. 

Grammar  Schools,  47. 

Andersen,  Lincoln,  nr.  Division. 

Armour  street,  se.  cor.  Armour  and  Bickerdike  sq. 

Brighton,  Douglas  av.,  bet.  Lincoln  and  Robey. 

Brown,  Warren  av. ,  bet.  Page  and  Wood. 

Burr,  sw.  cor.  Ashland  and  Waubansia  avs. 

Carpenter,  sw.  cor.  Center  av.  and  Huron. 

Central  Park,  se.  cor.  Walnut  and  Kedzie  av. 

Clarke,  Ashland  av.,  bet.  13th  and  Hastings. 

Cottage  Grove,  Douglas  av.,  bet.  Cottage  Grove  and  Stanton  avs. 

Dore,  W.  Harrison,  bet.  Halsted  and  Desplaines. 

Douglas,  se.  cor.  32d  and  Forest  av. 

Emerson,  nw.  cor.  Walnut  and  Paulina. 

Franklin,  ne.  cor.  Division  and  Sedgwick. 

Froebel.  W.  21st.  nr.  Robey. 

Garfield,  ne.  cor.  Johnson  and  Wright. 

Grant,  Wilcox  av.,  bet.  Western  and  Campbell  avs. 

Hancock,  Fair  field  av.  and  12th. 

Haven,  Wabash  av.,  bet.  14th  and  16th. 

Hayes,  Leavitt,  bet.  Walnut  and  Fulton. 

Headley,  ne.  cor.  Lewis  and  Garfield  av. 

Holden,  ne.  cor.  Deering  and  31st. 

Thomas  Hoyne,  se.  cor.  Illinois  and  Cass. 

Jefferson,  nw.  cor.  Nebraska  and  Laflin. 

Jones,  se.  cor.  Harrison  and  3d  av. 

Keith,  sw.  cor.  Dearborn  and  34th. 

King,  W.  Harrison,  bet.  Western  and  Campbell  avs. 

La  Salle,  nw.  cor.  Hammond  and  Eugenie. 

Lawndale,  sw.  cor.  Central  Park  av.  and  25th. 

Lincoln,  Laxrabee,  bet.  Belden  and  Fullerton  avs. 

Marquette,  sw.  cor.  Wood  and  Congress. 

McClellan,  se.  cor.  Wallace  and  Douglas  av. 

Moseley,  nw.  cor.  Michigan  av.  and  24th. 

Newberry,  nw.  cor.  Willow  and  Orchard. 

Oakley,  se.  cor.  Oakley  av.  and  Ohio. 

Ogden,  Chestnut,  bet.  Dearborn  av.  and  State. 

Pickard,  sw.  cor.  Hinman  and  Oakley  av. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  243 

Raymond,  se.  cor.  Wabash  av.  and  Eda. 

Scammon,  Monroe,  bet.  Halsted  and  Desplaines. 

Sheridan,  se.  cor.  27th  and  Wallace. 

Skinner,  ne.  cor.  Jackson  and  Aberdeen. 

Throop,  Throop.  bet.  18th  and  19th. 

Von  Humboldt,  nw.  cor.  Rockwell  av.  and  Hirsch. 

Walsh,  se.  cor.  W.  20th  and  Johnson. 

Washington,  Morgan,  bet.  Erie  and  Ohio. 

Webster,  se.  cor.  Wentworth  av.  and  33d. 

Wells,  nw.  cor.  Ashland  av.  and  Cornelia. 

West  Jackson  Street,  W.  Jackson,  bet.  California  av.  and  Francisco. 

Primary  Schools,  28. 

Arnold,  ne.  cor.  Burling  and  Center. 

Brainard,  13th  pi.,  bet.  Leavitt  and  Hoyne  av. 

Brenan,  Lime,  bet.  Archer  av.  and  27th. 

Calumet  Avenue,  Calumet  av.,  bet.  26th  and  28th. 

Cooper,  W.  19th,  bet.  Ashland  av.  and  19th. 

Elizabeth  Street,  nw.  cor.  Lake  and  Elizabeth. 

Foster,  Union,  bet.  O'Brien  and  Dussold. 

Healy,  Wallace,  nr.  Thirty-first. 

Huron  Street,  sw.  cor.  Huron  and  Franklin. 

Irving,  Lexington,  bet.  Hoyne  av.  and  Leavitt. 

Kinzie,  nw.  cor.  Ohio  and  La  Salle  av. 

Kosciusko,  sw.  cor.  Division  and  Cleaver. 

Langland,  Cortlandt,  bet.  Leavitt  and  Oakley  av. 

Lincoln  Street,  ne.  cor.  Ohio  and  Lincoln. 

Longfellow,  Throop,  bet.  19th  and  21st. 

Manierre,  Hudson  av.,  bet.  Blackhawk  and  Conners. 

Montefiore,  se.  cor.  Sangamon  and  W.  Indiana. 

Motley,  Snell,  s.  of  Chicago  av. 

Oak  Street,  ne.  cor.  Oak  and  Milton  av. 

Pearson  Street,  se.  cor.  Pearson  and  Market. 

Polk  Street,  Polk,  bet.  Hoisted  and  Desplainea. 

Sheldon,  sw.  cor.  State  and  Elm. 

Vedder  Street,  Vedder,  bet.  Halsted  and  Vine. 

Ward,  se.  cor.  Shields  av.  and  27th. 

Wentworth  Avenue,  nw.  cor.  Wentworth  av.  an  1  30th. 

Wea  Fourteenth  Street,  W.  14th,  bet.  Union  and  Desplaines. 

West  Thirteenth  Street,  W.  13th,  bet.  Center  av.  and  Throop. 

Wicker  Park,  Evergreen  av.,  bet.  Robey  and  Hoyne  av. 


244  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

ELEVATORS. 

Capacity,  bu. 

Air  Line,  7  N.  Market 750,000 

Central,  A,  foot  of  S.  Water 1,000,000 

Central,  B,  foot  of  S.  Water 1,500,000 

Chicago  Barley,  N.  Ashland  av.,  cor.  Bloomingdale  road 

CM  B.  &  Q.,  A,  W.  16th,  nr.  Lumber 1,250,000 

B,  "  850,000 

"        C,  "  1,750,000 

"        D,  "  2,000,000 

E,  "  1,000,000 

Chicago  and  St.  Louis,  Lime,  nr.  River 

City,  42  Lumber .' 1,000,000 

Danville,  S.  Ashland  av.,  nr.  Levee 450,000 

Fulton,  N.  Canal,  cor.  Carroll  av 300,000 

Galena,  nr.  Eush  st.  bridge 750,000 

Hess  Elevator  Co.,  383  Carroll  av 

Illinois  River,  foot  of  W.  Washington 200,000 

Illinois  River  Elevator  Co.,  S.  branch  Chicago  river,  bet.  Madi- 
son and  Washington 

Indiana,  19th,  cor.  Grove 1,500,000 

Iowa,  Lumber,  cor.  W.  14th . 1,500,000 

Kune,  Julian  &  Co.,  Stewart  av.,  cor.  W.  18th 

National,  2416  Archer  av 1,000,000 

Neely's,  2212  Grove,  cor.  23d 600,000 

Northwestern,  W.  Water,  foot  of  W.  Indiana 600,000 

Pacific,  N.  Branch  Chicago  river,  cor.  Haines 1,000,000 

Pacific,  B 1 ,000,000 

Rock  Island,  A,  Clark,  cor.  14th 1,500,000 

Rock  Island,  B,  Clark,  cor.  14th 1,250,000 

Stevens,  R.  G.,  89  Maxwell , 

St.  Louis,  W.  of  Halsted  st.  bridge 1,000,000 

St.  Paul,  N.  Canal,  cor.  Carroll  av 1,000,000 

Union.  235  Lumber 700,000 

Wabash,  cor.  Thirty-third  and  Ullman 1,750,000 

Washington,  foot  of  W.  Washington 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  245 

EXPRESS  COMPANIES. 

Baggage  and  City. 
(See  "Business  Directory.") 

KAILROAD  EXPRESSES. 

Adams. 

Main  office,  187  and  189  Dearborn,  Adams  Ex.  bldg.  Branch  office 
and  depot,  2  W.  Madison. 

On  Pittsburg,  Ft.  Wayne  and  Chicago,  Chicago,  St.  Louis  and  Pitts- 
burg,  Pittsburg,  Cincinnati  &  St.  Louis,  and  thro1  service  on  Chicago 
and  Eastern  Illinois  Railways. 

American. 

Main  office,  72  to  78  Monroe.  Branch  offices,  23  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, 214  LaSalle,  Central  Depot,  foot  of  Randolph,  III.  Cent.  Depot, 
foot  of  Twenty-second,  123  Twenty-second.  Thirty-first  St.  and  Indiana 
av.,  Thirty-seventh  St.,  Cottage  Grove  av.,  Van  Buren  and  Market, 
Grand  Trunk  Depot,  cor  Sherman  and  Polk,  Northwestern  Depot,  Kin- 
zie,  cor.  Franklin,  208  N.  Clark,  476  and  1228  Milwaukee  av.,  Canal  and 
Bunker,  176,  735  and  1002  W.  Madison. 

On  Chicago,  Burlington  and  Quincy,  Chicago  and  Eastern  Illinois, 
Chicago  and  Grand  Trunk,  Chicago,  Milwaukee  and  St.  Paul,  except 
Council  Bluffs  and  Prairie  du  Chien  divisions,  Chicago  and  Northwestern, 
except  Milwaukee  division,  Illinois  Central,  Louisville,  New  Albany  and 
Chicago,  Michigan  Central,  New  York,  Chicago  and  St.  Louis  ("  Nickel 
Plate  ")  Railways. 

Baltimore  and  Ohio. 

Offices,  65  Washington,  83  Clark,  Wabash  av.  and  S.  Water,  B.  &  0. 
Depot,  foot  of  Monroe. 
On  Baltimore  and  Ohio  R.  R. 

Erie  and  New  England. 
Office,  87  and  89  Washington. 

Pacific. 

Office,  87  Washington. 

On  Wabash,  St.  Louis  &  Pacific  Ry. 

United  States. 
Office,  87  Washington. 
On  Chicago  and  Alton,  Chicago  &  Atlantic,  Chicago,  Rock  Island  <fe 


246  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Pacific,  Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern,  Council  Bluffs  Division  of 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  Milwaukee  Division  of  Chicago  & 
Northwestern,  and  thro1  business  on  Chicago,  St.  Louis  and  Pittsburg 
Railways. 

Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. 
Office,  72  to  78  Monroe. 


GOVERNMENT  OFFICERS  AND  OFFICES. 
(See  "Courts,"  "Military,"  and  "Officiary.1") 


HOSPITALS. 

Alexian  Brothers',  Raman  Catholic,  539  to  559  N.  Market. 

Augustana,  Lutheran,  151  Lincoln  av. 

Bennett,  Eclectic,  511  and  513  State. 

Chicago  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmiry,  Homoeopathic,  2813  Groveland  av. 

Chicago  Floating  Hospital  Association,  on  N.  Pier,  Lincoln  Park. 

Chicago  Hospital  for  Women  and  Children,  Allopathic,  W.  Adams, 
cor.  Paulina. 

Cook  County,  W.  Harrison,  cor.  Wood. 

German,  242  Lincoln  av. 

Hahnemann,  rear  of  ^2813  Cottage  Grove  av. 

Illinois  Eye  and  Ear  Infirmary,  W.  Adams,  nw.  cor.  Peoria. 

Marine,  Allopathic,  five  miles  N.  of  Court  House,  on  Lake  Michigan. 
Office,  Custom  House  bldg. 

Maurice  Porter  Memorial  Free  Hospital  for  Children,  606  Fullerton 
av..  cor.  Orchard. 

Mercy,  Sisters  of  Mercy,  Allopathic,  Calumet  av.,  cor.  26th. 

Michael  Reese,  Jewish,  cor.  Groveland  Park  av.  and  29th,  nr.  Cottage 
Grove  av. 

National  Temperance,  3411  Cottage  Grove  av. 

Presbyterian,  Wood,  nr.  Harrison. 

St.  Joseph's,  Roman  Catholic,  Garfield  av.,  cor.  Burling. 

St.  Luke's  Free,  Episcopalian,  1426  to  1430  Indiana  av. 

United  States,  Marine,  on  shore  of  L.  Michigan,  5  ra.  n.  of  C.  H.  Offici?, 
Custom  House  bldg. 

Woman's  Hospital  of  Chicago,  cor.  S.  Park  and  Douglas  avs. 

Woman's  Hospital  of  the  State  of  Illinois,  3411  Cottaga  Grove  av. 

NOTE. — Most  of  the  Dispensaries  and  Medical  Colleges  (which  see)  are 
connected  with  hospitals. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  247 

HOTELS. 


Atlantic  Hotel,  Van  Buren,  cor.  La  Saile. 

Barnes  House,  38  W.  Randolph. 

Bennett  House,  71  Monroe. 

Bishop  Court  Hotel,  511  W.  Madison,  cor.  Bishop  ct. 

Brackett  House,  5th  av.  and  Adams. 

Brevoort  House,  143  Madison. 

Briggs  House,  Randolph,  cor.  5th  av. 

Brown's  Hotel,  66  Van  Buren. 

Choate's  Hotel,  276  State. 

City  Hotel,  State,  cor.  Sixteenth. 

Clarence  House,  State,  cor.  Har  non. 

Clarendon  House,  152  N.  Clarx. 

Clifton  House,  "Wabash  av.,  cor.  Monroe. 

Commercial  Hotel,  cor.  Lake  and  Dearborn. 

Farwell  House,  cor.  W.  Jackson  and  Halsted. 

Gault  House,  W.  Madison,  cor.  Clinton. 

Grand  Pacific  Hotel,  Clark,  cor.  Jackson. 

Henrici's  En:opea:i  Hotel,  70  Randolph. 

Hotel  Brunswick,  Wabash  av.,  cor.  Congress. 

Hotel  Howeden,  Market  and  Kinzie. 

Hotel  Richelieu,  Michigan  av.  near  Jackson. 

Hotel  Royale,  1714  Indiana  av. 

Kuhn's  European  Hotel,  163  Clark.      , 

Leland  Hotel,  Michigan  av.,  cor.  Jackson. 

Massasoit  House,  Central  av.,  cor.  S.  Water. 

Matteson  House,  Wabash  av.,  cor.  Jackson. 

McCoy's  European  Hotel,  Clark,  nw.  cor.  Van  Buren. 

Merchant's  Hotel,  1£8  Lake. 

Ogden  House,  Franklin,  cor.  Washington. 

Old  Metropolitan  Hotel,  191  Randolph. 

Palmer  House,  State,  cor.  Monroe. 

Revere  House,  N.  Clark,  cor.  Michigan.' 

Sherman  House,  Clark,  cor.  Randolph. 

Siuthern  Hotel,  Wabash  av.,  cor.  22d. 

St.  Carolina '*  Court  Hotel,  15  and  17  Clark. 

St.  James'  Hotel,  116  Fifth  av. 

Transit  House,  Union  Stock  Yards. 

Tremont  House,  De;  rbn-n,  cor.  Lake. 

Windsor  European  Hotel,  145  to  153  Dearborn. 

Woodruff  Hotel,  Wabash  av.,  cor.  21st. 


',248  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

JUDICIARY. 

(See  "  Courts.") 


LIBRARIES  AND  READING-ROOMS. 

Central  New  Church,  New  Church  Temple,  Van  Buren,  nr.  Wabash 
av. 

Chicago  Athenaeum,  50  and  52  Dearborn. 

Chicago  Branch  of  the  International  Tract  and  Missionary  Society,  3652 
Vincennes  av. 

Chicago  Historical  Society,  142  Dearborn. 

Chicago  Law  Institute,  room  67,  County  bldg. 

Chicago  Medical  Society,  at  Public  Library. 

Chicago  Public  Library,  City  Hall  (9  A.  M.  to  10  P.  M.) 

Cobb's,  29  Washington. 

Hammond,  cor.  Ashland  and  Warren  avs. 

Lincoln  St.  M.  E.  Church  (free),  S.  Lincoln,  cor.  Ambrose. 

Newberry,  Erie  and  Ontario  (proposed). 

Railroad  Chapel,  1419  State. 

South  Side,  free,  Portland  av.  cor.  Twenty-fifth. 

Union  Catholic  Library  Association,  Honore  bldg..  204  Dearborn. 

Western  Avenue  Baptist  Church,  Western  and  Warren  avs. 

West  Side,  239  W.  Madison. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.,  150  Madison. 


MILITARY. 

U.  S.  Headquarters  Military  Division  of  the  Missouri,  4th  floor,  Pull- 
man bldg.,  Michigan  av.,  sw.  cor.  Adams. 

Illinois  National  Guard,  headquarters,  First  Cavalry  building. 

First  Regiment,  armory,  22  to  26  Jackson. 

Second  Regiment,  armory,  179  and  181  Randolph. 

Battery  D,  First  Artillery,  armory,  Michigan  av.,  n.  of  Exposition 
bldg. 

First  Cavalry,  armory,  Michigan  av.,  n.  of  Exposition  bldg. 

Chicago  Zouaves,  192  and  194  Washington. 

Clan-Na-Gael  Guards,  armory,  192  Washington. 

Hibernian  Rifles,  headquarters,  192  Washington. 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  249 

OFFICIARY. 

City. 

Attorney,  City  Hall. 
Board  of  Education,  City  Hall. 
Board  of  Health,  City  Hall. 
Chief  of  Police,  City  Hall. 
Mayor,  City  Hall. 

County. 

Agent,  34  and  36  Washington. 
Attorney,  County  bldg. 
Board  of  Education,  County  bldg. 
Clerk,  County  bldg. 
Commissioners,  County  bldg. 
Recorder,  County  bldg. 
Sheriff,  County  bldg. 
Treasurer,  County  bldg. 

United  States. 

Appraiser,  210  Market. 
District  Attorney,  59  Custom  House. 
Collector,  14  Custom  House. 
Commissioner,  35  Custom  House 
Engineer,  Rowland  block. 

Inspector  of  Steam  Vessels,  2  River,  93  Custom  House. 
Internal  Revenue,  28  Custom  House. 
Lighthouse  Department,  14  Custom  House. 
Marine  Hospital,  20  Custom  House. 
Marshal,  58  and  59  Custom  House. 
Military  Headquarters,  Pullman  bldg. 
Pension  Agency,  1  "Custom  House. 
Postmaster,  K,  Custom  House. 
Railway  Mail  Service,  82  and  83  Custom  House. 
Secret  Service,  89  Custom  House. 
Signal  Service,  78  Major  block. 
Treasury,  15  Custom  House. 
Treasury,  Special  Agent,  77  Custom  House. 


250  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

PANORAMAS. 

Battle  of  Gettysburg,  Wabash  av.,  sw.  corner  Hubbard  ct.  (Take 
Wabash  av.  or  State  st.  cars.) 

Jerusalem  on  the  Day  of  the  Crucifixion,  Wabash  av.,  se.  cor.  Hubbard 
ct.  (Take  Wabash  av.  or  State  st.  cars.) 

Battle  of  Shiloh,  Michigan  av.,  nr.  Monroe. 


PARKS. 
(How  to  reach  them.) 

Campbell,  W.  D.,  from  357  S.  Leavitt  to  S.  Oakley  av.  (Ogden  av. 
cars.) 

Congress,  W.  D.,  from  1112  W.  Van  Buren  to  W.  Harrison.  (Van 
Buren  st.  cars.) 

Central,  W.  D.,  W.  Washington  and  Central  Park  av.  (Madison  st. 
cars.) 

Dearborn,  Michigan  av.,  south  of  Randolph.     (Randolph  st.  cars.) 

Dexter,  S.  D.,  Halsted  st.,  nr.  47th.     (Halsted  st.  cars.) 

Douglas,  W.  D.,  Ogden  av.  and  16th.    (Ogden  av.  cars.) 

Ellis,  S.  D.,  near  Cottage  Grove  av.  and  37th.  (Cottage  Grove  av. 
cars.) 

Gage,  S.  D.,  junction  of  Western  av.  and  Garfield  Boulevards.  (Car- 
riage.) 

Garfield,  W.  D.,  bet.  Colorado  av.  and  W.  Kinzie.     (Lake  st.  cars.) 

Groveland,  S.  D.,  cor.  33d  and  Cottage  Grove  av.  (Cottage  Grove  av. 
cars.) 

Humboldt,  W.  D.,  W.  Division  and  California  av.  (Milwaukee  av. 
cars.) 

Jackson,  S.  D.,  bet.  56th  and  67th,  Stony  Island  av.  and  Lake  Mich- 
igan. (Illinois  Central  cars  to  stations  of  South  Park,  Woodlawn,  or  Oak. 
woods.) 

Jefferson,  W.  D.,  Monroe  to  Adams,  Loomis  to  Throop.  (Madison  at. 
cars.) 

Lake,  S.  D.,  from  Jackson  to  Lake  Park  pi.,  bet.  Michigan  av.  ami 
Lake  Michigan.  (Wabash  av.  cars.) 

Lincoln,  N.  D.,  from  North  av.  to  Diversey  av..  on  shore  of  Lake  Mich- 
igan. ("  Lincoln  Park  "  cars  on  State,  Clark,  or  Wells  st.) 

Union,  W.  D.,  Ashland  av.  to  Ogden  av.,  Lake  to  Madison.  (Lake, 
Randolph,  or  Madison  st.  cars.) 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  251 

South,  S.  D.,  same  as  Washington,  (which  see.)    (Illinois  Central  or 
Cottage  Grove  av.  cars.) 

Vernon,  W.  D.,  Gilpin  to  McAllister  PL,  bet.  Center  av.  and  Loomis. 
(Blue  Island  av.  or  12th  st.  cars.) 

Washington,  S.  D.,  from  51st  to  60th,  bet.  Cottage  Grove  and  Kanka- 
kee  avs.     (Indiana  av.  or  Illinois  Central  cars.) 

Washington  Square,  N.  D.,  from  Washington  pi.  to  La  Fayette  pi., 
bet.  Dearborn  av.  and  N.  Clark.     ("  Lincoln  av."  N.  Clark  st.  cars.) 

Wicker,  W.  D.,  bet.  N.  Kobey,  Fowler  and  Park.     (Milwaukee  av. 
cars.) 

Woodlawn,  S.  D.,  Cottage  Grove  av.  and  35th.     (Cottage  Grove  av.  or 
Illinois  Central  cars  to  Douglas  Sta.) 


JfOST-OFFICE. 

Main  Office,  Government  bklg.,  Clark  and  Adams. 

8  Branch  offices: — 

Cottage  Grove  Station,  3704  Cottage  Grove  av. 

Madison  St.  Station,  981  W.  Madison. 

N.  D.  Station,  259  and  261  N.  Clark. 

N.  W.  Station,  482  Milwaukee  av. 

S.  D.  Station,  3217  State. 

S.  W.  Station,  Blue  Island  av.,  cor.  19th. 

Union  Stock  Yards  Station,  Union  Stock  Yards. 

W.  D.  Station,  W.  Washington,  cor.  S.  Halsted. 


PLACES  OF  AMUSEMENT. 

Academy  of  Music,  83  S.  Halsted. 

Casino,  formerly  McCormick  Hall,  44  N.  Clark,  nr.  Kinzie. 

Central  Music  Hall,  se.  cor.  State  and  Randolph. 

Chicago  Opera  House,  sw.  cor.  Clark  and  Washington. 

Columbia  Theater,  Monroe,  bet.  Clark  and  Dearborn. 

Criterion  Theater,  274  Seilgwick,  cor.  Division. 

FarwellHall,  148  Ma- 

Grand  Opera  House,  87  Clark. 

Grenifjr's  Alcazar  Theater,  Madison,  Throop  to  Ada. 

Halsted  St.  Opera  House,  253  S.  Halsted  and  W.  lLim-o:i. 

Hershey  Music  Hall,  34  E.  Monroe. 

Hooley's  Theater,  149  Randolph,  nr.  LaSalle. 


252  GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 

Kohl  &  Middleton's  South  Side  Dime  Museum,  150  Clark,  nr.  Madison. 

Kohl  &  Middleton's  West  Side  Dime  Museum,  150  Madison,  nr.  Des 
Plaines. 

Lyceum  Theater,  54  S.  Des  Plaines,  nr.  Madison. 

Madison  St.  Theater,  Inter-Ocean  bldg.,  85  Madison. 

National  Theater,  26  Clybourn  av. 

Olympic  Theater,  51  Clark,  nr.  Randolph. 

Princess  Opera  House,  560  W.  Madison. 

Standart  Hall,  Michigan  av.  and  13th. 

Standard  Theater,  S.  Halsted.  sw.  cor.  Jackson. 

Stanhope  &  Epstean's  New  Dime  Museum,  111  Randolph,  bet.  Clark 
and  Dearborn. 

Turner  Hall  (Aurora),  Huron  and  Milwaukee  av. 

Turner  Hall  (North  Side),  257  N.  Clark. 

Turner  Hall,  251  to  255  Twelfth. 

Twenty-second  St.  Opera  House,  22d,  bet.  State  and  Wabash  av. 

Weber  Music  Hall,  Wabash  av.,  sw.  cor.  Jackson. 

RAILROADS. 

Baltimore  &  Ohio,  Ticket  depot,  83  Clark;  Freight  depot,  212  LaSalle; 
Pass,  depot,  foot  of  Monroe,  Exposition  bldg.  and  foot  of  Twenty- 
second;  Freight  depot,  foot  of  S.  Water. 

Chicago  &  Alton  Gen.  Pass,  and  Ticket  office,  210  Dearborn,  nw.  cor. 
Adams;  City  ticket  offices,  89  S.  Clark,  Palmer  House  and  Grand  Pacific 
hotel;  Pass,  depot,  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams,  and  Twenty-third; 
Frt.  depot,  2  &  4  W.  Van  Buren. 

Chicago  &  Atlantic,  City  ticket  office,  105  S.  Clark;  Pass,  depot, 
Dearborn  Station,  Polk,  head  of  Dearborn;  Frt.  depot,  cor.  Clark  and 
14th. 

Chicago  &  Eastern  Illinois,  City  ticket  office,  64  Clark;  Pass,  depot, 
Dearborn  Station,  cor.  Dearborn  and  Polk;  Frt.  depot,  cor.  .Dearborn 
and  14th. 

Chicago  &  Grand  Trunk,  general  offices,  Rialto  bldg.,  Sherman  and 
Van  Buren,  just  s.  of  Board  of  Trade  bldg. ;  City  office,  103  Clark,  se.  cor. 
Washington ;  Pass,  depot,  Dearborn  Station,  Polk,  bet.  3d  and  4th  av?. ; 
Frt.  depot,  State  and  12th. 

Chicago  &  Northwestern,  general  offices,  Lake  and  Fifth  av. ;  City 
ticket  office,  62  Clark,  nr.  Randolph;  Pass,  depot,  Wells  and  Kinzie; 
Frt.  depots,  South  Branch,  Jefferson  and  16th;  East  Chicago,  N.  State, 
«r.  the  river;  North  Chicago,  Indiana  and  Jefferson. 

Chicago,  Burlington  &  Quincy,  Gen.  offices,  Adams  and  Franklin;  City 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO.  263 

ticket  offices,  211  Clark,  nw.  cor.  Adams,  Grand  Pacific  hotel,  Palmer 
House,  Union  depot,  Canal  and  16th;  Pass,  depot,  Union  depot,  cor. 
Canal  and  Madison;  Contracting  frt.  office,  211  Clark;  Frt.  depot,  Canal 
and  Harrison. 

Chicago,  Milwaukee  &  St.  Paul,  city  ticket  office,  63  Clark;  City  frt. 
office,  55  Clark;  Pass,  depot,  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Adams;  Frt.  depot, 
Union  and  Carroll. 

Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Pacific,  Gen.  offices,  Rock  Island  depot;  City 
ticket  office,  104  Clark,  sw.  cor.  Washington;  Pass,  depot,  Van  Buren, 
between  Sherman  and  Pacific  av;  In-frt.  depot,  cor.  of  12th  and  4th  av; 
Out-frt.  depot,  cor.  Polk  and  Sherman. 

Chicago,  Santa  Fe  &  California.Ticket  office,  Rialtobldg.;  Pass  depot, 
Twenty-sixth  and  Western  ar.;  (Take  Blue  Island  av.  cars;)  Frt.  depot, 
STATE  AND  l4th. 

Chicago,  St.  Louis  &  Pittsburg,  Gen.  offices,  Clark  and  Randolph;  City 
ticket  office,  65  Clark;  Pass,  depot,  Union  depot,  Canal  and  Madison; 
Gen.  western  frt.  office,  2  Pacific  av;  Local  frt.  office  and  depot,  cor.  Car- 
roll and  Halsted. 

Illinois  Central,  Gen.  offices,  78  Michigan  av;  Contracting  frt.  and  tkt. 
offices,  121  Randolph;  Pass,  depot,  foot  of  Lake;  Frt.  depot,  foot  of  S. 
Water. 

Lake  Shore  &  Michigan  Southern,  Pass,  depot,  VanBuren,  cor.  Pacific 
av.,  opp.  Board  of  Trade  bldg;  Frt.  depot,  Polk  and  Pacific  av. 

Louisville,  New  Albany  &  Chicago,  Gen.  offices,  Adams  Express  bldg., 
185  and  187  Dearborn;  City  tkt.  office,  73  Clark;  Pass,  depot,  Dearborn 
Station,  Polk,  bet.  Clark  and  State;  Out  and  in-freight  depot,  sw.  cor. 
Taylor  and  4th  av;  Transfer  frt.,  e.  and  w.  of  Halsted,  bet.  49th  and 
55th;  Bills  of  lading  issued  at  183  Dearborn. 

Michigan  Central,  Gen.  offices,  Adams  Exp.  bldg.,  183  and  189  Dear- 
born; City  tkt.  office,  67  Clark;  Pass,  depot,  foot  of  Lake;  Frt.  depot,  foot 
of  S.  Water. 

New  York,  Chicago  &  St.  Louis  ("  Nickel  Plate"),  Pass,  depot,  "  Rock 
Island"  depot,  Van  Buren,  cor.  Pacific  av;  Frt.  depot,  Polk  and  Pacific 
av;  Pass,  office,  79  Clark;  Frt.  office,  191  LaSalle. 

Pittsburg,  Fort  Wayne  &  Chicago,  Gen.  and  ticket  offices,  65  Ran- 
dolph; Gen.  western  frt.  office,  sw.  cor.  Sherman  and  Jackson;  Local  frt. 
office  and  depot,  2  W.  Madison;  Pass,  depot,  cor.  Canal  and  Madison. 

Wabash,  St.  Louis  &  Pacific,  Gen.  Pass,  and  Frt.  office,  109  S.  Clark; 
Local  frt.  office  and  depot,  12th  and  3dav;  Pass,  depot,  Dearborn  Sta- 
tion, Polk,  bet.  State  and  Clark,  three  blocks  s.  of  Postoffice. 

Wisconsin  Central,  city  tkt.  office,  205  Clark;  Pass,  and  frt.  depots, 
cor.  of  Polk  and  5th  av. 


254 


GUIDE  TO  CHICAGO. 


STEAMBOAT  LINES. 

Goodrich  steamers,  foot  of  Michigan  av. 

Lake  Michigan  and  Lake  Superior  Transportation  Co.,  Gen.  office,  74 

Market. 
Numerous  propellers  for  Northern  and  Eastern  ports,  and  excursion 

steamboats. 


OLD  BOARD  OF  TRADE  BUILDING. 


256          STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

PUBLIC  MONUMENTS  IN  CHICAGO. 

Like  other  metropolises  Chicago  has  a  number  of  public 
monuments.  The  Douglas  monument  is  on  the  shore  of 
Lake  Michigan,  near  Thirty-fifth  street.  The  Schiller  mon- 
ument is  in  Lincoln  Park,  and  was  erected  by  the  German 
element.  Other  monuments  in  Lincoln  Park  are  the  Indi- 
an Group,  erected  by  Martin  Kyerson;  the  Lincoln  monu- 
ment, provided  by  Mr.  Bates;  and  the  Grant  monument, 
erected  by  the  citizens. 

This  Grant  monument  was  designed  by  F.  M.  White- 
house,  of  Chicago.  The  materials  are  granite  from  Hal" 
lowell,  Me.,  and  bronze.  Over  $40,000  were  raised  in  a  day 
for  it.  The  length  of  the  tprrace  is  150  feet;  the  length 
of  the  superstructure  is  50  feet;  the  hight  of  the  terrace  is 
16  feet;  the  hight  of  the  superstructure  is  16  feet;  the  hight 
of  the  base  of  the  statue  is  9  feet;  the  hight  of  the  footway 
arch  is  11  feet;  the  width  of  the  footway  arch  is  16  feet. 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.  25; 

Mr.  L.  T.  Rebisso,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  received  $500 
for  the  first  prize  on  a  model  of  General  Grant  on  horse- 
back. 

The  Grant  Monument  is  at  the  southern  side  of  Lincoln 
Park;  the  Schiller  Monument  is  near  the  Floral  display. 

The  Lincoln  Statue  is  at  the  Dearborn  Avenue  entrance 
to  Lincoln  Park.  It  is  by  St.  Gaudens,  of  New  York. 

In  addition  to  the  Lincoln  Monument,  costing  $40,000, 
Mr.  Eli  Bates  bequeathed  $15,000  for  the  purchase  of  a 
fountain  for  Lincoln  Park. 


Gone,  But  Not  Forgotten. 


260  STOEIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

A  STORY  OF  EAELY  CHICAGO. 

ELIA  W.  PEATTIE. 

[This  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  Christmas  stories  of 
the  season.  Emanating  from  the  pen  of  a  young  arid  com- 
paratively unknown  writer,  it  should  not  on  that  account 
escape  the  attention  it  merits.  It  is  a  story  of  Chicago  in 
the  early  days,  carefully  wrought  out  in  all  its  details  with 
a  delicacy  of  touch  and  a  vigor  of  imagination  which 
make  it  worthy  to  rank  with  the  tales  of  the  best-known 
authors  of  the  day. —  Chicago  Tribune.'] 

CHAPTER   I. 

In  1835  Andrew  Jackson  was  President  and  Martin  Yan 
Buren  Vice;  James  K.  Polk  was  speaker  of  the  Twenty- 
fourth  Congress,  and  Yan  Buren  and  Jackson  had  been 
nominated  by  the  Democrats  for  the  next  National  ticket; 
Thomas  Duncan  of  Morgan  was  Governor  of  Illinois;  Daniel 
Webster  had  been  indorsed  for  President  by  the  Whig 
Legislature  of  Massachusetts;  Elijah  Lovejoy  edited  an  ab- 
olitionist organ  at  Alton;  the  country  was  on  the  brink  of  a 
financial  Niagara.  Jackson  had  ordered  the  National 
deposits  removed  from  the  Bank  of  the  United  States;  Cook 
County  had  been  organized  four  years;  Chicago  had  3,000 
souls;  John  Kinzie  had  been  dead  seven  years;  seventeen 
years  had  passed  since  Illinois  had  been  admitted  as  a  State; 
Michigan  was  yet  a  Territory  and  Wisconsin  was  a  part  of  it; 
Chicago  was  begining  to  talk  of  incorporation;  there  was  not 
a  paved  street  in  the  place;  in  1835  wagons  sunk  to  the 
hubs  in  the  mire  at  the  corner  of  Lake  and  Wells  streets; 
there  was  a  mudhole  in  South  Water  street  marked  "no  bot- 
tom"; in  1835  no  bridges  existed,  bat  people  crossed  the  river 
in  boats;  in  1835  what  is  now  Division  street  was  a  howling 
vrilderness;  in  1835  J.  Young  Scarnmon  and  Buckner  Morris 
were  law  partners;  so  were  Mark  Skinner  and  G.  A.  O.  Beau- 


STOE1ES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.          261 

mont;  in  1835  Henry  King's  place  on  Kinzie  street  was  what 
Marshall  Field's  is  today;  Isaac  N.  Arnold  and  Mahlon  D. 
Ogden  were  partners  in  law  at  the  corner  of  Clark  and 
Water  streets;  in  1835  Vaudalia  was  the  capital  of  the  State. 

Upon  the  exact  spot  where  now  loom  up  the  massive  walls 
of  the  new  Chicago  Chamber  ot  Commerce  with  its  ambi- 
tious tower  and  gilded  weathervane  there  stood  just  fifty 
years  ago  a  sturdy  building  known  to  the  handful  of  settlers 
and  the  inmates  of  the  fort  as  Bernard's  Tavern.  It  was  a 
story  and  a  half  high,  with  massive  double  doors  and  small 
windows,  which  gave  a  heavy  and  inhospitable  appearance 
to  the  front.  From  the  road  it  seemed  a  structure  of  or- 
dinary dimensions,  but  in  reality  it  rambled  back  for  nearly 
200  feet.  The  sides  were  disfigured  with  unexpected  ad- 
ditions and  abutments,  and  twice  the  whole  was  nearly 
bisected  by  sudden  in-turns.  Huddling  in  its  shelter  was  a 
group  of  outhouses  and  low  stables,  the  favorite  lounging- 
place  of  the  idlers. 

Two  days  before  Christmas,  there  arose  a  storm  the  like 
of  which  had  never  been  seen  in  the  lake  regions  before. 
In  the  morning  the  air  had  been  crisp  with  a  few  bright, 
dancing  flakes.  At  noon  twelve  inches  of  snow  lay  on  the 
fence-rails.  By  the  time  Joseph  Bernard's  French  cathedral 
clock  had  chimed  the  angelus  for  the  hour  of  3  the  Decem- 
ber sky  was  hidden  from  sight,  the  December  sun  was  a 
blur  in  the  heavens,  and  the  snow  was  knee  deep.  The  few 
teams  which  struggled  past  were  provided  with  an  extra 
yoke  of  oxen.  By  sunset  houses,  landscape,  and  sky  were 
one  indistinguishable  mass  of  whiteness.  A  wind  had 
arisen  during  the  afternoon  and  now  deepened  into  a  gale. 
It  swept  the  snow  in  fantastic  swirls  and  drifts  in  the  road, 
on  the  doorstep,  and  on  the  eaves  of  the  house.  It  tam- 
pered with  the  architect's  designs,  and  placed  turrets,  gables, 


262          STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

cornices,  and  buttresses  where  no  one  but  Jack  Frost  would 
have  thought  of  putting  them.  Above  the  wind  rose  the 
clashing  of  ice  in  the  lake — a  thundering,  hungry  roar.  The 
storm  was  at  its  worst  when  a  man  beating  against  the  wind 
waded  through  the  drifts  up  to  the  door  of  the  tavern.  He 
burst  open  the  door  with  knee  and  hand,  and  seemed  to  the 
group  of  loungers  about  the  fire  to  drift  in  with  a  billow  of 
snow. 

The  public  room  of  Bernard's  was  an  apartment  about 
twenty  feet  square.  The  floor,  which  was  of  some  hard- 
wood, was  covered  with  fine  lake  sand;  the  walls  were  of 
poplar  and  cedar  trom  floor  to  ceiling,  without  a  sign  of 
plaster;  to  the  right  as  you  passed  in  was  a  wide  fireplace 
of  clay  which  now  roared  and  crackled  with  three  immense 
logs.  The  light  thus  produced  was  nearly  sufficient  to  ill- 
umine the  room,  but  there  were  besides  a  number  of  candles 
supported  by  quaint  French  brackets  set  in  the  wall.  The 
room  was  thick  with  tobacco  smoke,  but  the  stranger  could 
distinguish  gazing  at  him  a  number  of  men.  One  of  these, 
the  owner  of  the  place,  sat  on  a  three-legged  stool  nursing 
his  knee  and  smoking  a  clay  pipe.  He  was  a  man  of  about 
55,  and  as  he  turned  to  look  at  the  newcomer  the  firelight 
struck  upon  strongly-marked  features.  The  other  occupants 
of  the  room  who  sat  about  in  various  attitudes,  were  mostly 
traders  and  trappers — the  regular  patrons  of  the  place. 
Some  were  asleep  against  the  wall,  while  others  watched 
with  languid  interest  a  very  unscientific  game  of  cards  being 
played  by  two  of  their  number  at  a  table  on  the  opposite 
side  of  the  room.  Between  Bernard  and  the  fireplace  lay 
outstreched  upon  a  bear-skin  the  wiry  form  of  an  Indian. 
His  head  was  .buried  in  his  arms,  and  he  was  apparently 
fast  asleep.  Bernard  arose  and  kicked  back  a  dog  which 
had  begun  to  yelp  at  the  stranger. 

"  Bon  soirf"  he  said,  striving  to  scan  the  guest's  features 
in  the  uncertain  light. 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.          263 

u  Is  this  what  you  call  a  good  night?"  added  the  new  man 
contemptuously,  as  he  unloosed  a  huge  fur  coat  and  shook 
a  cloud  of  snow  from  it. 

"Is  it  you,  Du  Quesne?"  asked  the  landlord  in  surprise. 

"To  be  sure  it  is,"  said  the  other  as  he  pusiucl  his  way 
to  the  blaze  and  seated  himself  on  the  host's  cozy  stool. 
"Don't  you  know  your  friends?" 

''J/izz's,  but  I  have  never  seen  you  with  that  beard. 
Where  have  you  been?"  The  stranger  glanced  hastily  about 
the  room  and  said  in  a  lower  tone : 

"I'll  tell  you  afterwards.  Get  me  something  hot." 
Bernard  hurried  off  to  an  inner  room.  The  man  he  had  called 
Du  Quesne  stooped  and  unbuckled  the  long  leather  leggings 
which  covered  his  boots  and  came  high  up  on  his  thighs. 
He  brushed  the  snow  off  them  with  a  sort  of  fierce  im- 
patience, and  flung  them  into  a  corner;  then  he  turned  to 
warm  his  hands  at  the  fire.  He  was  a  man  who  stood  an 
inch  or  two  over  six  feet  when  his  lithe  form  was  drawn  to 
its  full  height.  The  sinuous  strength  of  his  legs  showed 
through  his  corduroy  trousers,  and  Ins  fine  throat,  despite 
the  severity  of  the  weather,  was  bared  above  a  loosely-crossed 
cotton  kerchief.  A  scarlet  worsted  belt  bound  his  waist, 
and  the  hat  which  he  removed  from  his  luxuriant  hair  was 
heavy  with  bullion  tassels  and  resets.  He  viewed  with  del- 
iberate glance  the  other  occupants  of  the  room,  and  his  look 
fell  on  the  Indian.  He  gave  the  outstreched  body  a  light, 
contemptuous  kick. 

"Don't  sleep  here,  you  cur,"  he  snarled.  "The  fire  is  for 
white  men."  Quick  as  a  flash  the  Indian  rolled  to  his  feet 
and  sprang  at  Du  Quesne's  throat.  The  Frenchman  dealt 
to  the  savage  a  blow  which  sent  the  latter  staggering  into 
the  fireplace.  The  company  stirred  themselves  to  a  protest. 
Du  Quesne  was  drawing  a  long,  clumsy  pistol  from  his  waist 
when  Bernard  re-entered  with  a  steaming  glass  of  liquor. 


264  STOE1ES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  Indian  bounded  from  the  fireplace  with  his  leathern 
leggings  smoking  and  his  knife  in  hand. 

"  Bapteme!"  exclaimed  Bernard,  setting  the  liquor  upon 
a  table  and  rushing  upon  Du  Quesne.  ' '  What  are  you  fell- 
ows doing  ?  Put  up  that  knife,  Trailing-Feather!  Du  Quesne, 
remember  where  you  are !  Don't  kill  the  Indian  !"  Then 
in  a  lower  tone  he  said  to  his  friend,  "  Y  est  benfou.  Put 
away  your  pistol " — and  he  almost  forced  Du  Quesne's  wea- 
pon back  to  its  place  in  his  belt.  The  Indian  had  stopped 
at  the  first  word  from  Bernard,  but  he  did  not  put  away  his 
knife  until  his  opponent's  pistol  was  out  of  sight,  and  even 
then  it  was  with  reluctance  that  he  returned  his  knife  to  its 
sheath.  His  frame  twitched  with  supressed  anger,  his 
copper-colored  skin  glowed  with  a  deeper  shade,  and  the 
deep-set  eyes  blazed  with  rage.  At  a  motion  from  Bernard 
he  resumed  his  position  in  front  of  the  fire,  and  after  mut- 
tering a  little  was  soon  snoring  as  before.  Bernard  led  the 
other  man  to  an  unoccupied  table  and  the  two  conversed  in 
a  low  tone  over  their  liquor.  An  hour  later  they  were  the 
only  ones  in  the  room,  except  the  Indian,  who  still  snored 
upon  the  hearth.  Then  the  two  men  spoke  aloud. 

"  Sacre!"  exclaimed  Du  Quesne.  "How  you  talk!  I 
tell  you  I  have  positive  information  that  it  reaches  here 
Christmas  morning." 

"And  I  know,"  said  Bernard,  "that  during  all  the  time  I 
have  been  here  it  has  never  come  before  the  1st  ot  the 
month,  summer  or  winter." 

"I  tell  you  it  will  be  here  the  25th  this  year,  or  I  will 
never  tie  pack  again.  I  make  no  mistake.  I  cannot  aff- 
ord it.  I've  been  over  every  inch  of  the  ground.  One  spot 
about  three  miles  this  side  of  the  Calumet,  is  as  black  as  mid- 
night. I  left  my  horse  there  in  a  drift.  By  this  time  he 
will  have  forgotten  what  it  is  to  be  hungry. " 

"He  was  a  good  horse,"  said  Bernard. 


STOE1ES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.          265 

"Mais,  but  I  had  worn  him  out  with  hard  riding  and  his 
leg  was  broken.  He  was  ready  to  die."  The  outer  door  was 
here  pushed  open  with  a  decision  that  brought  both  men  to 
their  feet  in  alarm.  A  tall  young  man  with  a  military  car- 
riage entered.  A  long  cloak  nearly  enveloped  his  form, 
but  did  not  conceal  the  uniform  of  a  soldier.  He  looked  at 
the  two  men  with  his  brilliant  eyes  and  saluted  them. 

"Ah,  Lieutenant,"  exclaimed  Bernard.  "You  make  us 
a  late  call!  Come  in  and  let  me  give  you  something  to  take 
the  frost  out." 

"No,  I  thank  you.  I  can't  stay.  I  was  passing  and 
stopped  to  tell  you  that  one  of  my  men  had  picked  up  a 
steer  of  yours.  It  is  in  safe-keeping  at  the  fort.  I  will  send 
it  home  in  the  morning. 

"Thank  you.  Join  us  in  a  drink  for  your  trouble."  JDu 
Quesne  stood  partially  turned  from  the  light  as  if  he  wish- 
ed to  avoid  recognition,  and  seemed  annoyed  at  Bernard's 
urgency.  The  young  man  had  not  moved  his  eyes  from  the 
silent  figure. 

"Yoyageur  Du  Quesne!"  he  exclaimed,  "do  you  not 
recognize  old  acquaintances  ?"  Du  Quesne  forced  to  speak 
turned  about  and  bowed. 

"I  didn't  expect  to  see  you  out  so  late,  Lieutenant, "  he 
replied  without  raising  his  eyes. 

"I  had  some  business  that  kept  me  out  to-night.  Where 
were  you  this  trip  ?" 

"Ah!  Ouisconsin,  sir,  far  to  the  West."  He  gave  the 
reply  with  an  air  of  bravado. 

"Indeed!"  said  the  officer  in  surprise.  "I  could  have 
sworn  I  saw  you  on  the  old  stage-road  this  morning  this  side 
of  Michigan  City." 

The  Frenchman   suppressed  an  oath. 

"I  came  straight  across  the  country,"  he  said.  The 
soldier  gave  him  one  more  keen  look,  bowed  to  the  host, 


266  STOBIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

and  took  a  silent  departure.  The  two  friends  gazed  at  each 
other  with  ill-concealed  consternation. 

"  Where  was  he?  "  asked  Bernard. 

"The  Devil  knows!" 

"  He's  got  the  scent  of  a  bloodhound,"  Bernard  said. 

"  He  must  not  get  in  my  way.  You  say  Alphonse  and 
Pierre  can  be  relied  on  ? " 

"My  sons  do  what  I  say." 

"I  wish  your  daughter  did  the  same.  Delphine  should 
have  been  taught  to  be  obedient,  too." 

' '  She  is  a  good  daughter,  Hippo! yte — too  good  for  me  to 
force  her  to  marry  a  man  she  don't  want." 

"Sacre!  Why  doesrft  she  want  me?  I've  not  count- 
ed my  26th  year  yet.  I  can  outrun  or  outshoot  any  man 
about  the  lakes.  My  face  wouldn't  frighten  her,  and  there 
are  poorer  men.  She's  a  fool !  " 

"It's  no  use,  Du  Quesne.  I'm  sorry.  I  wish  she 
would — 

"Bah!  Is  that  the  talk  for  a  father?  Why  don't  you 
tell  her—" 

"  I'll  tell  her  nothing  about  this,  Hippolyte.  She  has  no 
mother  to  look  after  her." 

"  You've  let  some  cursed  Yankee — " 

"  No,  I  haven't.  It  there  is  any  one  it  is  that  stage-driv- 
er." The  young  Frenchman  bounded  from  his  chair  with 
a  snarl. 

• '  Mark  Arnott  ?  Then  there  is  just  so  much  reason  for 
putting  a  hole  in  his  skin  to-morrow  night. " 

"  Do  you  mean  to  kill  him  ?  If  you  get  the  money  it  is 
enough." 

"Not  enough  for  me,  man!  I'll  have  his  little  soul, 
too." 

"O,  well,  it's  of  no  consequence.  He  is  a  poor  animal! 
He  isn't  so  easy  to  manage  as  he  might  be." 


STOE1ES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.  267 

"Well,  to-morrow  night  by  this  time  he'll  be  beyond 
love  making,  and  ma,  belle  Delphine  will  have  a  braver  lov- 
er. The  soldiers  were  not  paid  last  month,  and  both 
months'  pay  is  coming  in  the  stage.  Ha!  ha!  ha!  I  won- 
der who  will  eat  M.  Arnott's  Christmas  dinner  for  him!" 

"What  time  will  you  start  ? " 

' '  Tell  the  boys  to  be  at  the  side  door  with  their  horses 
by  half  after  2.  You'll  have  every  body  in  the  town  here 
dancing  and  drinking.  If  Delphine  is  around  the  young 
fellows  won't  miss  the  boys.  By  steady  riding  I  can  lead 
them  to  the  spot  I've  picked  out  in  two  hours  and  a  half. 
An  hour  later  the  stage  is  due  at  the  bridge." 

"That is  the  hour  of  six." 

"  Six.  After  we  have  transacted  our  business  with  Mon- 
sieur Arnott,  we  will  ride  back  as  quickly  as  possible,  and 
destroy  our  foot-prints  as  we  come."  Bernard  seemed  a  little 
depressed. 

"It  will  make  the  boys  rich,"  he  said,  at  last.  The 
younger  man  arose  with  a  laugh. 

"I  hope  you  are  not  trying  to  make  out  that  it's  a  clean 
job,  Bernard.  It's  a  hellish  thing.  But  I'm  not  afraid  of 
hell — yet.  Show  me  where  I  am  to  sleep." 

Bernard  took  a  candle  from  the  shelf  over  the  fire-place 
and  led  the  way  out  of  the  room.  In  a  few  moments  he 
returned  to  awaken  the  Indian,  whose  slumbers  had  been 
apparently  undisturbed  by  the  conversation.  Some  of  the 
candles  were  burning  low  in  their  sockets,  and  the  fire  was 
a  bed  of  dull  red  embers,  but  there  was  still  light  enough 
to  show  that  the  Indian  was  gone. 


CHAPTER   II. 

Delphine  Bernard,  secure  in  the  warm  depths  of  her  cur- 
tained bed,  lay  in  the  "first  sweet  sleep  of  night."  She 
had  sat  till  almost  midnight  before  her  ruddy  hickory  fire 


268  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

working  on  a  muffler  of  rainbow  hues  intended  as  a  Christinas 
gift,  evidently  for  some  one  whose  daily  task  it  was  to  face 
all  sorts  of  weather.  It  was  surely  a  precious  wight  who 
needed  such  blanketing.  On  the  corner  she  had  crocheted 
the  initials  "M.  A."  in  uncertain,  straggly  characters.  The 
glow  from  the  dying  fire  lit  up  her  face — the  firm  chin, 
relaxed  with  pleasant  dreams,  the  straight  eyebrows 
above  large  lids,  the  closed  lips  with  their  clear 
unbroken  curves,  the  half-braided  coils  of  straight  black 
hair.  It  was  the  face  of  no  simperer.  She  was  descended 
from  women  who  had  faced  Indian  tomahawks,  and  seen 
famine,  and  forced  back  death  in  the  heart  of  the  wilder- 
ness. Now,  however,  some  gentle  dream  of  maidenhood 
fluttered  her  lids  and  moved  her  lips  in  smiles.  Mingling 
with  the  girl's  sleeping  thoughts  there  came  to  her  inner 
sense  a  dull,  thumping  noise.  It  continued  at  irregular  in- 
tervals and  gradually  took  form  in  her  mind.  The  con- 
tinued thuds  shocked  the  slumberer  and  she  suddenly 
awoke.  As  she  did  so  she  heard  it  twice  again — something 
weighty  and  yet  yielding  striking  against  her  window-pane. 
She  sat  up  and  brushed  the  languor  from  her  eyes,  then  lis- 
tened to  find  out  what  had  disturbed  her.  Again  the  sound 
came.  She  ran  to  the  window  and  looked  out.  The  snow 
was  still  falling  noiselessly,  but  the  windows  were  clear,  as 
the  wind  was  from  the  other  side — but — ah!  on  the  lower 
panes  great  splashes  of  snow,  as  if  soft  balls  had  broken  on 
them.  The  casement  opened  out  like  a  blind.  She  pushed 
it  outward  and  listened.  Something  dark  came  leaping 
through  the  air  to  the  outer  sill  and  stood  there.  Delphine 
looked  up  giddily.  It  was  the  Indian,  Trailing-Feather. 
With  a  woman's  quick  intuition  she  knew  that  he  had 
brought  news  of  her  lover.  She  spread  out  her  hands  in 
mute  inquiry.  He  did  not  keep  her  waiting.  In  a  low 
tone,  with  a  peculiar  mingling  of  broken  French  and  Eng- 


STOEIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.          269 

lish,  he  accurately  related  the  plans  to  the  last  particular 
which  her  father  and  Du  Quesne  had  discussed  while  he  lay 
pretending  to  sleep.  There  was  an  unfeigned  horror  in  the 
girl's  face,  but  no  incredulity.  It  may  be  that  knowing  her 
father  and  brothers  as  she  did  she  was  not  altogether  unpre- 
pared for  the  story. 

"But  father  will  not  go?"  she  said,  doubtfully.  The 
Indian  shook  his  head.  "MonDieu,"  she  said,  half  to 
herself,  "some  of  them  will  surely  be  killed."  The  red 
man  came  as  near  smiling  as  he  ever  did — times  had  been 
very  peaceful  of  late.  "Mark  must  be  told  of  this,"  she 
said,  suddenly  gathering  her  loose  night-robe  more  closely 
about  her.  The  man  grunted  assentingly. 

' '  Trailing-Feather  go, "  he  said. 

"He  must  be  saved  at  all  odds.  The  soldiers  must  be 
told  of  it.  Will  you  help  me  ? "  Again  a  grunt.  Trem- 
bling with  cold  and  haste,  she  drew  some  paper  from  a 
drawer  and  wrote  upon  it  with  a  stubby  pencil  and  many 
feminine  ejaculations  of  impatience  the  following: 

Monsieur  Lieut.:  I  beg  of  you  to  come  to  see  me  as  soon  as  you 
will.  I  have  that  to  tell  you  of  great  important. 

DELPHINE  BERNARD. 

The  note  done,  she  eyed  it  doubtfully,  for  Delphine's  ed- 
ucation was  not  of  the  best,  and  her  English  was  apt  to  be 
a  little  uncertain.  She  folded  it  and  handed  it  to  the  Indian 
on  the  outside  of  the  window.  Trailing-Feather  secreted 
the  note  in  his  breast,  and  leaping  the  high  drift  of  snow 
disappeared  in  the  darkness,  leaving  no  track  behind  him 
that  the  falling  snow  would  not  hide  by  morning.  As  she 
shut  out  the  cold  and  raised  the  curtain  to  drop  it  over  the 
window  her  blood  was  frozen  by  a  groan,  a  half-stifled  cry, 
and  then  an  appalling  silence.  She  rushed  to  the  door 
with  a  vague  intention  ot  arousing  the  household.  It  was 
bolted  on  the  outer  side.  She  was  too  dazed  to  have  any 


270  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

realization  of  the  significance  of  the  barred  doors.  She 
could  not  see  or  hear  anything  from  the  outside.  She  sat 
the  whole  night  crouching  over  the  fire.  When  the  late 
morning  came,  she  dressed  and  waited  in  expectation  of  a 
visit  from  her  father.  By  this  time  she  had  begun  to  be- 
lieve that  he  had  overheard  the  conversation  between  the 
Indian  and  herself.  He  would  surely  come  soon  to  release 
her  or  to  tell  her  why  she  was  a  prisoner.  But  the  long  hours 
of  the  dull  winter  day  brought  no  one  but  Celeste,  the 
wrinkled  handmaiden,  who  passed  in  her  meals  and  stood 
with  her  muscular  hand  on  the  latch  as  she  did  so. 

"Celeste,"  said  the  girl,  "do  you  mean  to  lock  that  door 
when  you  go?" 

" Ma  chere,  I  do  as  I  am  bid." 

"Who  bids  you?" 

"Monsieur,  your  father." 

uWhy?" 

"God  knows!" 

" Do  not  lock  it,  Celeste!  I  have  done  nothing."  The 
old  servant  said  not  a  word.  The  tears  stood  in  her  eyes. 
But  as  she  closed  the  door  Delphine  heard  the  bolt  slide 
into  its  place.  From  the  window  the  world  looked  as 
peaceful  as  Heaven.  Now  and  then  the  sinking  wind  add- 
ed a  swirl  to  the  snow-drift  that  barricaded  the  window. 
Beyond  this  was  a  level  spot  which  she  concluded  must  have 
been  the  place  where  the  Indian  landed  after  his  leap.  A 
puff  of  wind  raised  a  spiral  wonder  of  the  fine  sparkling  pow- 
der as  she  looked,  and  revealed  on  the  ground  a  bullion  tas- 
sel such  as  voyageurs  wear  on  their  hats. 

Once  an  exhilarating  sound  broke  her  solitude — the  jangle 
of  bells!  She  sprang  to  the  window.  The  sound  approach- 
ed nearer  and  nearer.  She  breathed  upon  the  frosty  pane 
and  gazed  through  the  blurred  glass.  She  saw  the  ap- 
proaching sleigh  and  heard  the  beats  of  the  horses'  hoofs, 


STOEIES  AND  SKECHES  OF  G  HICAOO.  271 

muffled  by  the  snow.  She  wrenched  at  the  heavy  sash  with 
both  hands,  but  could  not  move  it — it  had  frozen  during 
the  night.  Then  the  jangle  of  the  bells  came  close  at  hand. 
It  was  Mark  Arnott  and  the  mail  coach  on  the  way  to  the 
Calumet — on  his  way  to  death!  She  could  scarcely  distin- 
guish his  features,  but  there  was  no  mistake.  She  heard 
his  voice  encourage  his  horses;  she  saw  his  head  turned 
towards  her  window;  he  sang  a  snatch  of  a  song  they  sang 
together;  she  screamed  at  the  top  of  her  voice,  "Mark, 
Mark,  they  will  kill  you! "  and  beating  her  hands  in  impo- 
tent agony  against  the  panes  she  sank  stupefied  upon  the 
floor.  But  this  momentary  oblivion  was  kindlier  than  the 
acute  consciousness  of  the  hours  that  followed.  She 
brought  herself  to  face  the  situation.  She  rapidly  accus- 
tomed herself  to  believe  in  her  brothers'  willing  participa- 
tion in  what  she  knew  would  seem  to  them  to  be  but  a 
wild  adventure.  To  rob  the  Government  was  not,  accord- 
ing to  their  status,  an  outrageous  crime.  The  idea  of  murder 
she  rightly  conjectured  sprang  from  the  revengeful  brain  of 
Hippolyte  Du  Quesne.  But  that  her  father,  whom  she  had 
always  admired  and  loved,  should  connive  in  this  hateful 
affair,  and  that  he  should  subject  her  to  the  present  indigni- 
ty, grieved  her  passionate  heart  past  endurance.  Horrible 
visions  of  her  lover  stretched  upon  the  snow  dead,  or  her 
brothers  pierced  with  the  soldiers'  bullets  and  brought  home 
to  her  remorseful  father,  haunted  her  and  made  the  hours 
dreadful.  Evening  came  at  last,  and  with  it  her  father. 
Something  in  his  face  checked  her  impulse  to  throw  herself 
upon  his  neck  and  beg  him  to  explain  all  to  her — as  she 
half  fondly  hoped  he  might.  He  spoke  with  stern  dignity. 
He  told  her  to  dress  for  the  dance  which  was  to  celebrate 
the  eve  of  Christmas,  and  directed  her  to  treat  the  voy- 
ageur  Du  Quesne  with  more  consideration  than  she  was 
used  to  employ  to  him. 


272  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

"Du  Quesne!"  she  cried,  advancing  upon  her  father, 
"un  serpent  sonnette!  Why  do  you  listen  to  him?  Have 
you  no  love  for  me,  father?  What  have  they  done  to  yon?''' 
In  the  twilight  she^saw  her  father's  face  pale,  but  he  made 
no  response  to  her  entreaty  and  left  her,  leaving  the  door 
open  behind  him.  She  dressed  herself  in  the  costume  she 
had  prepared  for  the  party  and  stepped  into  the  narrow 
corridor.  As  she  did  so  she  saw  a  tall  shadow  vanish  into  one 
of  the  rooms,  and  knew  that  her  door  had  been  watched. 
With  an  effort  she  controlled  her  agitation  and  entered  the 
public  room.  The  latter  had  been  enlarged  by  the  addition 
of  a  long  dining-room,  communication  being  furnished  by 
opening  a  double-door.  She  staggered  a  little  as  the  light 
and  the  noise  of  conversation  jarred  in  upon  her  hurt  sense, 
but  she  conquered  herself  and  entered.  Her  father  stood 
by  the  fire  with  his  eyes  upon  her.  Quite  a  number  of  the 
old  people  had  already  arrived.  Her  brothers  were  chat- 
ting nervously  with  some  bedecked  traders.  Hippolyte  Du 
Quesne,  as  she  expected,  was  not  in  the  room.  The  walls 
were  gayly  decorated  with  pine  boughs  and  flags  borrowed 
from  the  fort.  Over  the  fire-place  were  the  national  colors 
of  France.  On  the  mantel  shell  the  many-branched  can- 
dlestick presented  a  pyramid  of  light.  The  hickory  fire  dis- 
persed a  permeating  warmth  and  crackled  in  harmony  with 
a  jaunty  tune  which  a  fiddler  at  the  further  end  of  the  room 
was  extracting  from  his  instrument.  About  the  player 
stood  two  fifers  and  a  drummer  from  the  fort,  and  a  mild- 
looking  citizen  who  had  volunteered  his  services  on  the  bas- 
soon. Among  the  dancers  there  was  the  best  of  feeling. 
Caste  was  not  yet  felt  in  this  semi-civilization.  At  the 
head  of  the  room  an  elegant  officer  from  the  garrison  led 
through  a  cotillion  a  dark-browed  girl  whose  subtle  glance 
and  sinuous  grace  betrayed  her  Indian  origin.  Opposite, 
a  farmer  youth  in  his  "store  clothes"  and  a  terror  of  em- 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.  273 

barrassment,  guided  the  high-bred  steps  of  a  Vermont  mer- 
chant's daughter,  whose  dainty  attire  floated  about  him  in 
diaphanous  glamour  as  they  danced.  Scrawny,  wrinkled, 
worn  with  hardship,  a  pioneer  woman,  attired  in  a  dress 
which  had  seen  its  best  days  before  Hull  surrendered  De- 
troit to  the  British,  smiled  on  a  trim  }Toung  school-master; 
and  a  rheumatic  old  trapper  modulated  his  gruff  tones  to 
suit  the  coy  ear  of  the  tidiest  of  little  dress-makers.  At  a 
reproving  gesture  from  her  father  she  passed  out  into  the 
light.  In  a  moment  she  was  the  center  of  a  laughing 
group. 

"A  pretty  hostess  you  make,  Mam'selle  Delphine.  No 
one  to  greet  us  but  your  brothers  there  and  your  father." 

"If  you  were  going  to  be  married  you  couldn't  look  more 
solemn,"  cried  out  a  saucy  maiden. 

"I'm  sorry  Mark  isn't  here,  Del,"  whispered  one  sympa- 
thetic friend.  She  flushed,  then  paled  and  searched  the 
room  for  Lieut.  Cross.  He  was  certainly  not  present. 
With  a  bevy  of  chattering  girls  about  her,  she  searched  the 
other  rooms.  She  found  him  nowhere.  Puzzled  and 
alarmed,  she  determined  to  brave  criticism  and  ask  for  him. 
George  Davis,  the  merriest  spirit  of  the  village,  the  singer 
of  songs,  stood  by  the  fireplace  humming  "The  Blue-Bot- 
tle Fly." 

"Is  not  monsieur  the  Lieutenant  to  honor  us  with  his 
company  to-night?"  she  asked  him.  His  eyes  twinkled 
with  interest  and  mischief. 

"I'm  afraid  not,  Miss  Delphine.  He  has  another  ap- 
pointment." 

"Another  appointment?"  she  gasped. 

"  Fes,  he  started  for  here,  but  he  ran  across  some  one  he 
thought  himself  under  greater  obligations  to."  In  the 
midst  of  his  raillery  he  saw  her  sicken  and  stagger.  He 
placed  her  in  a  chair  with  contrition.  "We  started  to- 


274          STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

gether,"  he  exclaimed,  "and  we  were  passing  the  hut  where 
Trailing  Feather  lives  when  we  saw  the  door  open  and  the 
snow  drifting  in.  Entering  we  found  the  old  Indian  lying 
unconscious  on  the  floor  with  a  bad  cut  on  his  head  and  a 
knife  thrust  in  his  right  leg.  Cross  went  back  to  the  fort  for 
the  surgeon  and  I  came  on."  Delphine  shuddered  when  she 
heard  ot  her  faithful  friend's  hurt. 

"But  he  will  come  later?  "  she  asked.  "Or,  if  we  sent 
for  him,  he  could  be  found  there?"  She  blushed  under  her 
companion's  surprised  scrutiny. 

"I  don't  think  we  could  find  him  there.  He  said  he  was 
going  to  see  the  Indian  made  comfortable  and  find  out  who 
hurt  him  before  he  slept."  Delphine  forced  a  prolonged 
laugh. 

" Let  us  go  into  the  parlor,"  she  said.  "I  hear  Mme. 
Brooks  playing  upon  my  piano."  About  this  instrument, 
the  first  ever  brought  to  the  place,  the  wondering  people 
crowded  to  watch  the  flying  fingers  of  the  player. 

''"Wonderful,  ain't  it?  Regardez  done!  Quelles  inventions! 
Beats  a  dulcimer  all  hollow !  Quelles  merveilles  !  Just  look  ! " 
cried  the  onlookers.  It  was  only  by  a  triumph  of  will  that 
Delphine  forced  herself  to  stand  quietly  amidst  this  jesting, 
lighthearted  company.  To  her  great  relief  she  saw  Hip- 
polyte  du  Quesne  enter  and  throw  himself  on  a  low  couch 
with  catlike  grace.  She  was  not  sorry  when  they  pressed  her 
to  sing.  She  felt  that  by  the  power  of  her  voice  she  might 
keep  the  voyageur  in  sight  for  a  time  at  least.  With  this 
thought  in  mind  she  chose  a  melody  the  Canadian  boatmen 
sing  to  the  rhythm  of  their  oars  as  they  traverse  the  wild 
rivers  of  the  North.  Her  full  contralto  voice  filled  the 
house  with,  "  Leve  ton  pied  majolie  Bergere,"  and  brought 
all  the  traders  and  voyageurs  to  listen  to  the  familiar  song. 
Her  father  looked  pleased  when  her  voice  rang  out.  "She  is 
an  obedient  girl,"  he  said,  and  smiled.  Her  eyes  flashed 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.          275 

and  her  cheeks  burned  with  excitement.  The  tumult  in  her 
heart  found  a  violent  outlet  in  the  song,  and  the  company 
stood  bound  by  her  magnetic  abandon.  The  lights  shone  on 
the  corn-colored  folds  of  her  silk  dress  and  twinkled  on  the 
quaint  gold  beads  that  bound  her  throat  and  hair,  making 
her  look  like  some  radiant  creature  wrapped  in  sunshine  and 
glitter.  Once  she  flashed  a  saucy  look  at  Du  Quesne  that 
brought  him  to  her  side  to  join  in  the  boisterous  chorus  of 
the  never  exhausted  song  of  the  voyageurs  : 

Michaud  est  nionte  dans  un  prunier, 

Pour  treiller  des  prunes, 

La  branche  a  cassd — 

Michaud  a  tornbe  ? 

Ou  est—  ce  qu— il  est  ? 

II  est  en  bas. 

O,  reveille,  reveille,  reveille  ! 

O,  reveille,  Michaud  est  en  haut ! 

Having  once  secured  the  attention  of  Du  Quesne  she 
never  relaxed  her  efforts  to  hold  him.  She  smiled  at  him, 
frowned  at  him,  danced  with  him,  bent  to  listen  to  his 
admiring  whispers  with  feigned  pleasure,  let  him  revel  in 
the  light  of  her  eyes,  charmed  him  snake-like,  till  he  trem- 
bled at  the  casual  touch  of  her  hand,  and  his  blazing  eyes 
refused  to  leave  her  face.  Her  hope  was  to  keep  him  with 
her  till  the  party  broke  up.  So  she  thought  and  hoped. 
She  knew  her  brothers  would  not  go  without  Du  Qnesne. 
The  hours  went  on.  Midnight  passed  and  Christinas  was 
welcomed  in.  A  tree  was  produced  upon  which  Papa  Ber- 
nard had  placed  with  rare  good  humor  a  gift  for  each  guest. 
Most  of  these  were  of  a  comical  nature,  having  appropriate 
reference  to  some  peculiarity  of  the  recipient.  This  caused 
continual  outbursts  of  laughter,  but  no  one  was  offended  at 
the  rough  fun,  for  they  took  the  gift  in  the  spirit  in  which 
it  was  given.  The  time  slipped  by — 1,  2  o'clock  sounded, 
still  the  fun  went  on.  Delphine  happened  to  glance  in  the 
direction  of  the  voyageur's  seat.  Her  heart  nearly  ceased 
to  beat.  He  was  gone.  She  looked  hastily  about.  Her 


276          STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO, 

brothers  were  nowhere  to  be  seen.  Had  she  then  over- 
leaped the  mark  ?  Had  she  fired  his  blood  only  to  increase 
his  rage  against  her  lover  ?  Most  of  the  men  were  growing 
loud-voiced  and  incoherent.  Papa  Bernard's  wine  and 
brandy  were  begining  to  work.  At  last  there  came  a  lull  in 
the  jollity.  A  few  of  the  older  people  had  muffled  them- 
selves in  their  fur  cloaks,  gathered  their  olive-branches  about 
them,  and  taken  their  leave. 

Delphine,  with  a  bevy  of  those  who  meant  still  to  wear 
out  the  hours  with  something  gayer  than  sleep,  accompani 
ed  some  departing  guests  to  the  door  to  see  them  tucke  I 
into  the  capacious  "bob,"  sledges  and  to  wave  a  good-bye 
and  a  merry  Christmas  to  them.  As  she  glanced  down  the 
road,  she  fancied  she  perceived  on  the  far  horizon  some 
indistinct  tigures  rapidly  disappearing.  She  thought,  to>  >, 
that  she  heard  the  dull  beat  of  horses'  hoofs  upon  the  road, 
but  there  was  so  much  laughing  and  talking  that  she  could 
not  be  certain.  She  stepped  further  out  into  the  road,  hold- 
ing her  dainty  skirts  with  both  hands,  and  listened.  The 
sledges,  with  a  tinkle  of  bells  and  bursts  of  laughter  and 
song,  passed  from  hearing.  The  merry  group  behind  IHT 
pelted  her  with  snow.  She  ran  through  into  the  house  and 
searched  the  public  room's  convival  inmates  with  a  glance. 
From  an  inner  apartment  a  hilarious  party  of  young  men 
were  dragging  out  Mark  Beaubien,  ajovial  Frenchman,  with 
the  spirit  of  mad  frolic  expressed  in  his  face. 

"  A  tune,  Mark,  a  tune  !"  they  shouted.  "  Bring  us  out 
your  cat-gut  and  give  us  a  dance  to  wind  up  with."  Mark 
made  a  smiling  protest,  but  some  one  thrust  a  violin  into 
his  hand,  and  there  was  no  backing  out.  He  tuned  the 
instrument  a  little,  smiled,  cracked  aj"ke,  laid  the  violin 
lovingly  upon  his  shoulder,  and  played  a  few  introductory 
bars.  Delphine  forced  her  way  into  the  inner  room.  The 
voyageur  and  her  brothers  were  nowhere  to  be  seen.  The 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.          277 

sound  of  the  fiddle  fell  upon  her  ear  with  intolerable  irrita. 
tion.  She  heard  them  forming  for  a  last  dance  and  calling 
for  more  couples.  Some  one  seized  her  by  the  arm  and 
merrily  dragged  her  into  the  set.  She  was  dizzily  conscious 
that  she  and  her  partner  led  the  way  from  the  top  to  the 
bottom  of  two  long  lines  of  laughing,  jesting  dancers.  There 
was  a  noisy  balancing  of  feet,  then  as  the  music  broke  its 
introductory  bonds  and  bubbled  into  a  familiar  tune  heels 
clicked  together  in  rhythmical  accompaniment.  On  went 
the  quaint  figures  of  the  reel.  Lights,  dancers,  sleepers 
against  the  wall,  the  handsome  fiddler,  and  all  faded  before 
her  eyes.  She  remembered  afterward  that  she  led  the  reel 
like  a  Bacchante  in  her  excitement.  All  she  saw  or 
thought  of  was  a  thread-like  road  picked  out  of  an  oaken 
wood  through  which  the  lake  roar  reverberated;  a  lumbering 
coach  on  runners,  with  a  fearless  driver,  bearing  straight  on 
to  where  three  stealthy  forms  crouched  in  the  darkness 
with  death-dealing  weapons  in  their  hands.  She  became 
suddenly  aware  that  she  was  standing  alone  in  the  room. 
The  dancers  had  broken  line  and  were  crowding  to  one  of 
the  windows,  gesticulating  and  laughing. 

"  Therese  and  Jolibois  !"  "  A  kiss  !"  "  Jolibois  has 
kissed  Therese!"  "We  caught  them  !"  "Encore!  Encore!" 
"  Cupid  in  the  snow  !"  they  cried  as  they  danced  about  and 
pounded  the  window,  startling  the  unfortunate  lovers  who 
were  caught  kissing,  in  the  moonlight.  An  instant  later 
the  whole  company,  forgetful  ot  the  dance  and  the  music, 
rushed  out  of  the  door  and  surrounded  the  pair  upon  the 
snow.  The  musician  rather  glad  to  get  back  to  his  brandy 
and  water,  escaped.  Delphine  found  herself  alone  in  the 
room.  Scarcely  knowing  what  she  did  she  snatched  a  voy- 
ageur's  cloak  from  a  corner  and  started  for  the  door.  She 
saw  upon  the  floor  where  she  had  found  the  cloak  a  long, 
gleaming  object.  It  was  a  pistol  doubtless  dropped  by  the 


278          STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

owner  of  the  cloak.  She  concealed  it  under  the  cloak  and 
went  out  at  the  door.  The  young  people  absorbed,  in  the 
persecution  of  the  unfortunate  lovers,  did  not  notice  the 
figure  running  lightly  across  the  snow  towards  the  stables. 
She  found  the  door  open,  and,  entering,  groped  her  way 
about  in  semi-darkness,  touching  the  flanks  of  the  horses. 
Her  brothers'  grays  and  another  horse  were  gone.  She 
flung  doubt  and  fear  from  her. 

"  Cigale  !  Cigale  !"  she  cried  sharply.  A  neigh  came  in 
answer  and  a  pretty  dappled  mare  thrust  her  nose  over  the 
stall-boarding.  With  trembling  hands  she  untied  the  halter 
and  adjusted  the  saddle  to  Cigale's  back.  Then  she  led  her 
out  into  the  shadow  of  the  building  and  with  the  aid  of  a 
huge  block  swung  herself  into  place.  She  buttoned  the 
cloak  about  her  shoulders,  and  holding  the  pistol  tightly  in 
her  left  hand  she  gave  the  animal  a  sharp  slap  on  the  flank 
that  sent  her  bounding  down  the  road.  The  laughing  party 
on  the  snow  thought  little  of  s.eeing  a  figure  in  a  trader's 
cloak  speed  by  them  on  horseback,  and  it  was  some  little 
time  before  Delphine  was  missed.  It  was  supposed  that 
she  had. retired,  and,  somewhat  chagrined  at  the  supposed 
rudeness  of  the  capricious  belle,  the  lingerers  slowly  de- 
parted. Joseph  Bernard,  bowing,  complimenting  and 
smiling,  saw  the  last  guest  away,  and  then,  to  prevent  any 
unnecessary  confusion  in  the  morning,  went  to  bar  his 
daughter's  door.  He  opened  it  and  looked  in.  The  room 
was  empty. 

CHAPTER   III. 

Straight  down  the  village  street  to  where  the  old  coach- 
road  intersected  it,  on  down  that,  far  past  the  last  glim- 
mering light  of  the  settlement,  through  the  little  grove  of 
scrub  oaks  on  to  the  open  prairie,  where  her  horse  foundered 
now  and  again  in  the  drifts,  across  the  level  stretch  of  land 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.  279 

where  now  are  the  pleasant  streets  of  Hyde  Park,  still  on, 
bearing  a  little  more  to  the  east,  now  again  in  sound  ot  the 
lake  that  tossed  tons  of  jangling  ice  against  the  bergs  on  the 
beach,  till  at  last  Delphine  reigned  up  her  horse  at  a  sound 
which  thrilled  her  heart.  It  was  the  distant  sound  of  hoof- 
beats  in  the  snow  and  the  creaking  of  a  sleigh.  They  were 
coming  her  way.  Occasionally  a  voice  was  heard  singing  in 
a  pleasant  tone.  There  was  no  doubt  the  coach  was  near 
by.  Who  but  Mark  could  sing  like  that  in  the  cold  and 
darkness  ?  For  the  moon  was  sinking,  and  the  dead  gloom 
that  precedes  the  dawn  wrapped  the  woods.  She  realized 
the  disadvantage  of  her  position.  If  the  men  were  in 
ambush  they  could  see  or  at  least  hear  her,  while  she  had 
no  clew  as  to  their  whereabouts.  She  dismounted  with 
difficulty,  for  she  was  almost  benumbed.  One  of  her  little 
slippers  sunk  in  the  snow  and  she  could  not  find  it.  She 
tied  Cigale  to  a  sapling  and  crept  along  on  a  bare  patch  of 
ground  behind  a  drift,  trembling  with  apprehension  as  the 
creaking  of  the  coach  drew  nearer.  At  last  the  keen  vib- 
ratory air  brought  her  a  sound  like  a  whisper.  She  listened 
intently. 

"  Down !"  it  said,  "  down  !"  She  obeyed  and  crept  along 
a  little  on  her  knees  in  the  snow.  It  did  not  occur  to  her  to 
suspect  any  treachery ;  she  felt  sure  that  it  was  the  voice  of 
a  friend  who  spoke.  Another  moment  and  her  face  almost 
touched  that  of  a  savage  figure  that  crouched  behind  a  huge 
clump  of  juniper  bushes.  It  was  an  Indian  with  war-paint 
on  his  face  and  a  jagged  crown  of  feathers  about  his  head. 
He  put  his  hands  on  her  shoulders  and  spoke  to  keep  her 
from  any  audible  expression  of  alarm. 

"  Trailing-Feather,"  he  said,  "me  Trailing-Feather." 
The  girl  looked  closer.  There  was  no  mistake.  This  man, 
half-civilized  for  years,  had  suddenly  relapsed  into  savagery. 

4 'You  were  hurt."    She  could  not  understand  how  h* 


280  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

came  there.  He  pointed  to  his  bandaged  leg  and  head  and 
put  her  hand  on  something  warm  and  firm  behind  him. 
It  was  the  leg  of  his  mustang  pony. 

"  Trailing-Feather  said  he  come"  was  all  he  said.  Sud- 
denly he  threw  himself  forward.  Delphine  could,  detect  no 
sound,  but  the  Indian,  with  an  excited  gesture,  threw  his 
arm  around  her  and  crept  like  a  shadow  through  the  trees. 
She  clung  to  his  shoulder  and  shuddered  as  the  song  and 
the  pressure  of  the  sleigh-runners  on  the  snow  grew  louder 
and  closer,  and  then  the  song  ceased,  and  in  place  of  the 
creaking  sound  of  the  sleigh  there  was  a  snorting  and  plung- 
ing of  horses.  The  Indian  gave  a  leap,  placed  her  on  the 
ground,  and  vanished.  She  strained  her  fearful  eyes.  She 
was  on  the  side  of  the  road  not  a  dozen  steps  from  the  coach. 
The  lanterns  of  the  latter  threw  out  a  dim  light  and  she 
could  see  a  few  objects.  The  horses  were  trying  to  break 
away  from  two  men  who  were  holding  them  and  whom  she 
rightly  took  to  be  her  brothers,  for  the  lithe  figure  that  was 
climbing  up  the  coach  like  a  panther  was  that  of  the  voy- 
ageur.  It  all  flashed  before  her  in  a  moment.  She  saw 
Du  Quesne  grasp  Mark  by  the  throat  and  raise  aloft  a  hand 
clinching  a  gleaming  knife.  Then  she  raised  her  right 
hand  with  the  pistol  in  it  and  pulled  the  trigger.  The 
voyageur's  arm  dropped,  and  he  fell  from  the  coach  like  a 
wounded  tiger  clawing  and  snarling.  The  moment  the  shot 
was  fired  something  unbelieveable  happened.  The  roll  of 
furs  on  the  top  of  the  coach  just  back  of  Mark's  seat  showed 
a  head  and  a  gleam  of  a  musket.  The  robe  at  his  feet  grew 
into  two  heads  and  two  gleaming  muskets.  Every  little 
window  of  the  coach  was  transformed  into  a  port-hole  and 
and  showed  its  musket,  back  of  which  there  were  undoubt- 
edly heads.  The  clumsy  craft  seemed  to  have  become  a 
veritable  hydra.  Out  of  the  door  stepped  the  reassuring 
figure  of  Lieut.  Cross,  holding  a  lantern  that  illuminated  a 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.  281 

wide  triangle  ot  snow.  This,  you  must  understand,  took 
place  simultaneously  witli  Delphine's  pistol  shot.  The 
gleam  of  a  soldier's  lantern  lit  up  the  figure  of  the  girl  with 
her  arm  still  raised,  and  it  showed  her  brothers  motionless 
under  cover  of  the  soldiers'  muskets.  Arnott  had  the  horses 
well  in  hand  by  this  time.  The  Lieutenant  with  two  men 
at  his  back  stepped  up  to  Alphonse  and  Pierre. 

"Gentlemen,"  he  said,  "I  see  you  arrived  with  your  sister 
just  in  time  to  help  us  prevent  a  very  serious  catastrophe. 
Pray  enter  the  coach  with  us."  The  young  men  said  not  a 
word,  but  moved  to  the  door  of  the  vehicle  in  front  of  the 
soldiers.  "  Two  of  my  men  will  take  back  your  horses.  It 
is  warmer  for  you  in  here."  Arnott  was  bearing  a  motion- 
less figure  that  made  no  response  as  he  spoke.  Tenderly 
he  lifted  it  into  the  capacious  coach.  The  men  unbuttoned 
the  capote  which  enveloped  Delphine's  form.  In  one  hand 
still  tightly  grasped  was  the  pistol.  Below  the  dainty  petti- 
coats her  snow-covered  feet  protruded,  one  in  its  high-heeled 
French  slipper,  the  other  stiff  and  immovable  with  the 
silken  stocking  frozen  tight  to  the  flesh.  A  prolonged  hor- 
rible sound  rung  through  the  woods.  It  was  a  single  voice 
giving  the  war-whoop  of  the  Pottawattamies.  It  penetrated 
through  Delphine's  recovering  senses. 

"Trailing-Feather,"  she  whispered.  "I  saw  him — " 
She  shuddered  and  could  not  proceed.  A  moment  later 
she  pointed  to  the  snow.  "The  voyageur." 

The  men  who  were  keeping  guard  over  the  fallen  man 
were  conversing  in  low  tones.  The  Lieutenant  held  his 
held  his  lantern  over  the  prostrate  form.  The  blood  was 
gushing  from  a  knife  thrust  in  the  heart,  and  where  had 
waved  the  luxuriant  curls  of  Hippolyte  Du  Quesne,  was  a 
bleeding  and  severed  scalp.  They  tied  his  body  to  the  top 
of  the  coach  and  covered  it  with  furs. 


282          STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO 

k'  Arnott,5'  said  the  gracious  Lieutenant,  "  I  think  I  can 
manage  tlie  horses  now.  You  go  inside." 

They  pursued  their  silent  way.  The  sleepy  soldiers 
yawned  or  dreamed  ;  the  brothers  Bernard  sat  brooding  ; 
on  the  rear  seat  Delphine  lay  enveloped  in  furs,  and  beside 
her  on  the  floor,  holding  her  hand  and  happiest  to  be  silent 
sat  her  lover,  Mark  Arnott.  The  cold  dawn  broke  upon 
them  and  outshone  the  light  of  the  lanterns  with  its  power- 
The  smoke  of  early  fires  curled  from  the  chimneys  of  occa- 
sional farm  houses.  Here  and  there  the  sharp  concussion 
of  an  ax  split  the  ai*,  and  twice  a  hearty  voice  sent  a  halloo 
after  the  always-welcomed  coach — the  one  link  these  pio- 
neers had  to  Eastern  civilization.  Presently  they  neared  the 
town,  entered  it,  and  swung  into  a  broad,  slushy  street  at  a 
slow  trot.  Old  Joseph  Bernard  was  standing  at  the  tavern 
door,  ghastly  in  his  party  splendor.  His  twitching  hands 
played  with  a  huge  silver  chain  that  adorned  his  brocaded 
waiscoat  or  clutched  the  straggling  ends  of  his  tie.  He  spoke 
never  a  word,  but  gazed  like  a  soul  in  torment.  The  Lieu- 
tenant drew  up  his  horses. 

"Well,  Bernard,"  he  shouted,  uwe  brought  back  your  dau- 
ghter and  your  sons  as  safe  as  they  left  you,  and  a  mighty 
good  turn  they  did  us  tonight,  too.  We  poor  fighting 
fellows  might  have  gone  on  pretty  short  allowance  if  it 
hadn't  been  for  them.  The  sneaking  voyageur  is  dead.  All 
is  well.  Arnott  is  with  us,  safe.  But,  my  old  friend,  another 
time  keep  those  pretty  lads  of  yours  at  home.  They  are 
too  young  for  such  exploits."  By  this  time  he  had  dis- 
mounted, and  his  six  men  stood  behind  him.  He  saluted 
Bernard  and  marched  off  followed  by  the  soldiers 
to  the  fort.  Joseph  Bernard's  sons  stepped  past 
their  father  into  the  room.  The  old  man  looked 
at  them  sadly.  His  little  sons  !  How  they  had 
grown  !  Men  they  were  now.  What  was  the  horrible  thing 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.  283 

they  were  to  do  ?  Was  there  blood  on  their  hands  ?  He 
looked  to  see  if  it  was  actually  there.  By  a  caprice  of  mem- 
ory he  went  suddenly  back  to  the  time  when  he  had  taught 
them  to  shoot  marbles  with  their  dirty  little  lingers.  He 
was  a  Frenchman  and  he  threw  one  arm  around  each  son's 
neck  and  wept. 

Mark  had  placed  Delphine  in  a  chair  by  the  smoldering 
fire.  After  a  while  Bernard  went  over  by  her.  He  looked 
at  Mark  piteously.  He  knew  that  he  was  completely  in  the 
mail-carrier's  power.  Arnottheld  out  his  hand  and  smiled 
frankly. 

"I  have  come  to  tell  you,  Mr.  Bernard,  that  I  am  to 
marry  your  daughter  one  week  from  today.  We  will  begin 
the  new  year  with  a  fresh  life." 

The  old  man  accepted  this  mild  sentence  with  tears  of 
gratitude. 

"We  will — new  year — fresh  life,"  Bernard  said  chokingly. 
New  Year's-Day  came  in  a  glory  of  hoar-frost  and  icicles  that 
jingled  with  the  wedding-bells.  One  faithful  friend  did  not 
hear  them. 

Trailing-Feather  never  returned. 


RARE  TALES  OF  SPOOKS. 


GHOST  YARNS  FOR  THE  CURIOUS. 


Chicago  Specters  That  Played  Hob  with  Early  Citizens— A  Prairie  Wraith — 
Slamming  Doors  at  Midnight— A  Phenomenal  Mule. 


The  question  of  ghosts  is  one  which  admits  of  no  middle 
view.  One  must  either  believe  there  are  or  are  not  ghosts. 
And  yet  but  a  comparatively  few  years  back  the  ghost 
would  have  found  many  supporters  and  admirers  even 
among  the  most  intelligent,  while  among  the  commoner 
class  he  was  almost  universally  respected  as  well  as  feared. 


284  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

The  delicious  thrill  of  terror  that  crept  down  the  spine  of 
the  youngster  as,  having  spent  an  evening  in  listening  t.< 
the  witch  tales  of  some  venerable  grandam,  he  stole  home- 
ward, his  heated  fancy  turning  every  painted  post  into  a 
white-robed  specter,  will  never  be  forgotten  by  those  who 
have  experienced  it.  But  now,  alas!  his  ghostship  has  fled 
before  the  onward  march  of  civilization;  or,  if  indeed  he  do 
remain,  he  is  but  a  tame,  spiritless,  and  altogether  uninter- 
esting ghost,  an  unfit  descendant  of  his  ghastly  and  terrible 
ancestor,  the  ghost  of  the  past. 

"Speaking  of  ghosts,"  said  an  old  resident  of  Chicago, 
the  other  evening,  "the  ghosts  nowadays  ain't  worth  no- 
ticing. I  tell  you,  boys,  you  ought  to  have  been  in  Chi- 
cago thirty  or  forty  years  ago.  Why,  the  city  was  full  of 
'em  then — first  class  ones  too.  None  of  your  cowardly 
sneaking  ghosts  that  go  around  rapping  on  tables  and  don't 
dare  show  themselves,  but  regular  blood  and  brimstone 
ghosts  that  would  make  your  hair  stand  on  end  and  just 
scare  the  life  out  of  you.  Every  street  had  its  own  particu- 
lar favorite  spook,  and  if  he  were  caught  oft  from  his  beat 
the  police  were  sent  out  to  fetch  him  in.  There's  no  use  in 
talking,  there  ain't  a  decent,  respectable  ghost  in  Chicago 
today." 

THE   PRAIRIE    SPECTER. 

One  of  the  earliest  and,  at  one  time,  best-known  ghosts  to 
visit  Chicago  had  its  haunts  on  the  prairie  adjoining  what 
was  then  the  northwestern  part  of  the  city.  It  is  more  than 
forty  years  since  this  restless  spirit  vanished  forever  from 
earthly  scenes,  and  it  is  doubtful  if  there  are  more  than  a  doz- 
en people  now  living  in  the  city  who  will  remember  the  some- 
what eccentric  career  of  this  remarkable  "spook."  Instead  of 
choosing  the  appropriate  midnight  hour,  when  churchyards 
are  popularly  supposed  to  yawn,  for  its  airing  on  upper  earth, 
this  ghost  chose  the  early  evening  for  its  rambles,  and  was 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.          285 

usually  visible  on  moonlit  evenings  shortly  after  nightfall, 
when  it  would  glide  through  the  atmosphere,  its  single  gar- 
ment of  somewhat  yellowish-white  trailing  just  above  the 
tops  of  the  prairie  grass — doubtless  correctly  believing  that 
it  would  find  more  admirers  at  that  time  than  at  the  later 
hour  when  all  honest  people  are  supposed  to  be  in  bed.  The 
figure  was  that  of  a  woman  with  straggly  hair  of  ebon  hue, 
both  arms  streched  before  her,  as  if  in  vain  attempt  to  grasp 
a  situation  or  something  else  that  had  been  lost.  She  was 
the  terror  of  the  vicinity,  but  she  had  one  excellent  quality 
— she  kept  the  unruly  children  in  the  house,  when  parental 
discipline  had  failed  to  produce  the  same  eifect.  Her  age, 
nationality,  and  former  condition  were  never  discovered,  for 
there  was  none  bold  or  disrespectful  enough  to  intrude  on 
her  privacy  with  impertinent  questions.  But  at  last  she  was 
missed  from  her  accustomed  haunts  and  seen  no  more.  It  is 
presumed  that  she  had  found  what  she  was  looking  for  and 
gone  to  bed  to  sleep  the  long  sleep  of  peace. 

THE    WEST   INDIANA   STREET   GHOST. 

The  West  Indiana  street  ghost,  equally  as  eccentric  but  in 
a  different  way,  fulfilled  its  mission  on  earth  a  few  years 
later.  It  confined  its  presence  to  one  house  long  since  pull- 
ed down  to  make  way  tor  more  costly  edifices.  A  very  res- 
pectable family  occupied  this  house,  and  had  occupied  it 
undisturbed  for  some  time.  The  locality  was  not  thickly 
settled  and  consequently  was  quiet  and  peaceable.  So  far 
as  was  known  no  crime  had  ever  been  committed  there  and 
there  was  no  earthly  reason  for  any  unearthly 'visitations. 
But  one  morning  it  was  discovered  that  every  door  on  the 
lower  floor  of  the  house,  though  all  had  certainly  been  closed 
at  night,  was  wide  open.  A  thorough  search  revealed  that 
nothing  had  been  stolen,  so  the  theory  of  burglars  had  to  be 
abandoned.  The  same  thing  occured  the  next  night  and  the 
family  began  to  feel  uneasy.  The  third  night  a  portion  of 


286  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

the  older  members  of  the  household  remained  awake  to  in- 
vestigate. Toward  midnight  the  soit,  creaking  noise  of  a 
door  being  slowly  opened  was  heard,  followed  by  a  violent 
bang  as  it  was  suddenly  shut.  The  same  thing  followed  in 
quick  succession  as  to  three  other  doors,  and  then  all  was 
still. 

The  rapidity  with  which  this  was  done  was  such  that  be 
fore  the  head  of  the  house  could  recover  from  his  astonish- 
ment and  rush  down  the  stairs  the  ghostly  fun  was  over  and 
nothing  whatever  of  an  unusual  nature  was  visible.  After 
an  hour  of  waiting  and  watching  the  family  went  to  bed  a- 
gain,  when  the  banging  once  more  commenced  and  was  kept 
up  at  brief  intervals  for  an  hour.  The  next  night  gave  a 
repetition  of  the  performance  and  also  the  next.  The 
morning  after,  tired  of  this  monotonous  entertainment,  the 
gentlman  decided  to  move,  and  went  out  to  hunt  for  another 
house.  For  some  of  those  reasons  which  married  men  are 
so  often  called  upon  to  explain — though  never  entirely  satis- 
factorily— he  was  detained  by  business  down-town,  and  the 
time  for  the  evening's  amusement  had  arrived  before  he 
returned  home. 

About  11  o'clock,  when  every  one  else  was  asleep  the 
lady  of  the  house,  from  her  room  up-stairs  heard  the  parlor 
door  creak.  Summoning  all  her  courage,  she  rushed  out  into 
the  hall,  and,  looking  over  the  baluster,  she  saw  the  figure 
of  what  appeared  to  be  a  child  3  or  4  years  of  age  swoop 
down,  head-first  from  some  unknown  hiding  place,  and  with 
both  hands  violently  slam  the  door  shut.  The  infant 
was  clad  in  a  single  flowing  garment  of  spotless 
white;  and  its  form  and  features  were  plainly  visible. 
The  lady  did  what  almost  any  other  lady  would  have  done 
in  like  circumstances — screamed  and  fainted  away,  her  last 
recollection  of  the  affair  being  that  of  seeing  the  infantile 
apparition  vanish  into  ethereal  nothingness.  Her  husband 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.  287 

arrived  upon  the  scene  just  in  time  to  hear  her  scream,  and 
soon  had  her  restored  to  consciousness.  But  her  terror  was 
such  that  she  refused  to  stay  in  the  house  another  night. 
And  she  didn't.  Another  place  had  been  secured,  and  the 
family  moved  next  day.  But  the  story  was  told  in  the 
neighborhood,  and  for  a  long  time  the  dwelling  was  empty. 
No  one  would  live  in  a  house  were  there  was  positively  one 
ghost  and  possibly  two—  one  on  each  side  of  a  door. 

THE   TUEN-COAT  MULE. 

One  of  the  most  remarkable  of  these  old-time  ghosts  was 
that  of  the  phosphorescent  mule  that  roamed  over  the  city 
north  of  31st  street  and  south  of  22d,  a  territory  at  that 
date  almost  barren  of  dwellings.  This  animal  had  browsed 
the  prairie  grass,  observed  by  few,  for  some  time,  and  those 
few  described  him  as  being  unmistakably  a  mule,  but  hav- 
ing a  degree  of  luminosity  that  enabled  him  to  be  seen  at  a 
great  distance.  No  one  had  the  temerity  to  attempt  to  ap- 
proach him,  for  .it  was  easy  to  see  that  it  was  no  earthly 
mule,  but  undeniably  and  unquestionably  an  infernal  mule. 

But  there  was  one  gentleman  in  the  vicinity  who  ridiculed 
and  scoffed  at  this  mongrel  specter,  and  declared  that  it 
was  only  the  creature  of  imagination  distorted  by  over- 
indulgence in  the  exhilarating  fluid  of  the  period,  denomin- 
ated ginandsugar.  It  was  to  this  gentleman  that  befell  the 
somewhat  singular  incident  herewith  related — doubtless  in- 
tended as  a  salutary  illustration  of  the  punishment  that 
awaits  all  scoffers  .  He  had  been  out  in  the  southern  suburbs 
one  afternoon  looking  over  some  lands,  and  at  a  way-side 
inn  had  met  some  gentlemen  residing  thereabouts,  talked 
over  the  land,  and  remained  to  supper.  It  was  toward  11 
o'clock  before  the  prospective  value  of  the  land  had  been 
decided  upon,  and  the  parties  started  homeward.  From 
31st  to  22d  street  was  then  only  a  barren  stretch  of  low, 
waste  land.  As  the  gentleman  was  crossing  this,  under  the 


288  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

pale  moonlight,  deeply  thinking  of  future  fortunes  in  that 
same  tract  of  land,  he  became  sensible  of  a  sort  of  "uncanny" 
feeling,  and,  on  looking  up,  to  his  intense  astonishment, 
not  to  say  terror,  he  saw  the  luminous  mule  approaching  him 
at  a  rapid  gait.  Petrified  by  his  mingled  emotions  he 
stood  speechless.  The  spectral  animal  came,  stood  before 
him,  and  in  a  firm  and  decisive  tone  said,  "Mount!"  "Well 
knowing  that  he  who  hesitates  is  lost,  he  tremblingly 
obeyed. 

A  furious  ride  began,  kept  up  till  nearly  across  the  stretch 
when  he  began  to  be  sensible  of  some  extraordinary  change. 
His  feet  touched  the  ground  and  he  drew  them  up.  The 
canter  had  been  transformed  into  a  sort  of  lope,  which 
gradually  settled  into  a  broken  trot ;  the  hair  had  become 
wool.  It  was  no  longer  a  mule — it  was  a  sheep !  Bewildered 
beyond  conception,  he  seized  the  animal  by  the  ears  and 
held  on.  A  few  paces  farther  and  there  was  another  tran- 
sition. The  wool  became  long,  curling  hair,  and  instead  of 
hoof-beats  he  heard  the  patter  of  cushioned  feet.  It  was 
not  a  sheep — it  was  a  Newfoundland  dog !  In  sheer  despair 
he  flung  himself  to  the  ground,  the  animal  gave  a  quick,  an- 
gry bark,  and  vanished.  The  gentleman  arose,  looked 
around,  and  found  himself  at  his  own  door. 

For  days  he  was  gloomy  and  silent ;  but  finally  he  told 
the  story,  and,  as  he  was  a  church  deacon  and  a  man  of 
great  veracity,  it  cannot  be  doubted.  But  the  luminous 
mule  was  seen  no  more.  There  are  persons  yet  living  in 
Chicago  who  have  seen,  or  at  least  have  seen  others  who 
have  seen  him. 

THE    BLOODY    HAND. 

The  West  Randolph  street  ghost  came  on  at  a  later  day 
and  its  history  is  familiar  to  many.  The  house  it  haunted 
still  stands,  a  gloomy  old  pile  of  dirty  brick.  It  is  one  of 
the  oldest  buildings  in  the  city,  and  its  upper  floor  is  said  to 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.          289 

have  been  the  scene  of  many  dark  crimes.  At  the  time  of 
his  ghostship  it  was  occupied  by  a  small  family,  the  hus- 
band's duties  keeping  him  away  nights.  They  had  been 
there  but  a  short  time  when,  late  one  night,  the  lady  heard 
footsteps,  soft  and  light,  ascending  the  two  flights  of  stairs. 
Somewhat  nervous,  she  awaited  breathlessly,  heard  them 
reach  the  top  landing,  and  after  a  short  pause,  turn  and  go 
down.  Night  after  night  this  was  repeated,  until,  unable 
to  bear  it  longer,  as  the  steps  neared  the  top  she  cautiously 
opened  the  door  and  put  out  her  head.  As  she  did  so  she 
saw  a  hand,  though  nobody  was  visible,  press  against  the 
other  side  and  push  with  such  force  that  she  was  obliged  to 
step  back  into  the  room. 

Unlike  other  women,  she  neither  screamed  nor  fainted. 
She  waited  till  the  steps  had  descended  the  stairs,  then 
placing  a  light  in  the  hall  and  locking  the  door  on  the  outside 
she  rushed  to  the  station,  a  short  distance  away,  and  told  the 
police.  Two  officers  returned  with  her.  She  unlocked  the 
door  and  went  in.  But  she  was  horrified  to  find  that  her 
baby,  which  she  had  left  in  bed  and  asleep,  was  gone.  The 
officers  searched  the  premises  and  found  it  in  the  stove 
oven — there  was  no  tire — and  her  pet  poodle-dog  was  hang- 
ing by  the  neck  to  a  door-knob,  tied  with  a  piece  of  ribbon 
she  declared  she  had  never  seen.  The  officers  remained 
with  her  the  rest  of  the  night,  but  all  was  quiet  as  usual. 

An  enterprising  reporter  found  it  out  and  published  the 
facts,  and  for  several  succeeding  nights  the  street  was 
thronged  with  people,  all  anxious  to  see  the  ghost,  but  it 
did  not  appear.  But  where  the  ghostly  hand  had  pressed 
the  door  were  five  plain  finger-marks  in  blood,  or  some- 
thing very  like  it,  seen  by  thousands.  The  people  moved 
away  and  the  rooms  were  long  vacant. 

THE  MURDERER'S  WRAITH. 

The  ghost  at  the  old  court  house  had  quite  a  run  during 


290         STOBIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

its  brief  engagement,  and  created  quite  a  sensation.  Long 
years  ago  the  gloomy  old  court  house,  with  its  memorable 
bell  tower,  stood  on  the  spot  now  occupied  by  the  city  and 
county  building.  The  jail  was  in  the  basement — a  low- 
ceiled,  uncomfortable  place.  Executions  then  as  now  took 
place  in  the  jail,  one  of  the  earliest  of  these  being  the  hang 
ing  of  two  murderers.  The  night  after  the  execution  the 
officers  and  inmates  were  startled  at  hearing  low,  moaning 
sounds,  gradually  swelling  into  shrieks,  which  rang 
through  the  halls  with  startling  distinctness.  Thorough  in- 
vestigation failed  to  discover  their  cause,  but  they  were 
pronounced  an  exact  counterpart  of  the  moans  and  shrieks 
of  one  of  the  victims  before  being  launched  into  eternity. 
Night  after  night  the  sounds  were  heard,  and  some  of  the 
prisoners  averred  that  they  had  seen  the  spirit  of  the  dead 
man  stalking  through  the  halls,  just  as  he  was  lifted  from 
the  scaffold  after  life  was  extinct.  It  was  a  reign  of  terror, 
but  finally  acquaintance  lessened  the  degree  of  fright,  and 
just  as  the  ghost  began  to  be  looked  upon  as  a  sort  of  mel- 
ancholy, though  harmless,  intruder  it  disappeared  from 
sight  and  hearing,  and  in  the  course  of  time  was  forgotten 
by  all  save  the  few  who  were  unbelievers  and  had  vainly 
tried  to  solve  the  mystery. — Chicago  JVews. 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.          291 
PHIL  HOYNE'S  MAY  STORY. 

THE  COMMISSIONER  TELLS  AN  ORIENTAL  TALE  OF  EARLY 
DAYS  IN  CHICAGO. 

''  The  first  of  May  in  early  years  in  Chicago  was  a  day  ot 
mirth  and  joy,"  remarked  United-  States  Commissioner 
Phil  Hoyne,  as  he  leaned  back  in  his  velvet-covered  easy- 
chair  and  stroked  hie  pet  ground-hog,  as  that  interesting 
little  animal  moved  airily  from  one  knee  to  the  other  and 
ate  ginger-snaps  out  of  a  paper  bag.  "Business  was  en- 
tirely suspended  and  everybody  let  himself  out,  so  to  speak, 
and  indulged  in  unconfined  but  innocent  hilarity.  On  May- 
day in  '43  some  of  us  young  fellows  got  up  a  hunting  party 
to  chase  rabbits  in  the  extensive  swamp  that  lay  where  the 
Pullman  building  and  Michigan  avenue  now  are.  There 
were  Johnnie  Wentworth,  Sile  Cobb,  Mark  Beaubien,  and 
myself,  and  we  started  out  at  sunrise,  in  high  glee,  with  our 
patent  repeating  rifles  and  elegant  hunting-suits.  All  the 
ladies  turned  out  to  see  us  and  admire  our  magnificent  ap- 
pearance. I  tell  you  we  did  look  fine  marching  down  State 
street,  with  our  jaunty  hats  and  our  yellow  leather  leggins. 
We  all  had  dogs,  but  mine  was  the  boss  of  them  all.  He 
was  a  bull- dog  presented  to  me  by  Wish-ton-Wish,  a 
celebrated  Indian  chief,  whose  personal  friendship  I  was 
honored  with.  Wish-ton-Wish  means,  "The  Chief  who 
Wears  a  Shirt,"  and  the  name  was  a  delicate  aboriginal  com- 
pliment to  the  brave's  personal  habits.  He  was  a  nice, 
clean  man,  indeed,  and  I  thought  a  great  deal  of  him.  But 
I  was  telling  you  about  the  dog.  Well,  he  and  I  together 
came  mighty  near  depopulating  that  swamp  of  rabbits.  He 
pointed  covey  after  covey  of  them,  and  when  I  got  tired 
shooting  he  killed  'em  himself  and  stacked  them  up  cross 
wise  of  each  other  in  front  of  me.  He  was  a  bully  dog,  but 
he  is  dead,  too,  like  the  old  chief  who  wore  a  shirt. 


292  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

"About  noon  we  hired  a  truck  and  loaded  our  game  into 
it  and  went  home.  We  gave  the  populace  a  barbecue,  at 
which  I  made  a  speech,  which  was  received  with  tumul- 
tuous applause,  and  toward  sundown  I  got  out  my  canoe 
and  paddled  down  the  river.  Although  there  was  snow  on 
the  lake  front,  down  on  the  banks  of  the  creek  the  grass  was 
growing  green  and  the  air  was  as  mild  and  balmy  as  it  is 
in  Florida.  The  atmospheric  conditions  were  different  in 
those  days  and,  besides,  the  towering  buildings  that  raised 
their  roofs  to  the  sky  before  the  fire,  kept  off  the  cold,  bleak 
wind  from  the  lake. 

"The  day  was  fresh  and  sweet  and  the  bosom  of  the  creek 
was  as  placid  as  if  it  had  never  been  ruffled  by  the  wheels  of 
hurrying  tugboats.  I  let  the  paddle  hang  listlessly  from 
the  side  of  the  canoe  and  thought  sadly  of  the  man 
who  had  given  the  boat  to  me—  To-He-To — last  of  the 
Pottawatomie  nation.  The  very  nature  of  the  day  was  con- 
ducive to  music  and  I  broke  suddenly  into  a  song.  'I  bet 
my  money  on  a  bobtail  nag,  doo-dah,  doo  dah,  da.'  I  sang 
and  a  group  of  maidens  took  up  the  refrain  and  sent  it 
echoing  across  the  river  in  silvery  sweetness.  I  was  a  good 
singer  in  those  days  and  as  I  rowed  around  I  would  often 
carol  forth  and  people  in  the  neighborhood  would  laugh 
and  remark:  'There  goes  young  Phil  Hoyne.  How  happy 
he  is!'  The  girls  used  to  say  that  I  was  like  a  Venetian 
gondolier,  only  a  little  better.  Tall  and  lithe  and  active,  I 
was  indeed  a  picturesque  sight.  As  I  shot  past  Lake  street  in 
my  gondola  the  boys  and  girls  were  dancing  around  a  tall 
May- pole  which  they  had  erected  and  crowned  with  Jacque- 
minot roses,  culled  in  their  native  freshness  from  the  neigh- 
boring fields.  At  Franklin  street  the  muskrats  came  out  to 
look  at  me  and  down  further  mariners  emerged  trom  their 
domiciles  and  watched  my  boat  speed  onward. 

"It  was  dusk  when  I  reached  home,  tired  but  happy  at 


STOE1ES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.          293 

having  spent  a  day  in  such  innocent  diversions.  Last  May- 
day I  tried  the  same  thing,  but  I  had  to  take  my  grandson 
along  to  hold  an  umbrella  over  me  to  keep  off  the  rain. 
My  boat  ran  into  everything  from  a  floating  plank  to  a 
propeller,  and  when  I  got  home  I  had  the  awfullest  pain 
in  my  back.  Alas,  for  the  good  old  days  !"  and  Mr. 
Hoyne  heaved  a  deep  sigh,  put  the  ground-hog  into  a 
waste  paper  basket,  and  went  out  with  Mr.  Dawes  to 
enjoy  the  prospect. 


A  REMARKABLE  EXPLOSION. 


Sunday  morning,  August  29,  1886,  Chicago  and  places  in 
its  immediate  vicinity  were  startled  by  a  sudden  jar,  fol- 
lowed by  a  dull  thud,  as  of  a  distant  gun  of  large  size.  It 
was  sufficiently  violent  to  shake  buildings  six  miles  distant, 
so  that,  although  a  very  severe  thunderstorm  was  occuring 
at  the  time,  guests  in  some  of  the  hotels  rushed  frantically 
downstairs,  suspecting  an  earthquake.  Plaster  fell  in  the 
Immanuel  Church,  more  than  five  miles  away,  so  that  it 
was  at  first  supposed  to  have  been  struck  by  lightning,  and 
a  large  plate-glass  window  in  the  Board  of  Trade  building, 
about  seven  miles  distant,  was  cracked,  and  the  clock  on  its 
tower  was  put  back  three  seconds.  An  examination  showed 
that  Laflin  &  Rand's  powder  magazine,  one  of  a  group  of 
eleven,  standing  on  a  comparatively  open  area  of  some  forty 
acres,  about  a  mile  and  a  half  west  of  the  village  of  Brighton, 
seven  miles  distant  from  the  center  of  the  city,  had  explo- 
ded, being  struck  by  lightning.  It  contained  at  the  time 
some  fifty  tons  of  ordinary  gunpowder  and  fifteen  tons  of 
dynamite.  The  brick  walls  of  the  building  were  pulverized 
and  scattered  over  a  wide  area  ;  the  limestone  foundation 
was  torn  up,  and  a  large  part  of  the  material  broken  into 
small  pieces,  the  most  of  it  carried  through  the  air  from 


294  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

forty  to  eighty  rods ;  and  a  hole  was  torn  in  the  ground, 
there  mainly  tough  clay,  about  150  feet  long,  forty  feet  wide, 
and  from  ten  to  twenty  feet  deep.  All  the  buildings  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  were  demolished,  while  those  which  stood 
within  reach  of  the  flying  stones  were  more  or  less  riddled. 
The  loss  of  life  was  very  small,  considering  the  extent  of 
the  damage,  only  one  person  having  been  killed  outright, 
although  several  others  were  severely  injured,  of  whom 
some  have  since  died. 

Such  are  the  primary  facts  connected  with  the  explosion 
itself.  An  examination  of  the  ground  in  the  vicinity,  and 
of  many  of  the  buildings  ruined  near  by,  together  with  others 
at  considerable  distance  more  or  less  injured,  has  developed 
certain  minor  facts  that  bear  upon  the  general  subject  of  ex- 
plosions. Especially  do  they  seem  to  show  that  such  explo- 
sions may  produce  an  earth-wave  which  may  do  damage  at 
great  distances,  the  undulation  of  the  ground  displacing  ob- 
jects, cracking  walls,  and  shattering  glass  much  like  an 
earthquake  in  miniature.  Sometimes  this  may  possibly 
prove  the  source  of  the  principal  destruction. — Professor 
L.  R.  F.  Griffin,  in  Popular  Science  Monthly. 


THE  FOURTH  IN  1836. 


HOW  THE  DAY  WAS  CELEBRATED  IN  CHICAGO. 

I  landed  in  Chicago  the  morning  of  July  2,  1836,  after  a 
tiresome  journey  of  seventeen  days  from  Buffalo  on  the  old 
steamer  Illinois.  Where  the  Wells  Street  Depot  now  stands 
there  was  then  an  encampment  of  Indians,  which  we  visited 
during  the  day  and  watched  the  antics  of  a  medicine  man 
over  his  patient.  That  night  we  occupied  part  of  a  small 
log  house  on  Randolph  street  near  the  river.  This  was  our 
home  for  some  time.  All  that  night  the  town  was  patrolled 


STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.          295 

by  the  soldiers,  but  there  were  no  disturbances.  When  we 
arose  the  next  morning  we  found  every  one  discussing  the 
prospect  of  a  canal.  Part  of  the  Fourth  of  July  celebration 
the  next  day,  in  fact,  was  to  consist  in  breaking  the  first 
sod  for  the  canal.  A  national  salute  of  heavy  artillery 
awakened  every  one  bright  and  early  the  next  morning. 
A  shower  had  fallen  during  the  night,  and  the  air  was  clear 
and  cool.  After  breakfast  I  started  for  Canalport,  as  it  was 
then  called,  about  5  miles  from  Chicago,  where  the  cere- 
mony of  sticking  the  first  spade  into  the  ground  for  the  canal 
was  to  take  place. 

Everything  that  would  float  was  brought  into  requisition 
to  carry  passengers.  The  fleet  consisted  of  a  small  steamer 
of  light  draft,  called  the  Chicago,  a  scow,  two  long-boats, 
four  yawls,  two  skiffs  and  three  canoes,  carrying  in  all  about 
two  hundred  persons.  After  we  had  arrived  at  Canalport 
the  orator  stepped  out  in  front  of  the  crowd,  wet  his  lips  with 
whisky — we  couldn't  drink  the  water  in  those  days,  for 
fear  of  chills  and  fever — and  stuck  a  shovel  into  the  ground. 
In  his  speech  he  pictured  in  glowing  colors  the  great  advan- 
tages the  entire  West,  and  Chicago  in  particular,  would 
derive  from  the  canal.  His  remarks  were  received  with 
enthusiasm,  and  he  was  frequently  applauded.  Then  another 
orator  came  to  the  front,  took  a  pull  from  a  bottle,  and 
began  to  speak.  He  said  that  he  endorsed  the  views  of  the 
first  speaker  as  to  the  benefits  to  be  derived  from  the  canal 
if  it  could  be  constructed.  "But,  gentlemen,"  said  he,  "it 
can  never  be  finished.  Where  are  the  men  coming  from  who 
will  undertake  this  mighty  work?  Where  is  the  food  coming 
from  to  feed  them  with  flour  $25  a  barrel,  pork  22  cents  a 
pound,  potatoes  $2  a  bushel,  butter  75  cents  a  pound,  and 
even  at  that  price  impossible  to  obtain  except  in  cases  of 
sickness.  Suppose  we  can  get  all  these,  where  is  the  money 
coming  from  to  pay  the  men,  and  the  grain  to  feed  their 


296  STORIES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO. 

teams?  No,  gentlemen,  the  canal  will  never  be  built." 

Then  a  third  orator  stepped  forth  from  the  ranks.  He 
spit  on  his  hands,  thrust  the  spade  deeper  into  the  ground 
and  proceeded  to  take  a  more  hopeful  view  of  the  case. 
"We  haven't  come  here,"  said  he,  "to  talk  of  failures  and 
I  am  sorry  that  we  have  such  a  disconsolate  gentleman  as 
the  last  speaker  in  our  midst.  The  canal  will  be  built. 
Men,  teams,  food  and  money  will  all  be  forthcoming  in  due 
time.  Who  knows  into  what  the  West  may  develop  ?  It 
may  be  the  garden  spot  of  the  world.  Who  knows  what 
will  happen  in  fifty  years?  You  and  I  may  not  live  to  see 
it,  but  our  children  and  grandchildren  may  live  to  see  the 
day  when  Chicago  is  a  city  of  10,000  inhabitants." 

Although  the  speaker  was  called  an  enthuiast,  his  object 
was  attained,  and  hope  once  more  revived.  At  the  conclu- 
sion of  the  speech  we  all  started  back  to  Chicago  to  finish 
the  Fourth  of  July  celebration  there;  not,  however,  before 
witnessing  a  lively  little  fight  between  men  in  the  crowd, 
who  had  taken  too  much  whisky.  When  we  arrived  at 
Lake  street  we  saw  twenty-two  yoke  of  oxen  hitched  to  a 
cannon,  and  we  thought  that  they  should  take  part  in  the 
celebration.  One  of  Chicago's  noted  characters,  old  Ira 
Pennoyer,  was  chosen  marshal.  He  was  mounted  on  an  old 
white  horse,  with  ropes  for  a  bridle  and  a  bag  stuffed  with 
hay  for  a  saddle.  The  rats  had  eaten  holes  in  the  bag,  and 
the  hay  protruded  from  each  end  making  the  sight  still  more 
ridiculous.  Pennoyer  was  coatless  and  shoeless.  His  trous- 
ers were  several  inches  too  short  for  him  and  the  sleeves  ot 
his  shirt  had  been  torn  off.  Upon  his  head  was  a  ragged 
straw  hat,  through  the  holes  in  which  his  gray  hair  stuck  up 
like  porcupine  quills.  Fastened  to  the  rim  of  his  hat  was  a 
ribbon  bearing  the  words,  "Independence,  1836,  Chicago, 
111."  In  his  hand  he  carried  a  scythe  which  he  flourished  like 
a  sword.  Such  was  the  marshal  of  the  ox-team  division, 


STOB1ES  AND  SKETCHES  OF  CHICAGO.          297 

which  was  the  most  conspicuous  feature  of  the  parade. 
There  were  ten  drivers,  each  decorated  with  badges  inscribed 
with,  the  words,  "Independence,  1836,  Chicago."  The 
badges  were  printed  on  a  press  which  William  Stewart 
brought  with  him  from  the  East  in  1835,  and  which  is 
now  in  my  possession.  When  the  line  of  march  was 
taken  up  the  cannon  was  discharged  at  every  street 
crossing  by  the  four  gunners  who  accompanied.  Behind 
the  cannon  rode  George  White,  the  colored  auctioneer. 
He  was  dressed  in  the  full  uniform  of  the  Continental 
army,  and  every  time  the  cannon  was  fired  he  would 
ring  a  big  bell  and  sing  out,  "Ho,  my  noble  freighters, 
call  and  see  us  to-night.  We  have  the  best  of  every- 
thing, and  can  make  your  fortune  without  fail." 

All  the  oM  settlers  will  remember  George  White.  He 
used  to  supply  the  city  with  water,  and  used  to  charge  a 
long  bit  a  barrel  for  lake  water  and  a  short  bit  for  river 
water. 

DR.  L.  TUCKER. 


"Baltimore  t  Ohio, 
Chicago  4  Alton,, 


Chicago  *  Atlantic, 
Chicago.  BurTingf  on  4  Qulacy, 
Chicago  4  Eastern  Illinois, 
Chicazp  4  Grand  Trunk,. 
Chicago,  Milwaukee  4  St.P.aul,       3 
,  ve'  Chicago  4  North  W 

Chicago,  Bock  Island  £ -Pacific 
Chicago,  St.Louis  4.  Pittsburgj 
Chicago,  4  Western.Indiana. 
lllinoia  Central, 
lake  Shore.4  Michigan  So 
t^ls't\l<n»J«Tille,Tfeir  Albanj  4  ChlcagOj  4 
^lichisan  Central,  1 

s\^*ew  York,. Chicago  iEt.Louiil,       j. 
t^ittsTiurg,  Tt.Wa/ne  4  Chicago,        3 
h,  St.Louis  4  Pacific,  8 


DEPOT 

^ 
ICAGvQ 


D.  L.  MOODY'S 

ANECDOTES  AND  ILLUSTRATIONS. 


COMPRISING  ALL  OF  ^.  MOODY'S  ANECDOTES  AND  ILLUS- 
TRATIONS USED  BY  HIM  IN  HIS 

Revival  Work  in  Europe  and  America} 


ALSO  - 


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Beautifully  bound  in  cloth  and  gold;  8  vo.,  200  pages.    Illustrated. 

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the  pen,  pencil,  press  and  bindery.  It  is  sure  to  please. 

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alligator,  gilt  edge,  cushioned  sides,  $3.00  ;  full  morocco  and  gilt,  $4.00. 


(poefic 


'earl 


Is  a  volume  the  same  as  "  Gems  of  Poetry,"  except  bound  in  a  different  shape — for 
those  who  want  a  cheape  book  of  standard  poetry. 

Cloth,  gilt  back  and  side,  beveled  boards,  $1.00 ,  cloth,  full  gilt,  $1.50 ;  full 
alligator,  gilt  edge,  cushioned  sides,  $2.50  ;  full  morocco  and  gilt,  $3.50. 


LIRGOLN'S   ST0RIES. 

This  is  a  large  octavo  volume,  containing  the  stories  told 
by  President  Lincoln,  including: 

Early  Life  Stories,  Professional  Life  Stories,    White  House 
Stories,  War  Stories  and  Miscellaneous  Stories. 


POPULAR,  ENTERTAINING,  INSTRUCTIVE,  USEFUL 

Handsomely  printed,  bound  and  illustrated.    Price,  cloth,  gilt  back  and  side 
beveled  boards,  $1.00. 

ABE   LINCOLN   STORIES  in  German,    Cloth,  gilt  back  and 

side,  beveled  boards,  $1.00. 

AGENTS  WANTED. 

Rhodes  &  McClure  Pub.  Co., 

CHICAGO,  ILL. 


PRI0E  LIST. 

•Vgents  will  find  the  following:  very  fast  selling  books.  They  are 
popular  and  entertaining.  We  shall  be  pleased  to  correspond  with 
customers  or  agents  about  our  publications. 

OUTFIT  NO.   I. 

GEMS  OF   POETRY. 

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and  gilt,  84.00. 

POETIC   PEARLS. 

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side  and  edges,  beveled,  81.50;  full  calf  and  gilt,  82.50;  full  morocco 
and  gilt,  83.50. 

ABE   LINCOLN  STORIES. 

Cloth,  gilt  back  and  side,  beveled  boards,  81.00. 
ABE  LINCOLN  STORIES,  German.    Cloth,  gilt  back 
and  side,  beveled  boards,  81.00. 

OUTFIT   NO.  2. 

MOODY'S   CHILD  STORIES. 

Cloth,  gilt  back  and  side,  beveled  boards,  81.00. 

MOODY'S  ANECDOTES  and  ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Cloth,  gilt  back  and  side,  beveled  boards,  81.00. 

SAM.  JONES'  ANECDOTES 

AND   ILLUSTRATIONS. 

Cloth,  gilt  back  and  side,  beveled  boards,  81.00. 

SAM.  JONES'  SERMONS,  No.  1.  Cloth, gilt  back  and 
side,  beveled  boards,  81.25. 

SAM.  JONES'  SERMONS,  No.  2.  Cloth,  gilt  back  and 
side,  beveled  boards,  81.25.  Both  volumes  in  box,  82.50. 

OUTFIT    NO.  3. 

INGERSOLUS  GREAT  SPEECHES 

COMPLETE. 

Cloth,  gilt  back  and  side,  beveled  boards,  81.50;  full  calf  and 
gilt,  83.00. 

INGERSOLL'S  WIT,  WISDOM  and  ELOQUENCE. 
Cloth,  gilt  back  and  side,  beveled  boards,  81.00. 

INGERSOLL'S  MISTAKES,  by  the  CLERGY,  and 
INGERSOLL'S  ANSWERS,  COMPLETE,  WITH 
LECTURES.  Cloth,  gilt  back  and  side,  beveled  boards,  82.00; 
full  oalf  and  gilt,  $3.00. 


THE  AODIPEONE. 


GOOD  NEWS  FOR  THE  DEAF. 


An  Instrument  that  Enables  Deaf  Persons  to  Hear  Ordinary  Con- 
versation Readily  Through  the  Medium  of  the  Teeth,  and 
those  Born  Deaf  and  Dumb   to  Hear  and  Learn 
to  Speak.     How  it  is  Done,  Etc. 


The  Audiphone  is  a  new  instrument  made  of  a  peculiar 
composition,  possessing  the  property  of  gathering  the  faint- 
est sounds  (somewhat  similar  to  a  telephone  diaphragm), 
and  conveying  them  to  the  auditory  nerve,  through  the 
medium  of  the  teeth.  The  external  ear  has  nothing  what- 
ever to  do  in  hearing  with  this  wonderful  instrument. 

It  is  made  in  the  shape  of  a  fan,  and  can  be  used  as  such, 
if  desired. 

When  adjusted  for  hearing,  it  is  in  suitable  tension  and 
the  upper  edge  is  pressed  slightly  against  one  or  more  of 
the  upper  teeth. 

Ordinary  conversation  can  be  heard  with  ease.  In  most 
cases  deafness  is  not  detected. 

The  Audiphone  is  Patented  throughout  the  civilized  world. 


F  •&  I  O  E: 
Conversational,  small. $6.00 

Conversational,  large  .  $6-00 

Ike  Audiphone  will  be  sent  to  any  address,  on  receipt  of  price,  by 

RHODES   &   McCLURE, 

Agents  for  the  World, 
'*»   DEARBORN   STREET  CHICAGO,  ILL. 


Great  Speeches ! 
WIT,  WISDOM  AND  ELOQUENCE! 

or 

COL.   R.   G.   INGERSOLL, 

Illustrated;  8vo,  156  pages,  cloth  and  gold, 
PRICE,  $1. 

REPLIES 

TO 

INGERSOLL  ON  THOMAS  PAINE 

BY 

Dr.  Ooodwlii,  Bishop  Fallows,  James  9Eaclanghlln,  Prof. 

Wllcox,   Dr.   Hatfteld,   Dr.   Blaektmm,   Simeon. 

Gilbert,  Pere  Hyaclntlie,  and.  others. 

INCLUDING,  ALSO, 

INGERSOLI/S  LECTURE  ON  THOMAS  PAINE. 

8vo,  158  pages,  cloth  and  gold. 
PRICE,    $1. , 

MISTAKES  OF  INGERSOLL, 

AND  ins 

ANSWERS   COMPLETE. 


This  yolume  contains  Ingersoll's  Lectures, 

"Mistakes  of  Moses."  "What  Shall  We  Do  to  be  Saved?" 

"Skulls."  "Thomas  Paine." 

"  Funeral  Oration  at  His  Brother's  Graye,"  with  Comments  on  same  by 

Henry  Ward  Beecher,  Isaac  N.  Arnold,  and  others. 

Also,  criticisms  on  all  of  his  lectures,  by  Prof.  Swing,  W.  H.  Ryder,  D.  D., 
J.  Monro  Gibson,  D.  D.,  Brooke  Herford,  D.  D.,  Rabbi  Wise,  Rev.W.  F.  Crafts, 
Chaplain  C.  C.  McCabe,  D.  D.,  Arthur  Swazy,  D.  D.,  Robert  CoJlyer,  D.  D., 
Bishop  Fallows,  Dr.  Thomas,  Dr.  Lorimer,  Dr.  Courtney,  Prof.  Courtney,  Prof. 
Curtis,  Dr.  Goodwin,  Rev.  James  McLaughlin.  Prof.  Wileox,  Dr.  Hatfield,  Dr. 
Blackburn,  Simeon  Gilbert,  Pere  Hyacinthe,  and  others. 

Edited  by  J.  B.  McClure.     Beautifully  bound  in  cloth  and  gold;  8vo,  600 
pages.    Illustrated. 
PRICE,    $2. 

Any  of  the  above  books  'will  be  sent  by  mail,  post-paid,  on  receipt 
9f  price. 

Rhodes  &  MeClure,  Publishers, 

CHICAGO.  5H- 


